2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号58

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题He is holding （ ）a position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.问题1选项A.subordinateB.succeedingC.successiveD.subsequent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。subordinate从属的，下级的；succeeding 随后的，接着的；successive连续的，交替的；subsequent随后的。

2、根据下句“expects to be promoted soon”希望不久能得到提升，说明他在公司担任下级的职务，所以选项A符合句意。2.单选题He will live （ ） what his parents expect of him.问题1选项A.onB.offC.up toD.to【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配live up to “不辜负，达到”，live on “以为食”；live off “依靠生活”；live to “活到岁”，句子要表达的意思是“他将不会辜负父母对他的期望”，因此选项C符合题意。3.单选题During the operas most famous a

3、ria, the tempo chosen by the orchestras conductor seemed （ ）, without necessary relation to what had gone before.问题1选项A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.moderation【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的，冗长乏味的；melodious旋律优美的；capricious反复无常的，任性的；moderation适度，节制。句意：在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意，与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语

4、境。4.单选题Not until the game had begun （ ）at the sports ground.问题1选项A.had he arrivedB.would he have arrivedC.did he arriveD.should he have arrived【答案】C【解析】语法（倒装结构和时态）题。Not until表示否定意义，位于句首时，主句部分需要部分倒装。从句中的谓语动词had begun为过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以C选项正确。5.单选题The professor could

5、hardly find sufficient grounds （ ）his arguments in favor of the new theory.问题1选项A.to be based onB.to base onC.which to base onD.on which to base【答案】D【解析】语法（定语从句）题。分析题目可知，空白处填入的词语是引导定语从句，修饰先行词grounds,所以排除A选项和B选项。因为连接词which在从句中作介词宾语，所以前面需要一个介词，D选项正确。6.单选题If I didnt know the word, I had to a （ ）diction

6、ary.问题1选项A.look outB.make outC.refer toD.go over【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项look out “（表示警告，尤指有危险）小心，当心，留神”；B选项make out “理解，辨认”；C选项refer to“涉及，与相关，查阅，参考”；D选项go over “复习，仔细检查”。根据前一句句意我不认识这个单词，以及空格后“a dictionary词典”可知C选项refer to“查阅，参考”正确。7.单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe lat

7、er.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea later.D.To drink something else.【答案】A【解析】根据男士的回答“Not now, thanks. Maybe later.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项一会儿再喝正确。8.单选题We need to be more（ ） to the needs of the young students.问题1选项A.sensitive

8、B.sensationalC.sensoryD.sensible【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的”；sensational “轰动的，耸人听闻的”；sensory “感知的，知觉的”；sensible “明智的，通情达理的”。句意：我们需要对青年学生的需求更加敏感。因此选项A符合题意。9.单选题W: Do you mind if I take a couple of hours off this afternoon?M: OK, but what for?Q: What is the woman asking for?问题1选项A.AdviceB.LeaveC.T

9、imeD.Reason.【答案】B【解析】题目中“take a couple of hours off”的意思是“请几个小时的假”，和B选项的“ask for leave”意思相同，B选项正确。10.单选题You will see this product （ ）wherever you go.问题1选项A.to be advertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising【答案】B【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰this product。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定

10、语，B选项正确。11.单选题If I had a car of my own, I（ ）it to your sister yesterday.问题1选项A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据yesterday可知, 这里是对过去情况的虚拟。从句为had+过去分词, 主句应该用would have+过去分词。所以选项D正确。12.单选题A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, court

11、eous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the U

12、S. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another

13、. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

14、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Toda

15、y there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with th

16、is American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of

17、 a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultu

18、ral patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief en

19、counter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1.The word “observation” in the first paragraph most probably means （ ）.2.People in frontier settlements

20、 used to entertain travelers because these strangers would（ ）.3.Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that（ ）.问题1选项A.attention.B.watchfulness.C.survey.D.opinion.问题2选项A

21、.bring good news from outside world.B.help locals solve their problems.C.bring a change to the life in the settlements.D.requires a different definition.问题3选项A.is still prevailing.B.can rarely be seenC.is wading fastD.requires a different definition问题4选项A.People are still fond of traveling to remote

22、 places.B.Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C.There is no charitable organization in small cities.D.Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding Americans friendliness.问题5选项A.the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its cultureB.var

23、ious virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsC.culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationshipsD.courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.词义题。根据第一段的内容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的认为大多数美国人和加拿大人友好，礼貌和乐于助人的观点。所以选项D正

24、确。2.推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，边境地区人们的生活通常是单调乏味的，所以他们喜欢招待旅行者或陌生人，因为这些陌生人和旅行者不仅带来了消遣，还带来了外部世界的消息。也就是说，给他们的生活带来了些许改变，所以选项C正确。选项A表述太片面；选项B和D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第四段第二句“Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US.”招待陌生人的古老传统在美国仍然非常盛行。选项A符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Such observations

25、reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.”到美国旅游的人持有这样的观点并不罕见，但并不总是能够正确的理解。也就是说，到美国来旅游的游客很难理解美国人的友好。选项D与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，第一句为本段的主旨句“As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventi

26、ons underlies all social interrelationships.”正如任何发达社会一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了所有社会关系的基础。也就是说，文化对社会关系有很大的影响。选项C符合原文。13.单选题Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is （ ）.问题1选项A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项gr

27、ant “（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予”；B选项imply “暗示，说明”；C选项exaggerate“夸张，夸大”；D选项remedy “纠正，改进”。根据前一句句意“大部分广播机构认为，对电视的职责是不公平的”，确定and后面的句意应是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C选项正确。14.单选题Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply（ ）.问题1选项A.descendedB.slippedC.lessenedD.declined【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。descend “下降，下倾（数量）”；slip “使滑动”；lesse

28、n “使变小，使减轻”；decline “下降，拒绝”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此选项D符合题意。15.单选题The sound of footsteps on the bare floor （ ）the downstairs neighbors.问题1选项A.disturbedB.interruptedC.annoyedD.irritated【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。disturb妨碍，打扰；interrupt打断；annoy打搅，惹恼；irritate激怒。句意：踩在地板上的脚步声打扰了楼下的邻居。选项A符合语境。16.问答题The museum is closed th

29、is afternoon. (There is)【答案】There is no museum available this afternoon.17.单选题To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most

30、important of all, endless determination.Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you

31、 read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which

32、 the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what youve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to

33、which all software writers adhered!Since you cant rely on your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gent

34、ly on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When

35、learning to use a new software package you may probably feel （ ）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （ ）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software m

36、anuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” underlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （ ）”.问题1选项A.frustratedB.encouragedC.engrossedD.dismayed问题2选项A.how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycleB.it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycleC.how difficult it is to learn a new software p

37、ackageD.to leam to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to leam a new software package问题3选项A.All software packages are made by the same software company.B.The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages.C.There are some standards to which all software writers adhere.D.There is a committee

38、which examines all software packages.问题4选项A.They have complicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding.B.They are printed in very small characters.C.Their instructions and explanations are too simple.D.They are written with the beginner in mind.问题5选项A.confusingB.clearC.complicatedD

39、.involved【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问当你学习使用一个新的软件包时，你可能会觉得。根据文章第二段中第二句 “But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like wh

40、en you use a new software package. 但是想象一下，如果你必须在思想上做出调整，如果你每次阅读不同出版商的书时都必须以不同的方式阅读，这将是多么令人沮丧的一件事，而这正是你使用新软件包时的情况。”确定A选项懊恼的，沮丧的正确。2.推理判断题。题干询问作者提到的自行车车把的反作用，是为了显示。骑特技自行车的例子在文章第三段。第一句是该段的中心句，然后骑特技自行车的例子是为了论证这一句，所以答案在中心句找。“You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software r

41、unning takes ages. 你可以在一分钟内读完一本好书，但让新软件运行起来需要很长时间。”确定C选项学习一个新的软件包有多难。3.细节事实题。题干询问根据作者的观点，软件包如何变得对用户更容易?。根据文章第三段中的最后一句 “How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered! 如果有一些所有软件作者都遵循的标准，那该多容易啊!”确定C选项所有软件作者都遵循一些标准。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，软件手册中最常见的问题是什么?。根据文章最后

42、一段中的第三句“But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. 但是大多数人都认为你已经是专家了，并且有复杂的解释，这些解释只会让你困惑和恼怒。”确定A选项他们的解释很复杂，你根本无法理解正确。5.词汇题。题干询问第4段下划线的“explicit”一词可能是指。“explicit”出现在文章最后一段的第二句话中。该句中与“have explicit instruction”并列的是“with the beg

43、inner in mind站在初学者的角度”，而后文中是用but表示相反意思的 “But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations但是大部分的使用手册都认为你是该领域的专业人员，手册中的解释都非常复杂”，所以该词是与complicated词义相反，B选项清楚的正确。18.单选题No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything （ ）going on in the world.问题1选项A.it

44、isB.as isC.there isD.what is【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知“going on in the world”为定语从句修饰先行词everything，且关系代词that可省，所以选用there be句型，表示 “世界上正在发生的”。句意：没有人有时间去读或去听关于这个世界正在发生的所有事情19.单选题The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents （ ）on sounding reasoning.问题1选项A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than【答案】B

45、【解析】词组辨析题。more than不仅仅；rather than而不是；other than除了.不同于.；better than超过，好于.。句意：这个独裁者依靠的是辱骂反对者，而不是有力的说服。所以选项B正确。20.单选题It was clear that the small grocer was（ ）people he owed money to.问题1选项A.at the expense ofB.at the risk ofC.in the way ofD.at the mercy of【答案】D【解析】词组辨析。at the expense of “以为代价”；at the ri

46、sk of “冒着的危险”；in the way of “妨碍，关于的方面”；at the mercy of “受支配”。句意：很明显，这个小杂货商受他债主的支配。因此选项D符合题意。21.单选题The dentists confident manner （ ）me that I was in safe hands.问题1选项A.insuredB.assuredC.ensuredD.secured【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合

47、句意；选项B assure sb. sth.或assure sb.+that从句，意为使某人确信，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensure sth. to sb.，所以选项B正确。22.问答题The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully, (consideration)【答案】The manager has asked me to take this proposal into consideration carefully.23.单选题Japan is one of only three countries that n

48、ow hunt whales and （ ）the government says it is an important cultural tradition.问题1选项A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.where【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。题干中and表示并列关系，连接两个并列的定语从句修饰先行词countries。后一定语从句的主语the government与先行词countries不等同，并且由于有定冠词the，所以关系词不能是whose，而只能是表地点的关系副词where。句意：日本是目前仅有的三个捕鲸国家之一，日本政府表示，捕鲸是一项重要的文化传统。因此D选项符合题意

49、。24.问答题Dont touch those wires in any circumstances. (Under)【答案】Dont touch those wires under any circumstances.25.单选题The suggestion that the mayor （ ）the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.would presentB.presentC.presentsD.ought to present【答案】B【解析】语法（虚拟语气）题。suggestion 做主语的句子，是虚拟语气的用法，从句用should +动

50、词原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B选项正确。26.单选题Newspapers in the 1920s and the 1930s offered their readers gifts to increase their （ ）.问题1选项A.circulationB.contributionC.regulationD.advocation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项circulation “(报刊)发行量，销售量”；B选项contribution “捐 资，贡献”；C选项regulation“规则，管理”；D选项advocation“拥护，支持”。根据空格前

51、“offered their readers gifts为读者提供礼物”可知报纸行业是通过増加发行量为读者提供礼物A选项正确。27.单选题To make the best and the most efficient use of your time and to achieve your goals, start each day by （ ）your agenda.问题1选项A.holding onB.making outC.keeping onD.taking down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。hold on等一下，继续；make out理解，辨认出，设法应付；keep on继续；t

52、ake down记下。句意：为了最大限度、最有效地利用你的时间并实现你的目标，你需要开始每天记录你的日程。选项D符合句意。28.单选题W: Good to see you. You look fatter and better.M: Thanks. I had a lot of exercise and drank vegetable juice every day.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?问题1选项A.The man used to be unhealthyB.The man doesnt have as much exercis

53、e as he used to.C.The man ate a lot every day.D.The man has become a better person【答案】D【解析】根据女士的话“你看起来更胖，更好了。”可知D选项这个人变得更好了正确。29.单选题M: Well, what did you think of Mr. Brokaws speech?W: I guess it was OK, but I was often in the dark in more ways than one!Q: What do we learn from the conversation?问题1选

54、项A.The speech was given in the evening.B.The woman didnt quite understand the speech.C.The woman was somewhat in a dark place.D.The woman couldnt hear the speech clearly【答案】B【解析】对话中的“in the dark”的引申含义是女士没有听懂演讲，所以B选项正确。30.单选题The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activi

55、ty was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to e

56、xploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity.

57、Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build ca

58、bins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his grea

59、t book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded,

60、 with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.1.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of （ ）.2.To Thoreau the best solution to the p