2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号6

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题John made（）keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.问题1选项A.deviateB.duplicateC.dozenD.deliberate【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。deviate偏离的；duplicate复制的；dozen一打；deliberate故意的。句意：约翰复制了两把房子的钥匙,一把给妻子,一把给自己。选项B符合句意。2.单选题A

2、 land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply-all these were important（1）in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. （2）they were not enough. Something （3）was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men （4）indivi

3、duals who could invent machines, find new（5）of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who（6）the machines of the Industrial Revolution（7）from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were （8）inventors than scientists. A man who is a（9）scientist is primarily

4、interested in doing his research（10）. He is not necessarily working （11）that his findings can be used.An investor or one interested in applied science is（12）trying to make something that has a concrete （13）. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories（14）science or by experimenting through t

5、rial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a（15）result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of （16）other objectives.Most of the people who（17）the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were

6、both scientists and investors. Even those who had（18）or no training in science might not have made their inventions（19）a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years（20）.问题1选项A.casesB.reasonsC.factorsD.situations问题2选项A.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.Even问题3选项A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar问题4选项A.generatingB.e

7、ffectiveC.motivatingD.creative问题5选项A.originsB.sourcesC.basesD.discoveries问题6选项A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled问题7选项A.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared问题8选项A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse问题9选项A.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.clever问题10选项A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accurately问题11选项A.nowB.andC

8、.allD.so问题12选项A.seldomB.sometimesC.usuallyD.never问题13选项A.planB.useC.ideaD.means问题14选项A.ofB.withC.toD.as问题15选项A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific问题16选项A.fewB.thoseC.manyD.all问题17选项A.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offered问题18选项A.littleB.muchC.someD.any问题19选项A.asB.ifC.becauseD.while问题20选项A.agoB.pastC

9、.aheadD.before【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:D第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）名词辨析题。case事例, 案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形势, 状况。根据原文上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。（2）考查逻辑连接词。根据上下文：上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。但是这些远远不够，此处应该填入表转折的连词，所以选项A正确。（3）形容词辨析题。else意为“其

10、他, 别的”；extra意为“额外的, 外加的”。文中表达的是“也需要其他条件”, 而不是“额外条件”, 所以选A。（4）形容词辨析题。根据下一句, 他们能够发明机器, 说明人类是具有创造性的个体, 选项D正确。（5）名词辨析题。origin“起因, 由来”；sources“来源, 根源”；base“基础”；discovery“发现”。根据原文, 找到新的权力来源符合逻辑。（6）上下文推断题。根据上句的“invent machines”以及下文的“inventors”可知这里应选create。句意：这些人发明了工业革命的机器。选项B正确。（7）动词辨析题。come from“出自, 来自”,

11、与后面background搭配,意为“出于背景”。stem from意为“起源于”；选项B、C不与from搭配。所以选项A正确。（8）考查固定搭配。morethan是固定搭配, 意为“与其说不如”。句意：“与其说他们是科学家,不如说是发明家”。（9）形容词辨析题。genuine“真正的”, practical“实际的”, pure“纯粹的, 单纯的”, clever“聪明的”。句意：“一个纯粹的科学家主要致力于精确地进行科学研究。”（10）副词辨析题。happily快乐地；occasionally间或, 偶尔；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精确地。原文指科学家致力于精确地

12、进行科学研究。选项D符合原文。（11）考查固定搭配。so that是固定搭配, 表目的。原文指：他并不一定是为了利用他的发现而工作。所以选项D正确。（12）副词辨析题。句意:“一个投资者或热衷于应用科学的人通常试图创造有使用价值的东西。” 选项C符合原文。（13）上下文推断题。根据下文“solve a problem by using the theories”可推测，这里指：做一些实用的东西，所以选项B正确。（14）介词辨析题。theories of science指“科学的理论”。句意：他可能试图用科学的理论或通过反复试验来解决问题。选项A符合句意。（15）形容词辨析题。single“单独

13、的,一个人”；sole“独有的, 单一的”；specialized“专门的”;specific“明确的”。根据句意：“他为了明确的结果而工作”。选项D正确。（16）上下文推断题。根据原文句意：他为了明确的结果而工作，收割机的建设，灯泡的燃烧，或许多其他目的之一。这里指“许多其他目的中的一个”。所以选项C符合原文。（17）动词辨析题。develop除了发展, 还有“研制、开发”的意思, 句意：工业革命中发明机器的大多数人都是发明家，而不是训练有素的科学家。选项B符合原文。（18）上下文推断题。根据下文的“no training”可知填空处也应该填入否定意义的词, 只有little符合题意。（19

14、）考查逻辑连接词。句意：“ 没有科学家早年打下的基础, 那些在科学上接受过很少或没有接受过教育的人就不可能有所发明创造”。if“如果, 假使”符合原文, 表示虚拟。（20）副词辨析题。ago只与一般过去时连用, 表示从现在角度看过去的某一时间；before用于过去完成时, 表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作。这里指多年以前，且时态为过去完成时，所以选项D正确。3.翻译题名牌大学享受着绝大部分的政府教育拨款, 而地方大学只能依靠市场的力量, 这就意味着他们必须要招收更多的学生以确保财政收入。这种逐渐加大的差距必然会导致地方大学教育质量下滑, 这些地方学校严重缺乏富有经验的优秀教师。更糟糕的是, 这些

15、学校都喜欢开设一些”软专业, 比如说, 会计, 金融, 公共事业管理, 国际贸易, 外语等等。这些时髦的专业不需要太多财资就可以开设, 从而使得学校珂以容纳下这些年的扩招学生。这些专业的毕业生过去受到就业市场的欢迎。然而, 由于这些专业的毕业生日益增多, 使得供需之间产生严重不平衡的现象。【答案】The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage in terms of higher concentration of public resources while the local ones are largely left to rely

16、on market forces, which means that they have to take in more students in order to secure their revenue. This widening gap inevitably led to deterioration of the quality of higher education in many local colleges, which suffer from a severe shortage of qualified and experienced teaching staff. Worse

17、still, many of these colleges favored adding“soft”programs, e.g., accounting, business/public administration, international commerce, foreign languages, etc. These popular programs require modest resources, thus providing an effective means for fast expansion. Graduates of these programs used to be

18、welcomed into the job market. However, the proliferation of these programs has created a huge discrepancy between the supply and demand side.4.单选题The residents,（）had been damaged by the flood, got help from the Red Cross.问题1选项A.all of whose homesC. all their homesB.C. all their homesB.C.all their ho

19、mesB.all whose homesD.all of their homes【答案】A【解析】从句中表示物的所有格时用of which,并且可与whose互换。所以首先排除选项C和D。选项B表错误，所以本题选A。句意：所有房屋都被洪水毁坏的居民都得到了红十字会的帮助。5.单选题The river is already（）its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.问题1选项A.parallel toB.level toC.flat onD.flush with

20、【答案】D【解析】parallel to平行,类似；level不与to搭配；flat也不与介词on搭配；flush with齐平,同高。句意：由于雨水过多，河水已经和堤岸齐平了，这座城市可能面临洪水的威胁。选项D符合句意。6.单选题The establishment of Earth Day began with an idea proposed in October 1969 by John McConnell, a San Francisco resident. McConnell approached the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with

21、 a resolution to devote one day a year to public awareness dedicated to nature and the weak ecosystem that makes up it. The days events would emphasize the urgency of all inhabitants of the planet to take responsibility for building a healthy and ecologically sustainable planet for the present and l

22、ong into the future. The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox. McConnell stated “This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earthreminding us of Earths beautiful system of bala

23、nce which humanity has partially upset and must restore.” Earth day was established as a national day of celebration in the United States in 1970 and was embraced by the United Nations in 1971 when it declared an Earth Day ceremony to be held each year on the day of the March Equinox. When the first

24、 Earth Day was celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970, twenty million participants nationwide took part in teach-ins, street demonstrations, and workshops in 2,000 communities and 12,000 colleges and high school campuses. The major public concern at that time was industrial pollution and

25、its effect on the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the health of the planet was live in. those celebrations led to powerful public outcries for legislation mandating ecologically sound environmental policies and rigid controls on industrial pollution. Over the years, the issues of concern hav

26、e expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution. Whether it comes from vehicles, factories, agriculture, housing, or private property, public concern and activism continues with citizens from around the world involved in efforts to achieve a sustainable and enduring ecosyste

27、m.Earth Day activities are supported and sponsored by a large network of organizations, government agencies, businesses, universities, and institutions. They work diligently each year to make Earth day events meaningful and relevant to the inhabitants of Planet Earth. The regular observance of this

28、holiday fixes environmental values into the national consciousness and provides an opportunity to introduce environmental issues into schools, media and public events. It should be noted that Earth Day activities have been instrumental in bringing about many of the significant environmental changes

29、that have taken place in the last three decades.1.This passage is mainly concerned with（）2.According to the passage, on March 21, （）3.Which of the following dates is definitely an international Earth Day?4.Which of the following statements is correct?5.It can be concluded that（）问题1选项A.how to start a

30、 national holidayB.when the Earth day was introducedC.the reasons for establishing the Earth DayD.the origin and movement of the Earth Day问题2选项A.the board accepted the proposal of McConnellB.the United Nations declared an Earth Day celebrationC.day and night are equally divided throughout the worldD

31、.the earth is at its most beautiful moment throughout the year问题3选项A.October 1, 1969.B.March 21, 1970.C.April 22, 1970.D.March 21, 1972.问题4选项A.Only college students and scholars participated in the activities on the first Earth Day.B.The movement has grown from concern over industrial pollution to a

32、ll kinds of environmental pollution.C.Some people cry for the abandonment of all vehicles and agriculture because of their pollution.D.A sustainable and enduring ecosystem should be maintained at the cost of housing and private property.问题5选项A.many organizations and businesses suffer vast losses as

33、a result of Earth Day campaignB.people have learned to use Earth Day activities as instrument to acquire what they wantC.supporters work hard to make the whole nation aware of Earth Day events by publicizing them in mediaD.Earth Day activities have succeeded in changing our environment over the past

34、 years【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 第一段主要是讲世界地球日的由来以及活动；第二段主要是讲地球日活动举办的意义。所以选项D正确。选项A表述错误, 选项B和 C不全面。2.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段第四句“The board was impressed with McConnells idea and declared Earth Day an annual celebration to be held on March 21, the date of the vernal equinox.”可知3月21号是春分。

35、然后接下来的一句话“This is the moment when night and day are equal throughout the earth.”说明春分这一天地球上昼夜时长相等。所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Earth day was established.on the day of the March Equinox.”可知, 1971年, 联合国宣布每年3月春分那天举行地球日庆祝活动, 地球日因此受到联合国的欢迎。但是每年的春分在阳历里面的日子是不固定的, 所以并不是每年的3月21号都是地球日。根据下文“When the first Earth Day w

36、as celebrated in the United States on April 22, 1970,”可知, 1970 年 4 月 22 号是美国庆祝的第一个地球日。所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第一段可知, 第一次地球日活动有两千万人参与, 但并没有说只是学生和教员, only表述错误, 选项A错误。第一段的倒数第二句“Over the years, the issues of concern have expanded greatly into aspects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution.”可知, 人们关心的问题已扩展到空气

37、、水、土壤和噪音污染等方面。所以选项B符合原文。选项C和D在文中都没提及。5.判断推理题。选项A文中只提到很多组织和公司都在支持地球日活动, 并没有提及他们因活动造成了巨大损失。选项B人们庆祝地球日不是为了自己的利益, 而是为了生态环保, 表述错误。选项C原文提到三种手段, 所以这里表达不全面。选项D符合原文最后一句话, 正确。7.单选题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as（）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having be

38、en createdD.to be created【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.单选题The people were annoyed by the（）supply of electricity and water in summer.问题1选项A.insufficientB.integralC.inferiorD.indisp

39、ensable【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等级低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人们对夏天水电供应不足感到烦恼。选项A符合句意。9.单选题The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.问题1选项A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。reasonable明理的,理智的；ripe成熟的

40、；ready准备好的；practical实际的,现实的。根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。选项B符合句意。句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。10.单选题I apologize if I（）you, but I assure you it was unintentional.问题1选项A.offendC. had offendedB.C. had offendedB.C.had offendedB.should have offendedD.might have offended【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句的是对过去的事情的虚拟，所以从句中时态应

41、为过去完成时。选项C正确。11.单选题Your improper words will give（）to doubts concerning your true intentions.问题1选项A.riseB.reasonC.suspicionD.impulse【答案】A【解析】give rise to为固定搭配,表示“使.发生,引发”。句意：不恰当的话语会使人对你的真实意图产生怀疑。12.单选题I sent invitations to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.

42、of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。选项A重复,选项C表述正确。13.单选题Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents（）at the time.问题1选项A.had been illB.were illC.would have be

43、en illD.should have been ill【答案】B【解析】语法题。句子是对过去的虚拟,但“父母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式had been,直接用过去式即可,选项B正确。14.单选题He stood（）among a thousand dimly imagined possibilities.问题1选项A.falteringB.waveringC.pausingD.hesitating【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。faltering蹒跚,犹豫的,支吾的；wavering摇摆的,犹豫不决；pause暂停,踌躇；hesitating犹豫的。句意：他在一千种模模糊糊想象出来的

44、可能性中犹豫不决。选项B符合句意。15.单选题I tried to（）a hint but you didnt notice.问题1选项A.suggestB.dropC.nodD.let【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配题。drop a hint意为暗示。句意：我试着暗示你,但你没注意到。16.单选题My neighbors on either side of me have painted their houses,（）of course makes my house look shabbier than it really is.问题1选项A.thatB.asC.whoD.which【答案】D

45、【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。which指代前面的整个句子,对主句起附加说明的作用。句意：我两边的邻居都粉刷了他们的房子,这使我的房子看起来比实际更破旧。17.单选题（）to speak when the audience interrupted him.问题1选项A.No sooner had he begunC. Hardly had he begunB.C. Hardly had he begunB.C.Hardly had he begunB.Not until beganD.Scarcely did he begin【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配题。Hardly .when.表示“一

46、.就.”。句意：他刚一开始说话,观众就打断了他。18.翻译题中国己经进入了为实现四个现代化而奋斗的新时期。这对体育工作者提出了 新的自标，这就是：在城乡普及体育运动，建立一支业务精湛的运动员和体育工作 者队伍，把运动技能提高到世界水平，提供现代化的体育运动设备，使中国成为 体育大国。 中国将加强和各国体育界的联系，积极参加国际体育组织举办的各种活动。中 国不但要再次承办亚运会，还要承办奥运会。 【答案】China has entered into the new period in which it is striving to achieve the four modernizations.

47、 This has set a new goal for physical culture workers, that is, to make sports popular both in the cities and the countryside so as to build up a contingent of sportsmen and physical culture workers who are vocationally proficient, to bring technical performance up to the worlds top level, and to pr

48、ovide modem sports facilities, thus enabling the country to become a major sports power in the world.China will strengthen ties with sports circles of other countries in the world and take an active part in various activities sponsored by international sports organizations. It will also undertake su

49、ch obligations as acting as the host country not only for more Asian Games but also for the Olympic Games.19.单选题While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.问题1选项A.be attackedB.were attackedC.are to be attackedD.would be attacked【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。Le

50、st是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。其后接的状语从句常用should+动词原形。should可以省略。所以选项A正确。句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。20.单选题The decision（）, the next problem was how to introduce a new budget.问题1选项A.being madeB.having madeC.was madeD.having been made【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：作了决定以后,下一个问题是如何引进新的预算。make与the decision之间为被动关系,首先排除选项B；后面的句子成

51、分完整,如果填入选项C的话,缺少连词,所以排除。根据句意可知,应该是先做完决定,然后再引进预算,所以这里应该用完成时,选项D正确。21.单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Econ

52、omic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about how much to spend and for what purpo

53、ses, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us for both those who are discri

54、minated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also impo

55、rtant to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals wi

56、th the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to

57、 the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is gene

58、rally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encom

59、passes services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragr

60、aph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Economic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about some polici