公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)

1、公路工程名词术语 JTJ002-87公路工程名词术语 JTJ002-87中英文对比表No. PAGE No. PAGE 9 Total 10公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-ofway高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road道路服务水平level of service公路交通

2、规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查(OD 调查）origindestination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生trafficgeneration干线公路arterial highway交通分布支线公路feeder highway交通分配专用公路accomodation highway交通预测国家干线公路(国道) nationaltrunkhig

3、hway行车道省级干线公路(省道)provincial trunk highway分离式行车道县公路(县道）countyroad车道乡公路（乡道）township road变速车道辐射式公路radialhighway加速车道环形公路ringhighway减速车道绕行公路bypass爬坡车道交通结构trafficstructure停车道交通组成traffic composition错车道混合交通mixedtraffic自行车道交通流trafficflow路侧人行道交通流理论trafficflowtheory分隔带车流vehiclestream中央分隔带交通密度traffic density中间带

4、车头间距space headway路肩车头时距time headway路缘带车间净距vehiculargap路缘石延误delay侧向余宽地点速度spotspeed路拱行驶速度running speed路拱横坡运行速度poeratingspeed公路建筑限界临界速度critical speed公路路线平均速度averagespeed公路线形计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed平面线形交通量trafficvolume纵面线形年平均日交通量 annual average daily traffic线形要素月平均日交通量 monthly averagedaily traffic平曲线30

5、 位最大小时交通量 thirtieth highest annual 极限最小平曲线半径hourlyvolume年最大小时交通量 maximumannualhourly复曲线 设计小时交通量 designhourlyvolume反向曲线通行能力 traffic capacity断背曲线基本通行能力 basic traffic capacity回头曲线可能通行能力 possible traffic capacity缓和曲线设计通行能力 design traffic capacity竖曲线弯道加宽traffic distributiontraffic assignment traffic prog

6、nosis carriagewaylanespeedchange laneacceleration lane deceleration lane climbing lane parking lanelanecycle path sidewalklane seperator median divider central strip shoulder;verge marginal strip kerb;curb lateral clearancecamber;crown crownslopeclearance of highwayhighway route highway alignment ho

7、rizontal alignmentvertical alignment alignment elements horizontalcurvelimited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve compound curvereverse curve broken-back curve switchback curvetransition curve vertical curve curvewidening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve交通岛trafficisland超高superelevation导流岛channe lization

8、island超高缓和段supere levation runoff中心岛centralisland纵坡longitudinal gradient安全岛refugeisland最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient沿线设施roadsidefacilities最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient交通安全设施trafficsafetydevice变坡点gradechangepoint人行横道crosswalk平均纵坡averagegradiant人形地道pedestrianunderpass坡长限制grade length limitation

9、人形天桥pedestrianovercrossing高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation护栏guardfence缓和坡段transition grading zone防护栅barrier合成坡度resultant gradent遮光栅antidizzling screen视距sight distance应急电话emergencytelephone停车视距nonpassing sight distance;反光标志reflective sign超车视距stopping sight distancepassingsightdistance反光路钮 弯道反光镜refle

10、ctive buttontrafficmirror道路交叉road intersection;道路交通标志roadtrafficsign道口railroad grade crossing警告标志warningsign平面交叉at-gradeintersection;gradecrossing禁令标志regulatorysign正交叉right-angle intersection指示标志guidesign斜交叉skewintersection指路标志information sign环形交叉rotary intersection辅助标志auxiliarysign十字形交叉“+”intersect

11、ion可变信息标志changeablemessagesignT 形交叉T intersection路面标线pavement marking错位交叉offset intersection；staggered junction防雪设施snowprotectionfacilitiesY形交叉Yintersection防沙设施sandsprotectionfacilities立体交叉grade separation隔音墙acoustic barrier分离式立体交叉simplegradeseparation,separate停车场parkingareagrade crossing踏勘互通式立体交叉in

12、terchange可行性研究首蓿叶形立体交叉 fullcloverleafinterchange线形设计部分首蓿叶形立体交叉 cloverleaf interchange公路景观设计菱形立体交叉diamond interchange选线定向式立体交叉directionalinterchange路线控制点喇叭形立体交叉threeleginterchange定线环形立体交叉rotary interchange比较线匝道ramp展线交叉口road crossing; intersection初测交叉口进口intersectionentrance交叉口出口intersectionexit地貌recon

13、naissancefeasibility studyalignmentdesignhighwaylandscapedesignroute selectioncontrol point location alternative line line development locationsurveytopographie fcature加铺转角式交叉口intersectionwithwidenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口 flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口 channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段we

14、aving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflictpoint地物 地形 台地 垭口 平原区微丘区重丘区山岭区沿溪线culture topography terracepass; saddle backplain terrain rolling terrain hilly terrainmountainous terrainvalley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hillside line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-filltransition土方调配图cut-fill transition program

15、 土方调配经济运距 economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatricphoto全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基s

16、ubgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting竣工测量（路线）平面图交点虚交点转点 转角 方位角象限角方向角切线长曲线长外（矢）距测站测点中桩加桩护桩水准测量水准点 绝对基面高程地面高程设计高程(路线）纵断面图中桩填挖高度 地形测量基线 地形图等高线横断面测量横断面图 坑探钻探摄影测量航空摄影测量地面立体摄影测量地面控制点测量finalsurvey半填半挖式路基part cutpartfill subgradeplan台口式路基benchedsubgradeintersectionpoint路基宽度width of subgrade imaginaryintersectionpoin

17、t路基设计高程design elevation of subgradeturning point（路基)最小填土高度 minimum height of fillintersectionangle边坡sideslopeazimuth angle边坡坡度grade of side slopebearing(边）坡顶topofslopedirection angle（边）坡脚toeofslopetangent length护坡道bermcurve length边坡平台plain stage of slopeexternalsecant碎落台berm at the foot of cutting s

18、lopeinstrumentstation护坡slopeprotectionobservationpoint挡土墙retainingwallcenterstake重力式挡土墙gravity retaining walladditional stake横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wallreferencestake悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wallbroken chainage扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining walllevellingsurvey柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall

19、benchmark锚杆式挡土墙anchoredretainingwallbytierodsabsolute datum锚碇板式挡土墙 anchored bulkhead retaining wallelevation石笼rockfilledgabionground elevation抛石riprapdesignedelevation路基排水drainageprofile边沟side ditchcut and fill at center stake截水沟intercepting ditchtopographic survey排水沟drainageditchbase line急流槽chuteto

20、pographic map跌水dropwatercontour line蒸发池evaporation pondcrosssectionalsurvey盲沟blinddraincross-section渗水井seepagewellpittest透水路堤permeableembankmentboring过水路面fordphotogrammetry填方fillaerial photogrammetry挖方cutgroundstereophotogrammetry借土borrowearthground control-point survey弃土waste取土坑borrowpit弃土堆waste ba

21、nk回填土backfilling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil次高级路面sub-hightypepavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面 bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面 bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入

22、碎(砾)bituminouspenetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment块料路面block pavement流砂quicksand石块路面软弱地基softground泥结碎石路面强夯法dynamicconsolidationpavement预压法preloading method水结碎石路面反压护道loading bermpavement砂井sanddrain级配路面路基沙垫层sandmatofsubgrade稳定土基层压实compaction工业废渣基层压实度degree of compaction块石基层(标准)最大干容重max

23、imum dry unit weight层铺法 相对密实度relativedensity拌和法毛细水capillarywater厂拌法土石方爆破blastingcrater路拌法抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock热拌法爆破漏斗blastingcrater冷拌法松动爆破blasting for loosening rock贯入法爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting铺砌法路面pavement缩缝 弹性层状体系理论 elasticmultilayertheory胀缝（回弹）弯沉deflection真缝加州承载比（CBR)Californiabea

24、ringratio(CBR）假缝路面宽度width of pavement路槽roadtrough纵缝刚性路面rigid pavement施工缝柔性路面flexible pavement传力杆路面结构层pavement structure layer拉杆面层surface course路面平整度磨耗层wearing course路面粗糙度联结层binder course路面摩擦系数基层base course附着力垫层bedcourse水滑现象隔水层aquitard桥梁隔温层thermal insulating course公路桥封层sealcoat公铁两用桥透层primecoat人形桥保护层p

25、rotectioncourse跨线桥补强层streng thening layer高架桥高级路面high type pavement永久性桥 半永久性桥stone block pavementclay boundmacadamwater boundmacadamgraded aggregate pavementstabilized soil base course industrial waste base coursetelford baseinlayersmixingmethodplantmixingmethodroad mixing method hot mixing method co

26、ld mixing method penetration method pitching method contraction joint expansionjointtruejointdummy joint transverse joint longitudinal jointdowel bartiebarsurface evenness surface roughnessfrictioncoefficientofpavementadhesive forcehydroplaning phenomenonbridgehighwaybridgehighway and rail transit b

27、ridgepedestrian bridgeoverpass bridge viaduct permanent bridgesemipermanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge主梁mainbeam钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge横梁floorbeam预应力混凝土桥prestressedconcretebridge纵梁longitudinal beam，stringer钢桥steel bridge挂梁suspendedbeam圬工桥masonrybridge拱圈arch，ring木桥timberbridge拱上结构spandrel st

28、ructure正交桥rightbridge腹拱spandrelarch斜交桥skewbridge拱上侧墙spandrelwall弯桥curvedbridge桥面系floor system,bridge decking坡桥bridgeonslope桥面铺装bridge deck pavement斜桥skewbridge伸缩缝expansionandcontractionjoint正桥rightbridge缩装置bridgefloorexpansionand上承式桥中承式桥deckbridgehalf-throughbridge安全带contraction installationafety be

29、lt下承式桥throughbridge桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head梁桥beambridge下部结构substructure简支梁桥simple supported team bridge桥墩pier连续梁桥continuous beam bridge墩身pierbody悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge墩帽coping联合梁桥composite beam bridge盖梁bentcap板桥slabbridge破冰体iceapron拱桥archbridge重力式桥墩gravitypier双曲拱桥two-way curved arch br

30、idge实体桥墩solidpier空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge空心桥墩hollowpier实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge柱式桥墩columnpier系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge排架桩墩pilebentpier桁架桥trussbridge柔性墩flexiblepier钢构桥rigidframebridge制动墩brakingpierT形钢构桥Tshapedrigidframebridge单向推力墩singledirectionthrustedpier连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame brid

31、ge桥台abutment斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs台身前墙abutmentbodyfrontwall斜拉桥（斜张桥)cable stayed bridge翼墙wingwalls悬索桥suspensionbridge台帽coping漫水桥submersible bridge锥坡conical slope浮桥pontoon bridge耳墙wingwalls开启桥movable bridgeU 形桥台Ushaped abutment装配式桥fabricatedbridge八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment装拆式钢桥fa

32、bricated steel bridge一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment涵洞culvert重力式桥台gravityabutment管涵pipeculvert埋置式桥台buried abutment拱涵archculvert扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment箱涵boxculvert锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment盖板涵slabculvert支撑式桥台supported type abutment无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert地基subsoil压力式涵洞pressure c

33、ulvert加固地基consolidatedsubsoil半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert天然地基natural subsoil倒虹吸涵siphon culvert基础foundation上部结构superstructure扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础opencaissionfoundation稳定性stability管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation位移displacement桩基础pile poundation变形deformation桩pile挠度deflection预制桩precastpile预拱度camb

34、er就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile流域catchment basin摩擦桩frictionpile集水面积runoffarea支承桩bearingpile径流runoff承台bearingplatform水文测验hydrological survey支座bearing河床riverbed固定支座fixedbearing河槽riverchannel活动支座expansion bearing主槽mainchannel索塔cable bent tower边滩sideshoal索鞍cablesaddle河滩rloodland调治构造物regulating struct

35、ure河床宽度bedwidth丁坝spurdike河槽宽度channelwidth顺坝longitudinal dam过水断面discharge section桥位bridgesite水位waterlevel桥梁全长totallengthofbridge（或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level主桥mainbridge通航水位navigable water level引桥approachspan设计水位designwater level跨径span水面比降water surface slope桥涵计算跨径computed span河床比降gradientofriver

36、bed桥涵净跨径clearspan湿周weffed perimeter矢跨比risespanratio糙率coefficient of roughuess计算矢高calculatedriseofarch水力半径hydraulicradius桥下净空clearanceofspan水文计算hydrological computation桥面净空clearance above bridge floor设计流量designed discharge桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge设计流速designed flow velocity荷载load行近流速approach

37、 velocity永久荷载permanent load洪水调查floorsurvey可变荷载variableload洪水频率floorfrequency偶然荷载accidental load设计洪水频率designed flood frequency荷载组合loading combinations潮汐河流tidalriver车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle悬移质suspended load设计荷载designload推移质bedmaterialload施工荷载construction load水力计算hydraulic computation梁

38、beam水头waterhead简支梁simplesupported beam冲刷scour连续梁continuous beam桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge悬臂梁板拱 桁架刚构柱 强度刚度抗裂度cantilever beam桥墩(或墩台）local scour near pierslab自然演变冲刷naturalscourarch冲刷系数coefficient of scouringtruss淤积siltingrigidframe壅水backwatercolumn流冰icedriftstrength先张法pretensioningmethodstiffness

39、 ，rigidity后张法post-tensioningmethodcrack resistance缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever mathodspan by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法constructionbyswing浮运架桥法erectingby floating顶入法jack-in method围

40、堰cofferdam护筒pile casing路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suifaceangularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blowup错台faulting of slab ends错位slabstaggering滑坡slide坍方land slide隧道tunnel倒塌洞门tunnel portal碎落衬砌tunnel lining沉降明洞open cut tunnel沉陷围岩surrounding rork泥石流隧道建筑限界 structuralapproachli

41、mitofrunnels（振动)液化明挖法open cut method翻浆矿山法minetunnellingmethod岩溶盾构法shieldtunnelingmethod沙害沉埋法(沉管法)lmmersedtunnel雪害导坑heading水毁隧道支撑tunnel support好路率构件支撑elementsupport养护质量综合值喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete隧道通风tunnelventilation路容隧道照明tunnel lighting路况养护maintenance路况调查定期养护periodicalmaintenance路政管理巡回养护

42、patrol maintenance民工建勤大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routinemaintenance养路费中修intermediatemaintenance养路道班大修heavy maintenance粒料改善工程road inprovement集料（骨料)抢修emergency repair of road矿料加固strengthening of structure矿粉回砂sandsweeping砂罩面overlay of pavement砾石路面翻修 pavement recapping砂砾路向补强 pavement strengthening卵石车辙ru

43、tting路面搓板surface corrugation片石路面网裂netshaped cracking块石路面龟裂alligator cracking料石路面碎裂pavement spalling石屑反射裂缝reflection crack工业废渣路面坑槽pot holes结合料路面冻胀surface frost heave有机结合料沥青collapsedebris avalanchesettlement subsidencemud avalancheliquefactionkarstsand hazardhazardwashoutrateofgoodroadgeneral tating o

44、f maintenancequalityroad conditionsurveyrlad administrationcivilian labourers working onpublic projecttollofroadmaintenancemaintenance gang granularmaterialaggregate mineral powder sandgravelsand gravel cobble stonebroken stone,crushed stonerubbleblock stone dressed stonechipindustrial solid wastebi

45、nderorganic binding agentbitumen地沥青asphalt稠度界限consistency limit天然沥青naturalasphalt液限liquidlimit石油沥青petroleum asphalt塑限plasticlimit煤沥青coaltar缩限shrinkage limit乳化沥青emulsified bitumen塑性指数plasticity index氧化沥青oxidized asphalt水泥标号cementmark路用沥青roadbitumen水泥混凝土标号cementconcretemark无机结合料inorganic binding agent

46、粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixtureproportioning of cement concrete水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump沥青混凝土混合料 bituminousconcretemixture硬化 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture水硬性沥青砂asphalt sand气硬性沥青膏asphalt mastic离析水泥砂浆cement mortar徐变石灰砂浆lime mortar老化水泥混凝土混合料 cementconcretemixture(沥青)稠度

47、水泥混凝土cementconcrete针入度钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete度预应力（钢筋）混凝土 prestressed concrete软化点 早强混凝土earlystrengthconcrete延度干硬性混凝土dry concrete闪点贫混凝土leanconcrete溶解度轻质混凝土lightwehght concrete热稳性纤维混凝土fibrous concrete水稳性外掺剂admixture油石化减水剂water reducing agent含油率加气剂air entraining agent压碎率早强剂early strength agent磨耗率缓凝剂reta

48、rder弹性模量钢筋steelbar回弹模量预应力钢材prestressing steel劲度（模量）高强钢丝hightensilesteelwire模量比钢铰线strandedsteelwire泊松比 冷拉钢筋cold-stretchedsteelbar疲劳试验冷拔钢丝colddrawn steel wire劈裂试验高强螺栓high strength bolt三轴试验空隙率porosity击实试验孔隙比voidratio触探试验粒径grainsize弯沉试验颗粒组成grain composition环道试验细度fineness承载板试验筛分sieveanalysis透水性试验级配gradat

49、ion车辙试验级配曲线gradingcurve马歇尔试验最佳级配optimum gradation压实度试验含水量water content铺砂法最佳含水量optimum water content硬练胶砂强度试验hardening hydraulicity air hardeningsegregation creepageingconsistency （ofbitumen)penetrationviscosity softening pointductilityflash point dissolubility hot stability water stabilityasphaltaggr

50、egateratiobitumencontentrate of crushing abrasiveness modulus of elasticitymodulus of resiliencestiffness modulusmodulus ratio poissons ratio fatigue testsplitting test triaxial test compaction testcone penetration test deflection test circular track test loading plate test perviousness test wheel t

51、racking test Marshall stability testcompactness test sandpatchmethodearth-dry mortar strength test软练胶砂强度试验 plasticmortarstrength-test(水泥)安定性试验 soundness test(of cement） 击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loadingplate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪 surface-curvature

52、apparatus路面平整度测定仪 viameter路面透水度测定仪 surfacepermeameter五轮仪fifthwheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universaltestingmachine三轴（剪切）仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比（CBR)测定仪 Californiabearingratiotester标准筛standardsieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)so

53、ftening pointtester(ringball method)闪点仪（开口杯式)flashpointtester(opencupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus(沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer饱和面干吸水率试模 saturated-surfaceduiedmoisture retention tester 撞击韧度试验机impacttoughne

54、ssmachine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机 Deval abrasion testing machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机 LosAngelesabrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester 单斗挖掘机singlebucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvimixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rockbreaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-footroller手扶式单轮压路机 walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frogrammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor铁夯（铁撞柱)tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor 沥青混合料拌和设