2022年考研考博-考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-广东工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题“Under no circumstances（ ）the senates raising the debt ceiling with just 50 votes.” The senator said, insisting meaningful spending reforms before raising the debt ceiling.问题1选项A.will I agree toB.I will agree toC.ag

2、ree to I willD.I, will agree to【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句的用法。分析句子结构可知，题目中包含倒装结构，Under no circumstances置于句首，句子出现部分倒装，这时will应提前到主语之前。因此本题正确答案为A选项。2.单选题Even though Cochran beat McDaniel by more 6,000 votes in the national election, the latter didnt（ ）, complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him

3、 the race.问题1选项A.tangleB.concedeC.tormentD.stalk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项tangle表示“（和）争吵；打架；使缠结在一起”；B选项concede表示“让步，承认，退让”；C选项torment表示“折磨，痛苦，捉弄”；D选项stalk表示“追踪，偷偷接近”。根据even though可判断前后两句为让步关系，由后文“complaining that African Americans voting for Cochran lost him the race”可知，McDaniel抱怨是非洲裔美国人投票给Cochran才导致他输掉了

4、竞选，说明他依然对这件事耿耿于怀，可见他并不承认失败。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。3.单选题While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” a

5、ccording to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.

6、In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries（the female reproductive organs）removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily tha

7、t women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Ye

8、huda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violen

9、ce that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, bu

10、t was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, h

11、ave a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience

12、demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.1. Paragraph 2 states that（ ）.2. Dr. Yehudas study found that women（ ）.3. One difference between the sexes is that the stress women confront tends to be（ ）.4. What is the meanin

13、g of “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”（Line 6, Para. 5）?5. The best title for this text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.women are biologically more vulnerable to stressB.women are still suffering much stress caused by menC.women are more experienced than men in coping with stressD.men and women show different

14、 inclinations when faced with stress问题2选项A.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stressB.have limited capacity for tolerating stressC.are more capable of avoiding stressD.are exposed to more stress问题3选项A.domestic and temporaryB.irregular and violentC.durable and frequentD.trivial and random问题4选项A.

15、Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B.Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D.Alvarez paid practically everything by check.问题5选项A.Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B.Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC.Stress Analysis: What Chemical

16、s SayD.Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由原文第二段第一句“Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same condit

17、ions.”可知，对动物和人类的研究表明，性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应，使处于压力下的女性比处于相同条件下的男性产生更多的触发化学物质。由此可知，A选项“从生理上来看，女性更容易受到压力的影响”表述正确。B选项表示“女性仍然承受着很多由男性引起的压力”，在原文内容中并未提及，故错误；C选项表示“在应对压力方面，女性比男性更有经验”，属于断章取义，并不能根据第二段得出相关信息；D选项表示“男人和女人在面对压力时表现出不同的倾向”，与原文段落中心思想偏离，故D项也错误。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：Dr. Yehuda研究发现女性。由原文第三段第一句“Adding to

18、a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress.”可知，女性压力大的原因除了是因为激素增加导致压力大外，还因为增加了造成压力的“机会”。因此，D选项正确，A选项错误，并不是需要额外剂量的化学药品来应对压力。根据原文第三段第三句“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens”可知，女性的抗压能力要比男性强，故B选项表述正确。C选项在原文中并未提及，因此本题正确答案为D选项。3.细节事

19、实题。由原文第四段“women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.”可知，女性面临的压力多来自家庭内部，更为琐碎重复；男性的压力多是战争或者具有偶然性的动态情况。因此C选项的内容更符合原文表述。故本题正确答案为C选项。A选项表示“家庭内部的”和“暂时性的”，B选项表示“不规律的”和“暴力的

20、”，D选项表示“琐碎的和偶然的”。4.细节事实题。题干询问：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根据原文第五段“Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.”可知，Alvarez作为单身母亲，有很大的生活压力，她要照顾十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，付汽车费用，还要还债务。由此可见，她的工资早已捉襟见肘，难以覆盖家庭开支。因此本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“Alvarez只关心赚钱”，C选项表示“Alvar

21、ez做多份工作获得薪水”，D选项表示“Alvarez几乎用支票支付所有的东西”。5.主旨大意题。题干询问：“这篇文章最适合的题目是”。本文通过讲述两性在生理以及实际生活中的差异，描述了女性在压力面前的表现，侧重分析了女性压力大的主要原因。A选项没有集中于体现男女之前的差异，因此A选项错误；B选项只是表明男女之间在压力方面存在差异，并未侧重表现女性要面对更多压力；C选项表示只是属于造成压力的其中一个因素，不能概括文章全部内容。因此本题正确答案为D选项。4.单选题In the age of the Internet, readers and librarians want liberal（ ）to

22、 information on-line; authors and publishers want control over how their intellectual property is distributed.问题1选项A.acquisitionB.accessC.entranceD.absorption【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。acquisition获得物，获得；access进入，机会；entrance入口；absorption吸收，全神贯注。句意：在互联网时代，读者和图书管理员希望有机会在网上自由地获取信息;作者和出版商希望能够控制他们的知识产权分配问题。access to

23、 有权使用，有机会进入。只有B项符合句意。5.单选题According to anthropologists, people in pre-industrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution（1760-1840）whe

24、n 10-to-12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even, with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day ho

25、liday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870s, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920s.In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 19305s.

26、In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popula

27、r with workers.The Depression years of the 1930 have brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and si

28、nce that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metal workers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won

29、a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2088 hours per worker, compared to 1957 for the United States and 164

30、6 for France.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Compared to pre-industrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century（ ）.3. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the United States during the 1930s?4. Which of the f

31、ollowing is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has been declining since the nineteenth century?问题1选项A.Why people in pre-industrial societies worked few hours per weekB.Working

32、 conditions during the Industrial RevolutionC.A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industriesD.Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week问题2选项A.remained constantB.decreased slightlyC.increased significantlyD.decreased significantly问题3选项A.The

33、 United States government instituted a 3 5-hour workweek.B.Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.C.Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.D.Several people sometimes shared a single job.问题4选项A.To discourage workers from asking for increased

34、 wagesB.To allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workersC.To establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweekD.To restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek问题5选项A.The half-day holidayB.United States Steel and WestinghouseC.Henry FordD.German metalworkers【答案】

35、第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首先将前工业时代的周工时与工业革命时期的周工时进行比较，接着说明了不同年代周工时的变化。故D项“人们每周工作的时长发生了变化”正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词pre-industrial times 定位到第一段“people in pre-industrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the am

36、ount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution（1760-1840）when 10-to-12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. 前工业社会的人们每天花3到4个小时，或每周花20个小时做生活所必需的工作。然而，对每周工作量的现代比较始于工业革命（1760年至1840年），当时每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小时是常态。”据此可知19世纪每周的工作时间相比前工业时代有大幅增长。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干

37、定位到第三段“The Depression years of the 1930 have brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modern low for the United States of 35 hours. 20世纪30年代的经济大萧条带来了工作分担的概念，使人们可以到处寻找工作;在美国，每周工作时间降至35小时的现代最低点。”可知美国周工时下降的原因是一些人共同分担一个工作。故D项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词

38、“Fair Labor Standards Act ”定位到第三段“In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. 1938年，公平劳动标准法（Fair Labor Standards Act）规定，从1940年开始，每周工作时间不得超过40小时。从那以后，8小时工作制和

39、5天工作制就成了美国的标准。”由此可知该法案设定每周40小时的工作时间的目的是给美国工人提出的一个工作标准，以此限定每周的工时。故C项正确。5.细节事实题。文中有关“United States Steel and Westinghouse”的内容出现在“In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States St

40、eel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers. 1926年，他宣布从今以后他的工厂将在星期六全天关闭。当时，福特受到了美国钢铁公司（United States Steel）和西屋电气公司（Westinghouse）等其他公司的批评，但这个想法受到了工人的欢迎。”由此可知这两个公司不赞成福特周六不上班的想法。故B项不是自19世纪以来周工时削减的证据。答案B。6.单选题After a whole days heavy work，the old worker returned home,（ ）.问题1选项A.hungry an

41、d felt exhaustingB.hunger and exhaustedC.hungry and having been exhaustedD.hungry and exhausted【答案】D【解析】考查形容词作状语。题干的主语是the old worker,空格处填两个形容词来修饰主语。根据前一句“在一天的劳累工作之后”可知这个老工人是饥饿并且疲惫的。exhausting 使筋疲力尽的；exhausted疲惫的。故D项正确。句意：在经历一天的劳累工作后，这个老工人带着饥饿和疲惫回家了。7.单选题China will lower the（ ）for foreigners to come

42、 to the country and streamline procedures for them to invest and start businesses in China.问题1选项A.measureB.thresholdC.permitD.statute【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项measure表示“测量，措施，程度”，B选项threshold表示“入口，门槛，开始”，C选项permit表示“许可证，执照”，D选项statute表示“法规，法令，条例”。由后文的关键信息“streamline procedures for them to invest and star

43、t businesses in China”可知，中国会简化外国人在中国投资和创业的程序，说明中国将会降低外国人来中国的门槛。由此可知，本题正确答案为B选项。8.单选题Scientists speculate that（ ）population growth and dwindling resources may force human beings to look to the sea for food.问题1选项A.unavoidableB.unexpectedC.unrestrainedD.uncommon【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。unavoidable不可避免的；unexpec

44、ted意外的，意想不到的；unrestrained无限制的；uncommon不常见的。由后面的结果“人类将转到海洋去寻求食物”可推知原因是无限制的人口增长以及资源的不断减少。故C项正确。句意：科学家预测无限制的人口增长以及不断减少的自然资源将迫使人类往海洋寻求食物。9.单选题Colorado state lawmakers will debate a bill, which will treat cyber-bullying as（ ）.问题1选项A.humiliationB.hypocrisyC.hierarchyD.harassment【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项humili

45、ation表示“耻辱，侮辱”；B选项hypocrisy表示“虚伪，伪善”；C选项hierarchy表示“层级，等级制度”；D选项harassment表示“骚扰，烦恼”。由treatas可知，空缺处部分应为cyber-bullying（网络欺凌）的近义词，所以harassment的词义最符合，故本题正确答案为D选项。10.单选题The first stroke guidelines to specifically target women（ ）prevention earlier in life and recognize unique female risks for the disorder

46、, including pregnancy and birth control pills.问题1选项A.neglectB.avoidC.emphasizeD.admire【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect忽视；avoid避免；emphasize强调；admire钦佩，赞美。由“and recognize认识到女性患这种疾病的独特风险”可知_ prevention earlier in life也是积极性的内容，C项符合句意。句意：第一份针对早期预防女性中风的指南强调女性应该早期预防，并认识到女性患中风的独特风险，包括怀孕和避孕药。11.单选题Japan became the to

47、p investment destination for Chinese property investment in 2014 due to the（ ）of the Japanese yen.问题1选项A.attachmentB.amendmentC.depreciationD.abbreviation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项attachment表示“附件，依恋”；B选项amendment表示“修正，改正”；C选项depreciation表示“折旧，贬值”；D选项abbreviation表示“缩写，简写”。由原文句意可知，2014年日本成为中国房地产投资的首选投资目的地是

48、因为日元（ ）。因此，depreciation最符合句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。12.单选题“Under no circumstances（ ）the Senates raising the debt ceiling with just 50 votes.” The senator said, insisting meaningful spending reforms before raising the debt ceiling.问题1选项A.will I agree toB.I will agree toC.agree to I willD.I will agree to【答案】A【解析

49、】考查倒装句的用法。分析句子结构可知，题目中包含倒装结构，Under no circumstances置于句首，句子出现部分倒装，这时will应提前到主语之前。因此本题正确答案为A选项。13.单选题Among the 74 cities monitored for air quality standards, the level of PM 2.5 fell by 11.1%（ ）in 2014, but only 8 met the national standard for clean air, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said F

50、riday.问题1选项A.in consequenceB.at all costsC.on averageD.in the extreme【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。A选项in consequence表示“因此，结果”，B选项at all costs表示“无论如何，不惜一切代价”，C选项on average表示“平均，普通，通常”，D选项in the extreme表示“非常，极度”。由句意可知，在进行空气质量标准监测的74个城市中，2014年PM2.5水平（ ）下降了11.1%，所以只有C选项词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。14.单选题Galaxy clusters

51、are the most massive structures in the universe and exert such a powerful（ ）pull that they warp the space time around them and act as cosmic lenses that can magnify, distort and bend the light behind them.问题1选项A.gravitationalB.exceptionalC.motivationalD.sensational【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gravitational

52、表示“重力的，引力的”；B选项exceptional表示“超常的，异常的，例外的”；C选项motivational表示“动机的，激发性的”；D选项sensational表示“轰动的，耸人听闻的，使人感动的”。由句意可知，星系团是宇宙中最巨大的结构，它能产生巨大的引力，扭曲周围的时空，就像宇宙透镜一样放大、扭曲和弯曲后面的光线。因此，A选项gravitational的含义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。15.单选题No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first dut

53、y to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.There have been and may again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where there is a tacit convention that p

54、rinciples are not to be disputed, where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects

55、 which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.She who knows only her own side of the case knows little o

56、f that. Her reasons may be good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she is equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side, if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of

57、 judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should hear the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them,

58、 and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them, who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must kno

59、w them in their most plausible and persuasive form: she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred

60、 of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and con