2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号95

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题This problem should be discussed first for it takes（ ） over all the other issues.问题1选项A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D

2、选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（ ）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。2.翻译题面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结

3、构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。【答案】In a world facing volatile economic situation, we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. What has happened since the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven year sago proves that to work in unity is the surest

4、 way for countries to get over the difficulties. We are all interdependent in this world. While we each have the right to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need to strengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests and achieve common development. A

5、n European proverb says, “when the wind of change blows, some build walls, while others build windmills.” We need to act along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely reject protectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. We need to build global value chains, a

6、nd seize the opportunity of a new technological revolution. While the international community agree on the importance of macro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead with structural reform.Structural reform must be carried through no matter how difficult it is, as it is

7、 an effective way to foster conditions conducive to global innovation and bring about new momentum for global development.3.单选题There is a general（ ）that pouring old wine into the same bottles is the wrong way to go.问题1选项A.consensusB.censusC.neglectedD.negligible【答案】A【解析】考查。A选项consensus“一致，舆论，合意”；B选项

8、census“人口普查，人口调查”；C选项neglected“被忽视的，无人照管的”；D选项negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：人们_认为，把陈年的酒倒进同一个瓶子里是错误的做法。这里表达的意思是“人们都普遍（一致）认为”，因此A选项符合题意。4.单选题At the party we found that the shy girl（ ）her mother all the time.问题1选项A.depending onB.coinciding withC.adheringD.clinging to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项depending on“取决于，根据”

9、；B选项coinciding with“符合，与一致”；C选项adhering“附着”；D选项clinging to“坚持，依靠，依附”。句意：在聚会上我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直（ ）她的母亲。通过判断句意可以得知意思应该是“小女孩很害羞，所以一直挨着妈妈”，只有C选项可以表达这种具象的依靠，因此C选项符合题意。5.翻译题Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriagetwenty something professionals or widowed senior cit

10、izens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone. The newest crop of singles is high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as life style choices. Living alone was conceived to be negativedark and cold, while being togethe

11、r suggested warmth and light.【答案】以前独自生活的人都是一些处在婚姻生活之两端的人们20多岁的专业人员或寡居的老人。领取养老金的人，特别是上了年纪的妇女，构成了独自生活人群的绝大多数；而新一批单身族则是30到40岁高收入人士，他们日益认为独自生活是一种生活方式的选择。独自生活被认为是消极的黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活则意味着温暖与光明。6.单选题Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airport.问题1选项A.resultedB.obligedC.demanded

12、D.recommended【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resulted“结果；导致”，B选项obliged“迫使；强制；赐”，C选项demanded“强烈要求；需要”，D选项recommended“推荐，介绍；劝告”，根据题意可知：旅客们由于航班取消不得不在机场过夜，B选项oblige有“被迫；事实逼迫人不得不”的含义，因此B选项符合题意。7.单选题Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities

13、. References to software usually indicate a set of instructions. A broader application of the term includes any no hardware element of a computer system: programs, written documentation to accompany programs, flow charts, and user manuals, for example. The latter use of the term is rare.Software is

14、now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed software). Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.Earl

15、y computer users thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system. Users of medium to large scale computer system. Still rely heavily on programs developed, tested,

16、 and perfected by their own programmers.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs. These packages have represented significant portions of the p

17、urchases or lease price of systems.The microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s brought with it the concept of the commercial software publisher (software house). Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software f

18、or microcomputers were especially numerous. Major hardware manufacturers began to market software produced by these software specialists with the systems. The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. Because of the ease with which users could dup

19、licate software, software prices remained high. Yet, these high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and competition have increased a quality of both programs and instructional materials.1.According to the passage, the most commonly used definition

20、 of software is（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?3.Large to medium scale computer manufacturers（ ）.4.Since the microcomputer revolution in the early 1980s,（ ）.5.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.complicated information processing activitiesB.any no hardware element of a c

21、omputer systemC.a set of instructionsD.flow charts and user manuals问题2选项A.Now hardware manufacturers also develop and market software.B.Early computer users had no choice but to develop their own software.C.Software is now available for the microcomputer user even from bookstores.D.Early computer ma

22、nufacturers also developed and marketed software.问题3选项A.rely heavily on software developed by their customersB.used to include software with the system packageC.can make changes for software to meet customer needsD.sell their system packages at very low prices问题4选项A.commercial software publishers ha

23、ve gradually disappearedB.major hardware manufacturer began to develop their own softwareC.many companies stopped the development of software for large computersD.there have been numerous choices of software for microcomputer users问题5选项A.it will cost a great deal more for computer users to develop t

24、heir own software than buy itB.software prices remained high because it was not easy to develop any softwareC.it is very difficult for users to duplicate softwareD.software has long been of high quality due to experience and competition【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句Referen

25、ces to software usually indicate a set of instructions.（对软件的引用通常表示一组指令。）因此可以看出最常见的定义就是一组指令，C选项“一组指令”正确。A选项“复杂的信息处理活动”，在第一段的第一句Contemporary office technology requires software or programs to carry out complicated information processing activities.（现代办公技术需要软件或程序来进行复杂的信息处理活动。）它并不是软件的定义；B选项“计算机系统的任何非硬件元

26、素”和D选项“流程图和用户手册”，在第一段A broader application of the term includes.for example. The latter use of the term is rare.（这个术语的更广泛的应用包括计算机系统的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴随程序的书面文档、流程图和用户手册。后一种用法很少见。）但是原文说了这一种用法很少见，因此错误。2.判断推理题。根据题干选项关键词定位到第三段第一句话Early computer users thought in terms of developing. form the computer system.（早

27、期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）因此B选项“早期的计算机用户别无选择，只能开发自己的软件”是不正确的。A选项“现在硬件制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第二段的第一句Software is now available from a variety of sources: hardware manufacturers and vendors, software houses (firms that develop and market software), and staff programmers (user developed s

28、oftware).软件现在可以从各种来源获得：硬件制造商和供应商、软件公司（开发和销售软件的公司）和职员程序员（用户开发软件）。A项正确；C选项“现在微机用户甚至可以从书店买到软件”，在第二段的第二句Office supply houses, computer shops, and even bookstores market packaged software for the microcomputer market.（办公用品店、电脑店，甚至书店都向微机市场出售打包的软件。）C选项正确；D选项“早期的计算机制造商也开发和销售软件”，在第三段的第一句Early computer users

29、thought in terms of developing their own software or using software developed by computer manufactures to perform the information processing activities desired form the computer system.（早期计算机用户的想法是开发自己的软件或使用计算机制造商开发的软件来执行所需的计算机系统信息处理活动。）可见之前的制造商也开发并销售软件，D选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到倒数第二段第一句话Large to m

30、edium scale computer manufacturers or vendors have traditionally included software with the system package, sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs.（大型到中型计算机制造商或供应商传统上在系统包中包括软件，有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）因此B选项“过去常常在系统包中包含软件”正确。A选项“严重依赖客户开发的软件”，在倒数第三段的最后一句话Still

31、 rely heavily on programs developed, tested, and perfected by their own programmers.（仍然严重依赖由他们自己的程序员开发、测试和完善的程序。）依赖的是程序员开发的软件而不是客户；C选项“可以对软件进行更改以满足客户的需求”，在倒数第二段的第一句sometimes provide alterations necessary to customize the programs to user needs.（有时提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以满足用户的需要。）可以看出只是偶尔会这么做；D选项“以很低的价格出售他们的系

32、统软件包”，这个是文章没有给出具体说法的。4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段第二句话Companies were formed to engage in writing and marketing software for all types and sizes of computers, but those producing software for microcomputers were especially numerous.（公司的成立是为了从事为各种类型和大小的计算机编写和销售软件，但是那些为微型计算机生产软件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微机革命之后，关于计算机软件的

33、公司增多了，D选项“微型计算机用户有许多软件可供选择”正确。A选项“商业软件出版商已经逐渐消失”，原文并没有说它消失了；B选项“主要的硬件制造商开始开发自己的软件”， 文章没有具体提到这点；C选项“许多公司停止了大型计算机软件的开发”，文章没有提及。5.判断推理题。根据选项关键词定位在文章最后一段Yet, these high prices were frequently preferable to the cost of programs developed in house. Experience and competition have increased a quality of bo

34、th programs and instructional materials.（然而，这些高的价格往往是更可取的程序开发的内部成本。经验和竞争提高了课程和教学材料的质量。）也就是说明这些软件的开发主要都是难在经验上，因此人们自己去开发的成本是会非常大的，A选项“计算机用户开发自己的软件比购买软件的成本要高得多”正确。B选项“软件价格居高不下是因为开发任何软件都不容易”，太笼统，不够具体；C选项“用户很难复制软件”，根据最后一段Because of the ease with which users could duplicate software, software prices remai

35、ned high. （由于用户可以很容易地复制软件，软件的价格仍然很高。）可以发现用户复制软件并不难；D选项“由于经验和竞争，软件长期以来一直是高质量的”，在最后一段的倒数第四句The quality of the programs and instructional materials that accompanied them was frequently poor. （节目和教学材料的质量通常很差。）可见软件的质量并不是一直都很好。8.单选题The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to（ ）funds from armamen

36、ts to health and education.问题1选项A.deriveB.depriveC.dispatchD.divert【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项derive“源自，得自”；B选项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；C选项dispatch“派遣，发送”；D选项divert“转移，使转向”。句意：两国领导人认为，将资金从军备（ ）卫生和教育是可取的。这里表达的意思是“将资金从军备转向卫生和教育”，因此D选项符合题意。9.单选题The sun is very large in comparison with its nine（ ）planets which, in turn,

37、 are circled by a total of thirty three satellites.问题1选项A.cyclingB.whirlingC.surroundingD.orbiting【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cycling“骑脚踏车消遣，骑脚踏车兜风”；B选项whirling“旋转”；C选项surrounding“周围的，附近的”；D选项orbiting“盘旋；绕轨道运行”。句意：与九颗（ ）太阳运行的行星相比，太阳是非常大的，而九颗行星又由三十三颗卫星环绕着。这里考查的是固定搭配orbiting planets“轨道行星”，因此D选项符合题意。10.单选题The

38、tutor tells the undergraduate that one can acquire（ ）in a foreign language through more practice.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.efficiencyC.efficacyD.frequency【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符

39、合题意。11.单选题He added a（ ） to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.问题1选项A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项presidency“总统（或董事长、会长、大学校长等）的职位（任期）”；B选项prestige“威望，声望”；C选项postscript“附言；又及”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。句意：他在信上加了（ ），说他将在晚上8点前到达。这里表达的意思是“他在附言里说”，因

40、此C选项符合题意。12.写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Pros Cons of Buying a Car in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.有人赞成买私家车有人反对买私家车我的看法【答案】略13.单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns

41、 would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“同盟，同盟国”；B选项“代表，委派”；C选项“选民”；D选项“陪审团，评委会”；题干中electorate“选民，选区”，句意：英国首相布莱尔向选民承诺，如果不试图赢得联合国的进一步制裁，就不会开枪。因此C选项符合题意。14.单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy and a girl though th

42、ey had three children of their own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“使适应；改编”，B选项bring“带来；拿来”，C选项receive“接受”，D选项adopt“采取；接受；收养”；题干为：这对年迈的父母决定去（ ）一个男孩和一个女孩，即使他们已经有了三个自己的孩子。因此根据逻辑我们知道他们是“领养”孩子，因此D选项符合题意。15.单选题People from different cultures have different（ ）of the world.问题1选项A.

43、impressionsB.complicationsC.foundationsD.conceptions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项impressions“印象，观感”；B选项complications“并发症”；C选项foundations“基础，房建”；D选项conceptions“怀孕，概念，设想”。句意：来自不同文化的人对世界有不同的（ ）。这句话表达的意思是“不同的人对世界有不同的看法”，因此A选项符合题意。16.填空题Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control na

44、ture. We dammed earths rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils. Burning up fuels, we pumped a great deal of greenhouse gases into the air, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere and warming the planet in just a few decades. And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 bil

45、lion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal and plant species were dying out every day, including the first primate（灵长类）to disappear in more than 100 years.At the start of the 21st century there were unmistakable signs that nature was beginning to take its revenge. Melting ice

46、 in both poles of the earth suggested that the climate was changing rapidly. Weather was even more changeable than usual; giving some places too little rain and others too much. Fires raced across the dried American West last summer, and recent storms spread damages from Britain to China. No specifi

47、c event could be directly blamed on global warming, floods and drought will be more frequentand severe. Other sad signs from an overburdened planet include falling grain and fish harvests and fiercer competition for scarce water supplies.But there were also, in the year 2000, signs of great awarenes

48、s. Connected by the Internet, hundreds of millions people gathered for the 30th anniversary of Earth Day, Governments from Washington to Lima took steps to protect the large wild areas from development. Progress was made toward using more renewable energy from the wind and the sun, and new cars that

49、 used both gasoline and electricity showed fuel-economy statistics.The goal for the new century is “sustainable (可持续的) development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.Mark “T” for True or “F” for False on the Answer Sheet._ 1.

50、 Species of animals and plants are increased._ 2. It can be inferred from the passage that scarce water supplies are directly caused by the larger population._ 3. Humanity built many dams in the past century._ 4. The phrase “sustainable development” in the last paragraph probably means that economic

51、 development will make full use of natural resources._ 5. The main purpose of the author is to make us aware of the importance of environment protection.【答案】FFTFT【解析】1.定位到第一段And as our population began the year 2000 above the 6 billion mark, still spreading across the continents, dozens of animal an

52、d plant species were dying out every day, including the first primate to disappear in more than 100 years.（当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝，包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。）可以看得出动植物物种都在减少，因此题干错误。2.定位到第二段No specific event could be directly blamed on global warming, floods and drought will be more fre

53、quentand severe.（没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖，洪水和干旱将会更频繁和严重。）可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的，因此题干错误。3.定位到第一段Throughout the past century humanity did everything in its power to control nature. We dammed earths rivers, chopped down the forests and exhausted the soils.（在过去的一个世纪里，人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝，砍伐森林，耗尽土壤。）通过这句话可以得出题干是

54、正确的。4.定位到最后一段The goal for the new century is “sustainable development”. Is that possible? It depends on how well we understand that humanity is part of nature, not lord and master.（新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”，而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展，因此题干错误。5.根据

55、全文来看，作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣，以及人类的责任重大，需要和自然好好相处，因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。17.单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD

56、.meticulous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“可靠的，信赖的”；B选项“智慧的，聪明的”；C选项“勤勉的，用功的”；D选项“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”；题干中scrupulous“小心的，一丝不苟的”，句意：数以千计的证据、参考文献和脚注证明了一位一丝不苟的研究人员，他对各种不同的理论和政治立场都做出了相当公正的评价。因此D选项最符合题意。18.单选题Ann used to（ ）when we went to the same school. But now she is always on time.问题1选项A.being lateB.lateC.be lateD.gett

57、ing late【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语。结合题干和选项可知本题考查非谓语，而used to后面要加动词原形表示“过去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合语法规则。句意：我们在同一所学校时，安总是迟到。但是现在她总是很准时。19.单选题In Africa HIV and AIDS continue to（ ）the population; nearly 60 percent of those infected are women.问题1选项A.alleviateB.boostC.captureD.ravage【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项boo

58、st“促进，增加”；C选项capture“捕获”；D选项ravage“毁坏，破坏，蹂躏”。句意：在非洲，艾滋病毒和艾滋病继续_人们；将近60%的感染者是女性。这里表达的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐，“蹂躏着那里的人们”，因此D选项符合题意。20.单选题Their refusal to compromise is a major（ ）that stands in the way of further peace talks.问题1选项A.obstacleB.complicationC.entityD.hazard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obstacle“障碍”；B选项complica

59、tion“并发症，复杂”；C选项entity“实体，存在”；D选项hazard“危险，风险”。句意：他们拒绝妥协是进一步和谈的主要（ ）。既然他们拒绝妥协，那么应该就是进一步发展的“障碍”，因此A选项符合题意。21.单选题For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and th

60、ey do not make the voyage for the（1）of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel（2）to go to bed and pleased when the journey（3）. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed（4）earlier than usual. When I（5）my cabin, I was surprised （6）that I was to have a companion