2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号13

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题All the new knowledge which Dr. Smith has explained and provided is at length developed and established.问题1选项A.surelyB.eventuallyC.preciselyD.consequently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 surely “当然；无疑；坚定地；稳当地”；B选项 eventually “

2、最后，终于”；C选项 precisely “精确地；恰恰”；D选项 consequently “因此；结果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解释并提供的新知识最终得到了发展和确立。结合此处关键词 at length “终究；终归；最终”，得知B为正确答案。2.单选题Although the study of animal communication has played a vital role in our understanding of human communication ever since the dawn of time, recent research in this area ha

3、s revealed a number of striking similarities between animal and human communication. Researchers have discovered that animals 1 with humans a number of characteristics, including 2 associated with attraction and mating, territoriality, familiar ties, division of labor, and a number of other traits t

4、hat we once 3 were uniquely “4”.For example, the 5 between squirrel monkey mothers and infants is not unlike that of human. When infants are separate from their mothers, they emit loud, easily 6, and individually recognizable sounds. 7, the mother can find her child and 8 its needs. 9, mother squirr

5、el monkeys have their own form of “motherese ”, or adult speech that is 10 in order to communicate with their infants.问题1选项A.resembleB.shareC.contrastD.differ问题2选项A.whatB.thatC.thoseD.ones问题3选项A.assumedB.guessedC.justifiedD.reasoned问题4选项A.animalsB.humaneC.humanityD.human问题5选项A.bondB.tiesC.affectionD

6、.joint问题6选项A.simulatedB.locatedC.situatedD.detected问题7选项A.In this wayB.ThusC.Because of thisD.Therefore问题8选项A.supplyB.helpC.getD.serve问题9选项A.ConverselyB.LikelyC.LikewiseD.Comparatively问题10选项A.alteredB.modifiedC.revisedD.adapted【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项

7、 resemble“ 类似”；B选项 share“共用”；C选项contrast“对比；对照；显出明显的差异”；D选项differ“不同”。句意：人类交流研究人员发现，动物和人类有许多共同的特征。这里是说动物和人类有许多共同的特征，由此可知B选项正确。2.考查非限定性定语从句。A选项 “what”以及B选项 “that”不能引导非限定制性定语从句，故排除A，B选项。选项D “ones” 只能作为代词，不能引导非限定性定语从句，故排除。因此选项C为正确答案。3.考查上下文语义辨析。A选项assumed“假设；（承担）责任”；B选项 guessed “猜想”；C选项justified“调整；证明正

8、当”；D选项reasoned“说服”。上文说到研究者对动物交流的研究就在我们理解人类交流方面起着至关重要的作用，可推测此处应填研究者的推论，B选项guess指的是毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断，可排除，由此可知A选项正确。4.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 animals “动物，动物世界；牲畜”；B选项 humane “仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C选项 humanity“人道；仁慈；人文学科”；D选项 human“人类”。中文翻译为：我们猜想我们是独一无二的人类，判断出此处D选项正确。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bond“纽带”；B选项ties “结”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；

9、感染”；D选项 joint“关节；接缝”。句意：松鼠猴的母亲和婴儿之间的纽带就像人类一样。判断出A项正确。6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 simulated“ 模拟的；模仿的；仿造的”；B选项 located“ 处于，位于；坐落的”；C选项 situated“位于的；处于境遇的”；D选项 detected“检测到的”。根据下文，the mother can find her child（妈妈能找到她的孩子）。可知B选项正确。7.考查连词。A选项 In this way“这样；用这种方法”；B选项 Thus “因此；从而；这样；如此”；C选项 Because of this“因为这个”；D选项

10、Therefore“因此”。由上文“当婴儿与母亲分开时，他们会发出响亮的、容易定位的、单独可识别的声音”的这种方式，可推测A选项正确。8.考查动词词义。A选项 supply“供给，提供；补充”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项get “使得；获得；受到；变成”；D选项serve“ 招待，供应”。根据find“找到”以及后文its needs “它的需要”， D选项“serve”所提供的服务是虚拟的，A选项“supply”所提供的服务是现实的，可知A选项正确。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项 Conversely“相反地”；B选项Likely“很可能；或许”；C选项Likewise“同样地；也”；D选

11、项Comparatively“比较地；相当地”。联系下文mother squirrel monkeys have their own form of “motherese”.（松鼠猴妈妈有自己的妈妈语），可知C项正确。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 altered“改变，改动，修改”；B选项 modified“修改；更改”；C选项 revised“修改；校订；复习”；D选项adapted“ 使适应，改编”。根据上文mother squirrel monkeys have their own form of “motherese ”（松鼠猴妈妈也有自己的妈妈语），下文in order to co

12、mmunicate with their infants.（以便与婴儿交流），B选项modified强调细小的变化，常含“缓和”的意味，可排除，D选项adapted（适应，改编）符合题意，D选项正确。3.单选题We often _ our energies in trivial occupations.问题1选项A.dissipatedB.indulgedC.unscrambledD.took【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 dissipated“消散；浪费 ”；B选项indulged “沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled “使还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项 took

13、 “拿；取；接受”。句意：我们经常我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。根据单词trivial occupations （琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。4.单选题When I am on vacation, I like to explore new cities by walking randomly through the downtown streets.问题1选项A.lazilyB.reflectivelyC.aimlesslyD.deliberately【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 lazily “懒洋洋地；怠惰地，

14、懒散地”；B选项 reflectively “反映地；反照地”；C选项 aimlessly “漫无目的地，无目标地”；D选项 deliberately “故意地；缓慢而谨慎地”。句意：度假时，我喜欢在市中心的街道上随意走动，探索新的城市。结合此处关键词 randomly “随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地”，得知C为正确答案。5.单选题The president of the board always gives his directions so _ that everyone can understand them.问题1选项A.simplyB.explicitlyC.larg

15、elyD.shortly【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地；朴素地；坦白地”；B选项 explicitly“明确地；明白地”；C选项 largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D选项 shortly“立刻；简短地；唐突地”。句意：总统总是使他的方向，让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyone can understand them.（每个人都能够理解他们），可推测，要使每个人都能理解他们，总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意，A选项正确。6.单选题In response to the signals, the robot arms make scribbles on

16、white canvas with three colored markers attached to the end of the arms.问题1选项A.imagesB.scriptsC.scratchesD.characters【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images “图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts “原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项 characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。7.写作题In many count

17、ries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What are your opinions on this? Write a passage on the topic in about 200 words. You must write cl

18、early and logically on your Answer Sheet.【答案】略。8.单选题Life is full of perils, but the wise man ignores those that are _.问题1选项A.ineluctableB.inevitableC.unessentialD.unforgettable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项 inevitable “必然的；无法避免的”；C选项 unessential“非本质的”；D选项 unforgettable“难忘的”。句意：生

19、活充满了危险，但聪明的人会忽略这些危险。“ineluctable”和 “inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是 “inevitable” 所形容的事件存在着必然性。因此B选项正确。9.单选题As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.问题1选项A.detectableB.triflingC.inexcusableD.magnificent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 detectable“可检测的；可发觉的”；B选项 trifling“微不足道的；轻浮的”；C

20、选项 inexcusable“不可原谅的；没法辩解的；不可宽恕的”；D选项magnificent“高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的”。句意：由于现在很少有家用电器是完美的，这个小小的缺陷是可以忽略不计的。结合此处关键词minor（微小的），得知B选项正确。10.翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoug

21、hts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be

22、 as an angle of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈

23、的视角，净化和保护我们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。11.单选题The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the _.问题1选项A.agendaB.bulletinC.routineD.timetable【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项agenda“议程；日常工作事项；日程表”；B选项bulletin“公告，公报”；C选项routine“常规，惯例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套动作；（计算机）例行程序”；D选项timetable “时间表；时刻表；课程表”。句意：安全问题必须放在议程的首位。结合此处

24、语境，A选项正确。12.单选题Specialist Music SchoolsHow to cope with a child who shows outstanding musical ability? Its not always clear how best to develop and encourage their gift. Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperativ

25、e behavior. And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is regarded as a secondary activity. Such children

26、 as well as those whose ability is actively encouraged by parents or teachers may well benefit from the education offered by a specialist music school.The five music schools in Britain are a relatively recent introduction. They aim to provide a sympathetic environment in which gifted children aged b

27、etween seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second

28、 instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory. They also spend several hours a day practicing in properly equipped private rooms, sometimes with a teacher. The rest of their time is taken up with a restricted academic program, which tends to concentrate on the esse

29、ntial subjects English, math, basic sciences and languages although provision can be made for students who wish to study a wider range of subjects. All five British specialist schools are independent, classes are small by normal school standards, with a high teacher/pupil ratio. Most children attend

30、ing specialist schools tend to be boarders, leaving home to live, eat and sleep full-time at school. This means they spend their formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests.What are the disadvantages? An obvious problem is the cost, the fees are high ( 12,000 17,000 a ye

31、ar for boarders). However, each school will make every effort with scholarships and other forms of financial assistance, to help parents of outstandingly gifted children to find the necessary fees. Secondly, not all parents want to send their children to boarding school, specially at a very early ag

32、e. Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment. They stress, however, that their main aim is to turn out rounded and well-balanced individuals.1. If a childs musical abilit

33、y is not recognized _.2. What problem may musically gifted children face in ordinary schools?3. What makes specialist music schools different from other schools?4. What do most school directors see as a possible disadvantage for pupils?5. The underlined word sympathetic in paragraph two means_.问题1选项

34、A.the ability may fade awayB.the child may misbehaveC.the parents may become anxiousD.the child may lose interest问题2选项A.Music is not seen as an important subjectB.Their academic work may sufferC.Schools lack musical equipmentD.Parents and teachers do not work together问题3选项A.The children have mostly

35、one-to-one lessonsB.Their working day is longerC.More than half the day is spent on musicD.A range of musical training is offered问题4选项A.They may not be mature enough on arrivalB.Poor children may be excludedC.There may be a discipline problemD.They may lose their individuality问题5选项A.pity-showingB.ap

36、preciatingC.understandableD.beneficial【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “Many parents may even fail to recognize and respond to their childs need until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior.”中文翻译为：许多父母甚至没有意识到并回应孩子的需求，直到挫折感爆发成困难或不合作的行为。可以得知B选项“孩子可能会行为

37、不端”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “in ordinary schools” 可以定位到原文第一段“And while most schools are equipped to deal with children who are especially able in academic subjects, the musically gifted require special understanding which may not always be available in an ordinary school especially one where music is reg

38、arded as a secondary activity.” 中文翻译为：虽然大多数学校都有能力培养在学科方面特别有能力的孩子，但是音乐天才需要特殊的理解力，这在普通学校是不可能做到的，尤其是在音乐被视为次要活动的学校里。因此可知A选项“音乐不被视为一门重要的学科”为正确答案。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Children at specialist music schools spend between one third and one half of an average day on musical activities, for example, individual

39、 lessons (up to three hours a week on first and second instruments), orchestras, chamber groups, voice training, conducting and theory.” 中文翻译为：个人课程（每周最多三个小时学习第一和第二乐器）、管弦乐、室内乐团、声音训练、指挥和理论。可知C选项“半天以上的时间都花在了音乐上。”错误，以及D选项“提供一系列的音乐培训”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“school directors”可以定位到文章最后一段“Almost all the directo

40、rs of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such an intense and disciplined environment.” 中文翻译为：几乎所有专业学校的负责人都对让7岁大的孩子进入如此紧张、纪律严明的环境的做法表示怀疑。故选A“他们可能在到达（学校）时还不够成熟。”5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“sympathetic”可以定位到根据文章第二段“They aim to provide a sympathetic env

41、ironment in which gifted children aged between seven and eighteen can develop their skills to the full under the guidance of professional musicians.” 中文翻译为：他们的目标是提供一个富有同情心的环境，让7 - 18岁的超常儿童在专业音乐家的指导下充分发展他们的技能。sympathetic意为“富有同情心的”，判断出答案为A项。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:13.单选题The examination question totally perple

42、xed her.问题1选项A.fascinatedB.confusedC.enlightenedD.saddened【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项 enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项 saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词 question（问题），得知B选项正确。14.单选题The sultry weather in the tropics encourages a life of _.问题1选项A.leis

43、ureB.comfortC.industryD.indolence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 leisure“空闲”；B选项 comfort“安慰，舒适”；C选项 industry“产业，工业”；D选项indolence“懒散，懒惰”。句意：天气闷热的热带地区鼓励生活。根据句意，可以推测天气闷热，会鼓励一种懒散生活。因此D选项正确。15.单选题Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls sold _.问题1选项A.collectiv

44、elyB.invariablyC.reluctantlyD.individually【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 collectively “集体地，共同地”；B选项 invariably “总是；不变地；一定地”；C选项 reluctantly “不情愿地；嫌恶地”；D选项individually “个别地，单独地”。句意：相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比同等珍珠卖出的好得多的价钱。根据句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项“individually”也不符合句意，也可排除。因此B选项正确。16.单选题Scientific and technological advanc

45、es are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 contexts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的和生

46、命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。17.单选题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?问题1选项A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy “辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗

47、；对峙”；D选项 aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。18.单选题The shell-covered animals without backbones have a nasty tendency to devour their neighbors.问题1选项A.developB.endeavorC.del

48、udeD.consume【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 develop“开发；进步；使成长”；B选项 endeavor “努力；尽力”；C选项 delude“欺骗；哄骗；诱惑”；D选项consume“消耗，消费；着迷”。句意：这些没有脊骨、壳覆盖的动物有一种令人讨厌的倾向，它们会吃掉它们的邻居。根据此处关键词their neighbors（他们的邻居）可排除A选项及B选项，C选项delude（欺骗）主要侧重于虚伪的意见或信念欺骗，因此也可排除。结合语境，得知D选项正确。19.单选题We know that chronic pain can disrupt a persons lif

49、e, causing problems that range from missed work to depression.问题1选项A.short-termB.acuteC.bitterD.long-lasting【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 short-term “短期的”；B选项 acute “严重的，医急性的；敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；C选项bitter “苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的”；D选项 long-lasting “持久的；长期的，持续时间长的”。句意：我们知道，慢性疼痛会扰乱一个人的生活，导致从旷工到抑郁等一系列问题。结合此处关键词 chronic “慢性

50、的；长期的；习惯性的”，得知D选项正确。20.单选题The acid rain attacks the leaves and _ their waxy coating.问题1选项A.resolvesB.unsolvedC.dissolvesD.shoves【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves “决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved “未解决的；未解答的”；C选项 dissolves “溶解；分解”；D选项shoves “挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，它们的蜡涂层。根据attacks the leaves （侵蚀树叶）可推测acid rain（酸雨）的危害极大

51、，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。21.单选题But aging does not have to take a toll once it did on her face and body. There are now many solutions available to aid women in their quest for their long lasting health and beauty.问题1选项A.take overB.compose ofC.slow

52、downD.have a negative effect【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A选项 take over “接管；接收”；B选项 compose of “由组成”；C选项 slow down “减速，放慢速度；使慢下来”；D选项 have a negative effect “产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词 take a toll “产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。22.单选题Mr. Obama is the first president si

53、nce Richard M. Nixon to be _ and elected while living in a city neighborhood.问题1选项A.appointedB.nominatedC.representedD.positioned【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 appointed“任命；约定；命令；受权处置的”；B选项 nominated“提名为候选人；任命的”；C选项 represented“代表；表现；描写”；D选项 positioned “放置；确定的位置”。句意：奥巴马是自理查德M尼克松（Richard M. Nixon）以来，第一位居住在城市社

54、区并被提名和选举的总统。根据句意，C项以及D项都可排除，A项appointed的意思是“任命；委任”，指不经过选择的官方委任，也可排除。B选项nominated通常指为某一公职的候选人，因此B选项正确。23.单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；

55、拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。24.写作题In recent years, more and more university graduates go back to their hometown in the rural areas and work there as teachers or village Party secretaries, etC.after obtaining their bachelor or master degrees. Some peopl

56、e say what they do goes against convention. Others say the rural areas are desperately in need of skilled administrators. Then should university graduates go to work in a rural area? Whats your opinion about this phenomenon? Write a passage on the topic Is University Graduates Going to Work in a Rur

57、al Area a Waste of Talent? in about 200 words. You must write clearly and logically on your Answer Sheet.（写在试题册上无效。）Is University Graduates Going to Work in a Rural AreaA Waste of Talent?【答案】略。25.单选题Tonys mother loves Peking opera and whenever there is a new play, she asks Tony to buy tickets for he

58、r.问题1选项A.adornsB.adaptsC.adoptsD.adores【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 adorns“装饰；使生色”；B选项 adapts“适合的；使适应，改编”；C选项 adopts“收养”；D选项adores“崇拜；喜爱；极喜欢”。句意：托尼的妈妈喜欢京剧，每当有新戏上演，她就让托尼给她买票。结合句意，A，B，C选项都可排除，得知D选项正确。26.单选题The chocolate company maintained stable sales _ and increased profits by 4.7% in the fiscal period endi

59、ng in February.问题1选项A.volumesB.rowsC.dimensionsD.outputs【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 volumes “体积，容量”；B选项rows “一排，一行；一排座位；排屋，排房”；C选项 dimensions “规模，大小”；D选项outputs “输出”。句意：在2月份结账期结束巧克力公司保持稳定的销售，并增加了4.7%的利润。sales volumes为固定搭配，译为销售量，因此A选项正确。27.单选题There were two widely divergent influences on the early developm

60、ent of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance