2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号58

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, wh

2、en you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of your muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousan

3、dth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their original positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More th

4、an half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle

5、as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means that（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is weaker than an average man

6、 because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they

7、 performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an average manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body massD.less muscle fiber fo

8、r her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 involuntary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathing functionC.directing ou

9、r muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform.可知，第六感是一种肌肉感觉，可智能地精准控制人体活动。因此，C项是正确答案

10、。2.细节事实题。题意：根据原文，人类身体超过一半的组织是由什么构成的？根据原文第三段第一句：More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers.可知，人体超过一半的组织是由muscle fibers（肌肉纤维）构成。因此，正确答案为B项。3.细节事实题。根据原文第三段Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw

11、 as far, or hit as hard as an average man. 可知，女性比正常男性力气小是因为女性身体内肌肉含量仅为男性的60-70%。因此，B项为正确答案。4.推理判断题。本文并未说明也未暗示肌肉感觉比其他感官重要，因此A选项错误。根据原文最后一段The voluntary muscles, those that we move consciously to perform particular action, number more than five hundred.可知，C选项与原文意思相反，故C项错误。D选项说肌肉组织是不可弯曲的，与原文不符，故排除。因此，B

12、选项是正确答案。5.细节事实题。由文章第一段The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently.可知，肌肉感官的作用是directing your muscles intelligently，因此，本题正确答案为C项。2.单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will l

13、argely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services bein

14、g introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say t

15、hey are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno g

16、urus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with

17、 the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell

18、 phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great prol

19、iferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is

20、 a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making al

21、l of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something eve

22、n precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that_.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that_.5. An appro

23、priate title for the passage might be_.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forwardB.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life qualityD.technology should be aggressively championed问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B

24、.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.Technological wonders.B.Access to information.C.TimeD.Time-saving devices.问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on techn

25、ologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbacks of too Much AccessC.The Failure of Technological RenaissanceD.The Declining Quality o

26、f Life【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? “No, quite contrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活

27、中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成

28、了技术的奴隶，因此选B。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making a

29、ll of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?（有没有人问过，高速发展的文化是否让我们所有人都变得不那么有耐心，不太愿意倾听、推迟、考虑和反思？）可知D选项“科技可能会使人失去耐心”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了科技给人们生活带来的负面影响，因此B选项“使用过多的缺点”符合题意。3.单选题Millions of farmers, drawn by the of employment, came into the city, which made the problems

30、 of transportation and housing even more serious.问题1选项A.prosperityB.prospectC.expectationD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prosperity n.繁荣，成功；B选项prospect n.前途，预期；C选项expectation n.期待，预期，指望；D选项anticipation n. 预料，希望，预感。根据句意可知，数百万的农民，满怀找工作的希望涌入城市，使得城市里的交通和住房问题变得更加严重。因此，正确答案为C项。4.翻译题Translate the fol

31、lowing passage into English.“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。【答案】Children are the angels of adults given by god; pets are the angels of children given by adults. Pe

32、ts can be childrens good friends. They play with children, as well as exchange emotional feelings with them at the same time. Children can tell their own worries to pets for they are the best audient. When children are rebuked by parents or laughed at by others, these silent listeners can bring them

33、 care and comfort. Pets can keep children company when they are ill, giving them comfort and encouraging them to face difficulties and constantly striving to become stronger.5.单选题All individuals are required to_to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.abideB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】考查动

34、词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据the laws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。6.单选题He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.问题1选项A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.fle

35、xibly【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项honestly adv.真诚地，公正地；B选项appropriately adv.适当地，恰当地；C选项 intelligibly adv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D选项flexibly adv.灵活地，柔软地。句意：他意识到自从自己说话不能保持前后一致开始，他已经失去了自己的听众。因此，C项为正确答案。7.单选题Tourism has also been greatly_the rapid development of some developing nations.问题1选项A.lain inB.consisted inC.respons

36、ible forD.accounted for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项lay in“储备，储存”；B选项consist in“在于，由组成”；C选项responsible for“为负责，是造成的原因”；D选项account for“说明（原因、理由等）”，一般用于主动语态。句意：旅游业一直也是一些发展中国家的快速发展的主要原因。8.单选题Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to_the tension by la

37、ughing or crying.问题1选项A.discardB.disperseC.disguiseD.discharge【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项discard v.抛弃，丢弃；B选项disperse v.分散，使散开，传播；C选项disguise v.掩饰，假装；D选项discharge v.排放，释放，卸货。根据句意可知，有时恐惧造成的紧张，我们无法自行克制，这时就需要哭泣或者怒吼来释放压力。因此，正确答案为D。9.单选题（）, Shakespeare was also a prolific writer of sonnets.问题1选项A.Noting for his

38、 playsB.Notes of his plays,C.Famous playsD.Noted for his plays【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。10.单选题In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed _in Chicago and New York City.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.simultane

39、ouslyC.spontaneouslyD.harmoniously【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项homogeneously“同质地，同类地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”；D选项harmoniously“和谐地”。根据 Chicago and New York City可推测在过去的十年时间里，高楼大厦应是同时在这两个城市耸立，因此选B。句意：在过去的十年里，芝加哥和纽约的高楼大楼同时耸立起来。11.单选题Information is the primary commodity in more and more in

40、dustries today.By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose “flextime, flexplace” arrangements, which allow them to work home, communicating with the office via

41、 computer networks.In the United States, the so-called “digital divide seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued t

42、o dag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe

43、 and Japan not far behind.80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now. In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating

44、in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet li

45、nks will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Websites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implic

46、ations: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their

47、 wealth is raising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role i

48、n todays work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.1. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT_.2. “digital divide” in the 4th paragraph refers to_.3. Which of the following stateme

49、nts is INCORRECT according to the passage?4. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage?5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize _in an increasingly high-tech world.问题1选项A.American management personnelB.European management personnelC.American peoples choice of ca

50、reerD.traditional practice at work问题2选项A.the gap in terms of computer ownershipB.the tendency of computer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction among American households问题3选项A.By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B.By 2005 printed college

51、 and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C.By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D.By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.问题4选项A.Future careers.B.Nature of future work.C.Ethnic differences.D.Schools

52、 and libraries.问题5选项A.the variety of educationB.the content of educationC.the need for educationD.the function of education【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段中的By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.（到2005年，美国83%的管理人员将成

53、为知识型员工。欧洲和日本紧跟其后）与A、B选项对应；第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与C选项对应。通过排除法排除A、B、C选项，因此选D。2.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American

54、 households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）可知“digital divide”指的是拥有电脑方面的差距，因此选A。3.推理判断题。由文章第八段中的By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises,

55、and relevant news articles to aid in learning.（到2005年，几乎所有的大学课本和许多高中和初中书籍都将与互联网网站联系在一起，这些网站提供资源、练习和相关的新闻文章，以帮助学习）可知互联网知识作为辅助一种辅助工具，因此A选项表述不正确。4.细节事实题。文章第七段中的In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related.（在美国，从现在到2005年10个发展最快的职业中，有5个是与计算机相关的）与

56、A选项对应。第四段中的where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly（一半的白人家庭拥有电脑，43%的非裔美国家庭拥有电脑，而且他们的数量正在迅速增长）与C选项对应；倒数第四段中的Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world

57、by 2005.（到2005年，互联网链接将提供世界上所有主要图书馆的卡片目录） 与D选项对应。通过排除法排除A、C、D选项，因此选B。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education.（即使是初级工人和以前非技术性职位的工人也需要越来越高的教育水平）可知选C。12.单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it;

58、it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。13.单选题The customs inspector was _for smugglers.问题1选项A.on the

59、 guardB.on the watchC.on watchD.on alert【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确，应为on guard“站岗，警惕，提防”；B选项on the watch“留神，守候，注意”；C选项on watch“值班，放哨，监视”；D选项on alert“提防着，警惕着”。根据The customs inspector（海关稽查员）与smugglers（走私者）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。14.单选题Having had her as a professor and an adviser, I can tell you tha

60、t she is an_force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations.问题1选项A.inspirationalB.educationalC.excessiveD.instantaneous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inspirational“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；B选项educational“教育的，有教育意义的”；C选项excessive“过度的，极度的”；D选项instantaneous“立即的，立刻的”。根据pushes her students to excel far