2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号3

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is （1） to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have（2）and friendly relationships with their professors. The（3 ）professor

2、 is not necessarily a poor one and is still（4 ） by students. Although students may be in a(n)（5 ）position, some professors treat them as（6 ）. However, no matter how （7 ）professors would like to be, they still are in a position of（8 ） .Professors may （9 ）social relationships with students outside of

3、the classroom, but in the classroom they （10 ）the instructors role. A professor may have coffee with students （11） the next day expect them to （12 ）a deadline for the（13 ）of a paper or to be prepared （14 ） a discussion or an exam. The professor may give（15 ）attention outside of class to a student in

4、 （16 ） of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it （17 ） evaluating school work. Professors have several roles （18 ） students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must （19 ） that when a teachers role changes, they must appropriately（20）their behavi

5、or and attitudes.问题1选项A.instructiveB.constructiveC.conduciveD.healthy问题2选项A.easygoingB.comfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing问题3选项A.consultativeB.informalC.easyD.casual问题4选项A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked问题5选项A.inferiorB.minorC.lowD.subordinate问题6选项A.peersB.colleaguesC.relativesD.equals问题7选项A.d

6、emocraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict问题8选项A.expertB.authorityC.supervisorD.superior问题9选项A.reproduceB.setC.getD.establish问题10选项A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain问题11选项A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then问题12选项A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy问题13选项A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing问题14选项A.withB.f

7、orC.againstD.of问题15选项A.extraB.dueC.sufficientD.supplementary问题16选项A.questB.viewC.searchD.need问题17选项A.gets toB.comes toC.reachesD.touches问题18选项A.with regard toB.in view toC.in relation toD.with reference to问题19选项A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume问题20选项A.adoptB.adaptC.adeptD.conform【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:

8、D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的;conducive有益的;constructive有建设性的;healthy健康的。Conducive to 有利于, 有助于.原文中的意思是:一个非正式、轻松的课堂环境有利于学习和创新。选项C符合原文。（2）根据后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知, 填空处的意思应该和friendly相近。easygoing随和的;comforting令人欣慰的;c

9、arefree无忧无虑的;relaxing放松的。句意:学生与他们的教授有着随和和友好的关系是很常见的。选项A符合原文语境。（3）consultative咨询的, 顾问的;informal不拘礼节的;easy舒适的;casual临时的。根据下文的poor可以推测, 选项D更符合原文。句意:临时教授不一定是穷教授, 仍然受到学生的尊敬。（4）根据上文, 学生和教授的关系很友好, 即使是临时聘请的教授也会受到学生的尊敬。选项B正确。（5）inferior下等的;minor次要的;low卑贱的;subordinate下属, 下级。学生和教授应该是属于下属, 下级的关系, 所以选D。（6）句意:尽管学

10、生可能处于从属地位, 但有些教授对他们一视同仁。peers指平辈, 同事;colleagues同行, 同事;用在这里都不恰当, 选项D正确。（7）democratic民主的; formal正式的, 拘谨的;relaxed轻松的; strict严肃的。此处与上文相比进行了转折。上文提到教授和学生之间关系友好随和, 然而无论教授们表现得多么轻松, 他们依然处于一个权威的地位。选项C符合句意。（8）expert专家;authority权威;supervisor监督人;superior上级。根据原文:无论教授们表现得多么轻松, 他们依然处于一个权威的地位。选项B正确。（9）根据原文可知, 这里指建立关

11、系, set表示建立时后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思, 但是build含义广泛, 可指一切具体或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish侧重于着重稳固地建成,可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立,也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。原文指建立社会关系, 所以用establish更合适。（10）sustain维持, 支撑;support支持;maintain和retain都有保持的意思, 但retain主要是剩余, 剩下的意思。所以选项C更符合。（11）根据原文, 前一天教授可能还在和学生一起喝咖啡, 但第二天还是希望学生能赶在最后期限提交论文。用b

12、ut表转折, 符合原文。（12）meet a deadline为固定搭配, 指赶上最后期限。（13）paper在这里指论文, 根据原文, 这里应该是指赶上最后期限提交论文。选项A正确。（14）prepare for sth.指为某事做准备。这里指为讨论或者考试做准备。选项B正确。（15）根据下文, 当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同, 所以这里应该是指额外的关注。due 应得的;sufficient充分的;supplementary指补充的。句意:教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注, 但当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同。选项A符合句意。（16）in need of

13、help需要帮助。句意:教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注。（17）gets to到达, 开始;comes to谈到, 提及到;reaches达到;touches接触到。选项B符合原文。（18）with regard to关于, 至于;in view of鉴于, 考虑到;in relation to关于, 涉及;with reference to关于。这里指教授的角色和学生息息相关。所以选项C更恰当。（19）根据原文, 学生必须意识到, 当教师的角色发生变化时, 他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。选项C符合原文语境。（20）adopt采取, 接受;adapt适应;adept熟练,

14、擅长;conform确认, 证实。句意:他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。选项B符合原文。2.单选题When the rent was due, the poor man（ ） for more time.问题1选项A.pleadedB.squashedC.exertedD.cursed【答案】A【解析】句意:当房租到期时, 这个可怜的人恳求多给些时间。plead for意为请求, 符合句意, 选项A正确。3.单选题Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks.

15、 That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they a

16、re actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium h

17、as managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble

18、 those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The

19、 task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a patternwhat is referred to as an “art

20、ificial grammar”. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing” theory

21、would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore,

22、 concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what th

23、ey will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.1.The phrase “poring over” in the first sentence of the passage may be best interpreted as（ ） .2.The reason why sleep is good for the memory（ ） .3.The experimenters found that their subj

24、ects（ ）.4.The Belgian group reached the conclusion that （ ）.问题1选项A.looking interestingly atB.learning without hesitationC.studying with close attentionD.memorizing with a fast pace问题2选项A.is to be clarified by behavioral psychologyB.is rooted in its function of relaxing the brainC.lies in its contrib

25、ution to the formation of lasting memoriesD.stems from its compiling memories and ridding things unwanted问题3选项A.learned quickly how to respond to the light stimuliB.picked up the “artificial grammar” during their REM sleepC.pushed the button faster in the absence of the light patternD.increased thei

26、r response time as they learnt the u artificial grammar”问题4选项A.the brain works more efficiently by knowing a set pattern of thingsB.the second theory failed to cover all the brain responses during sleepC.REM sleep reactivates connections between the nerves and the memoryD.its beyond doubt that the s

27、ubjects were learning in contrast to unlearning【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据原文句意：在大考之前，睡个好觉比钻研课本对你更有好处。既然是考试，当然会仔细认真地复习，所以选项C最能解释poring over。2.根据第一段“sleep is when permanent memories form.”可知选项C正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，Maquet博士使用了一款名为PET的电子设备来研究人们白天练习一项任务和第二天晚上睡觉时的大脑。这项任务要求人们尽快按下按钮，对6个位置当中出现的那盏灯作出反应。当他

28、们学会如何这样做时，他们的反应更快了。他们不知道的是, 这些光的出现有时遵循一种模式这被称为“人造语法”。所以选项B符合原文。4.根据最后一段第一句“the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt.”在眼睛快速转动的睡眠中，特别是当大脑检测到正在学习的东西有固有的结构时，与记忆有关的神经

29、连接会通过重新激活得到加强。选项A符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:4.写作题Suppose you are applying for a PhD program at a UK university. Professor Goth has written a recommendation letter for you at your request. You are required to write a letter of thanks to Professor Goth, who once taught a course in your school and you attended t

30、he course.1.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the introduction. Use “Li Ming” instead.3.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Professor Goth,Do you still remember me? I am Li Ming from China. This year, I have got my doctors degree in linguist

31、ics at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom. I have made some achievements in my academic research.Today I am writing to you to extend my sincere thanks for your help several years ago. In 2007, I was enrolled in your university and selected linguistics as my specialty. My research intere

32、st then was case grammar. I met with many difficulties in my learning process. As my teacher, you encouraged me and enabled me to strengthen my belief in learning well linguistics, a boring subject considered by so many students. I admired you very much because you could always make complicated ques

33、tions simplified while teaching us in class. Under your tutelage, I got my masters degree in linguistics in 2009. That year, I made up my mind to be a doctoral candidate. I applied to the University of Reading. You wrote a recommendation letter for me to Professor Gorden, the dean of Linguistics Dep

34、artment , the University of Reading. I owe my subsequent academic success to your tutelage and kind help, without which, I would still have been groping my way in the darkness. So Ill never forget you, my respectable professor.Best regards.Yours respectfully Li Ming 5.单选题A man who could（ ）such treat

35、ment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength.问题1选项A.bear uponB.stand up toC.insist onD.persist in【答案】B【解析】bear upon有关，瞄准，对.施加压力；stand up to经得起，抵抗，勇敢地面对；insist on坚持，坚决要求；persist in坚持，固执于。句意：能够经得起这种对待的人是很有胆量和勇气的人。选项B符合句意。6.写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no l

36、ess than 200 words on Private Schools in China. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Their advantages;2.Their disadvantages;3.Your comments.【答案】Private Schools in ChinaIt is known to all that more and more private schools have been set up in our country since 1990s. To a certain degree,

37、those schools are able to make up for the shortage of schools in China. With the advent of more and more private schools, a lot of people show their interest in them. As a result, many students have been enrolled in these schools.Private schools have many advantages. First of all, they relieve the f

38、inancial burden of the government. Although the government has kept providing money for establishing pubic schools, it cannot satisfy the increasing demand of public education. Besides, these schools usually provide a better learning environment for students consisting of better facilities and bette

39、r teaching equipment. Furthermore, the salary of teachers in private schools is normally higher than that in public schools. Therefore, they can attract qualified teachers.As far as I am concerned, I wont send my child to a private school. For one thing, the teaching quality in private schools in Ch

40、ina is generally not as good as that in public schools. For another, the tuition fee in a private school is normally higher than that in a public school. Last but not least, students who graduate from private schools are usually discriminated against while seeking their jobs.7.单选题We dont encourage t

41、hem to （ ）in any solitary amusements.问题1选项A.riskB.reviveC.indulgeD.suspend【答案】C【解析】选项中只有C选项能与介词in搭配, indulge in指“沉溺于”, 符合句意。8.单选题She has but a faint （ ）of dialectical materialism.问题1选项A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue【答案】C【解析】sacrifice牺牲；reaction反应；notion概念；clue线索。句意:她对辩证唯物主义只有一个模糊的概念。选项C符合语境。9.单选

42、题The key to success is remembering that every hurdle crossed is one less hurdle in the（ ）of your personal ambition.问题1选项A.pursuitB.proportionC.promotionD.propulsion【答案】A【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促进, 推销;propulsion推进, 推进力。根据句意可知选项中能和目标搭配的只有选项A。10.单选题In general, our society is becoming one of

43、 giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologists and “human-relation” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that

44、man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The workers and employees are anxi

45、ous, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independe

46、nt and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but

47、 even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again by psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their super

48、iors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitors creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustria

49、l mode of production or to the 19th-century “free-enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumptio

50、n are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason一are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as a means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a wel

51、l-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is （ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that（ ） .3.Those who are on the higher social ladder would feel more peaceful and secure if they could（ ） .4.To solve the present social problems the au

52、thor suggests that we should （ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might be best summarized as one of the（ ）.问题1选项A.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyB.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleC.

53、a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothlyD.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society问题2选项A.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceB.they are deprived of their independence and productivityC.they are likely to lose their satisfactory j

54、obsD.they are farther away from genuine life问题3选项A.get higher salary and more self-respectB.have more chance to be further promotedC.prove better than their fellow-competitorsD.keep far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesB.resort to the production m

55、ode of our ancestorsC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段“.yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless.”, 由此推断，作者将人比

56、喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮，实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项A符合原文。2.根据第二段的内容可知，工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业，他们焦虑也是因为他们不能获得任何真正的满足和对生活的兴趣，但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句，作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人，他们终生无法面对人类生存的基本现实。选项B符合原文。3.根据第三段的内容可知，社会地位较高的人同样也会感到焦虑，他们在某些方面甚至更不安全, 他们一直处于激烈的竞争中。不断证明自己和竞争对手一样优秀或比他们更优秀，造成了不断的焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。由此可以推测，如果能远离这个

57、这个竞争激烈的世界，他们才会觉得安宁。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥它的潜力。选项C符合原文。5.根据文章内容可知，作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用，最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义, 所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:11.单选题The book contained a large（ ） of information.问题1选项A.dealB.amountC.numberD.sum【答案】B【解析】a large a

58、mount of+不可数名词；a large number of+可数名词；deal的用法为a great/good deal of+不可数名词。information为不可数名词，所以选项B正确。12.单选题The engineers have used special methods to（ ） the bridge against danger from high winds.问题1选项A.suppressB.lubricateC.heaveD.ensure【答案】D【解析】Suppress抑制, 镇压；lubricate润滑；heave举起, 投掷；ensure确保。句意:工程师们使用

59、特殊的方法来确保这座桥不受狂风的危害。选项D符合句意。13.单选题Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states

60、“invest” in institutions of learning to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization