2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号77

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题My eyes had become（ ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.问题1选项A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vul

2、nerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配be accustomed to“习惯于”，这里表示的是习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。2.单选题If you want to（ ）a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your country.问题1选项A.secureB.assureC.insureD.ensure【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secu

3、re“保护，弄到”；B选项assure“保证，担保”；C选insure“给保险”；D选项ensure“确保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（ ）一个愉快的访问，就尽可能多地了解礼仪和贵国的风俗习惯。这里表达的含义是“确保有一个愉快的访问”，因此D选项符合题意。3.单选题The teachers and parents agree that it is a hint of what might be expected from（ ）generations.问题1选项A.superbB.subsequentC.supremeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项superb“

4、极好的，华丽的”；B选项subsequent“随后的”；C选项supreme“最高的，至高的”；D选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的”。句意：老师和家长都认为这是对（ ）代的期望。这里表达的句意是对subsequent generations“后代的期望”，因此B选项符合题意。4.单选题The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the

5、same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the food that is charact

6、eristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it become

7、s more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging lakes of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometim

8、es, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the

9、 practices continue.1.How has science done a disservice to mankind?2.What are nitrates used for?3.What does FDA mean?4.The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences is not true?问题1选项A.Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtu

10、ally eradicated.B.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C.As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.D.The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.问题2选项A.They preserve flavor in packag

11、ed foods.B.They preserve the color of meats.C.They are the objects of research.D.They cause the animals to become fatter.问题3选项A.Food Direct Additives.B.Final Difficult Analysis.C.Food and Drug Administration.D.Federal Diary Additives.问题4选项A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causi

12、ng问题5选项A.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reason.B.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over 35 years.D.Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world

13、.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.（虽然科学已取得巨大进展，使许多食物更适合食用，但与此同时，它也使许多食物不宜食用。）也就是说很多添加剂式的食物容易导致一些疾病，因此C选项“由于科学的干预，一些潜在的有害物质被添加到我们的食物中。”正确。A选项“由于科学的发展，由

14、受污染的食物引起的疾病实际上已经被根除了。”和题干提问并不符合；B选项“它导致了关于食物价值的信息的缺乏。”这个不是原文的观点；D选项“科学家们保存了肉的颜色，却没有保存蔬菜的颜色。”与题干不符。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌）因此B选项“它们能保持肉的颜色”正确。A选项“它们

15、能保存包装食品的风味。”不是保存风味；C选项“它们是研究的对象”，与原文不符；D选项“它们使动物变得更胖”与原文不符。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一句话Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.（尽管食品和药物管理局（FAD）多次试图控制这些程序，但这种做法仍在继续。）因此C选项“食品和药物管理局”正确。A选项“食物直接添加剂”；B选项“最终困难分析”；D选项“联邦乳品添加剂”都不正确。4

16、.语义推测题。根据关键词定位到commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food（用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。然而，这些致癌添加剂仍然存在于我们的食品中。）因此可以得出这些物质都是致癌的，因此D选项“致癌的”正确。A选项“制造麻烦的”；B选项“护色的”；C选项“赚钱的”都不正确。5.事实细节题。A选项“由于医学原因，药物总是给动物服用”在原文的最后一

17、段Sometimes, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons.（有时让动物服用这类药物并不是为了治病，而是为了经济上的原因。）因此A选项不正确。B选项“我们食物中的一些添加剂是添加到食物本身，还有一些是给活的动物吃的。”在最后一段Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry（农民经常给牛肉和家禽注射青霉素）；C选项“研究人员已经知道食品添加剂的潜在危害超过35年了。”在最后一段In 1945

18、, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. （1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。）；D选项“食物可能会导致世界上40%的癌症”定位到第一段Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet

19、and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.（一些研究表明，大约80%的人类疾病与饮食有关，40%的癌症也与饮食有关，尤其是结肠癌。）5.单选题In（ ）times human be beings didnt travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prime“最好的”；B选项

20、primitive“原始的，远古的”；C选项primary“最初的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：在（ ）时代，人类旅行不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。这句话表达的含义是“在原始时代”，因此B选项符合题意。6.单选题I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will（ ）everyones expectations.问题1选项A.boil down toB.look forward toC.live up toD.catch on

21、to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项boil down to“归结为”；B选项look forward to“期待”；C选项live up to“不辜负，做到”；D选项catch on to“理解，突然了解”。句意：我非常感谢公司给我这样一个机会，并衷心希望我能_大家的期望。考查了固定搭配live up to expectation“不辜负的期望”，这里表示“我能不辜负大家的期望”。因此C选项符合题意。7.单选题The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he（ ）himself.问题1选项A.exposedB.reveale

22、dC.betrayedD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exposed“暴露，揭露”；B选项revealed“透露，显示”；C选项betrayed“出卖，背叛”；D选项disclosed“公开”。这里考查了固定搭配betray oneself“原形毕露”，句意：这个人伪装得很好，但一说话就（ ）了自己。这里说的是“一说话就暴露了自己”，因此C选项符合题意。8.单选题In todays working world the roles of men and women are becoming（ ）.问题1选项A.dwarfedB.incorporatedC.correl

23、atedD.blurred【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dwarfed“矮小的”；B选项incorporated“合并的”；C选项correlated“有互相关系的”；D选项blurred“模糊的，记不清的”。句意：在当今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正变得越来越（ ）。按照选项和题干的意思，可以判断出此处想要表达的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（边界）变得越来越模糊。”因此D选项符合题意。9.单选题The countrys deficit that year（ ）to a record 169.8 billion dollars.问题1选项A.soaredB.souredC.sore

24、dD.sourced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项soared“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项soured“发酵，厌烦”；C选项sored“弄伤”；D选项sourced“发动，寻找来源”。句意：该国当年的赤字_创纪录的1698亿美元。这里表达的是“当年的赤字飙升至”，因此A选项符合题意。10.单选题Im pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously（ ）.问题1选项A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【

25、解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项paid off“付清，见成效”；B选项taken its toll“造成损失”；C选项made a difference“有影响，有关系，起作用”；D选项shown up“露面，露出”。句意：我很高兴听到你有工作机会很明显，你在学校的努力工作（ ）。而这里表达的意思是“在学校的努力起了作用”，因此A选项符合题意。11.单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analog

26、ies【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“似是而非的论点，自相矛盾的话”；B选项“遗产”；C选项“陈词滥调”；D选项“类似，类推”，句意：当一个人死后，他的债务必须在（ ）分配之前弄清。这句要表示的是“要把遗产分配清楚”，因此B选项符合题意。12.单选题Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can cre

27、ate an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of developmen

28、t are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be

29、 aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The

30、 outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the

31、outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to

32、 burnout.1.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is（ ）.2.According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that（ ）.3.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes（ ）.4.According to the passage parents and coaches should（ ）.5.The authors purp

33、ose in writing the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.to reduce their mental stressB.to increase their sense of successC.to make sports less competitiveD.to make sports more challenging问题2选项A.it can help them learn more about societyB.it enables them to find flaws in themselvesC.it can provide them with valuable

34、experiencesD.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves问题3选项A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC.so as to make them remember lifes lessonsD.so as to put more pressure on them问题4选项A.pay more

35、 attention to letting children enjoy sportsB.help children to win every gameC.train children to cope with stressD.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports问题5选项A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB.to persuade young children not to worry about criticismC.to stress the imp

36、ortance of positive reinforcement to childrenD.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段的第三句话Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.（压力可以是身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。

37、研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）可以看出stress导致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法应该是减少stress，因此A选项“减轻他们的精神压力”正确。sports本身具有竞争性、挑战性，不在于多或少，问题是怎样看胜负，所以C选项“降低体育运动的竞争性”和D选项“使运动更具挑战性”两项应排除。B项“提高他们获得成功的意识”正是作者不赞成的。2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第二句话The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place（体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。）因此C

38、选项“它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历”正确。A选项“它可以帮助他们更多地了解社会”定位到第二段and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives（并获得将终生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只说了可以学到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社会；B选项“它能让他们发现自己的缺点”定位到第二段Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.（年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上

39、，发现自己的缺点。）但是这个并不是题干所问的“运动的积极影响”；D选项“它教会他们如何为自己设定现实的目标”，这是文章中没有提及的。3.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselve

40、s.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）因此换句话说就是B选项“没有意识到批评可能会摧毁他们的自信”正确。A选项“相信批评对他们的早期发展是有益的”；C选项“让他们记住生活的教训”；D选项“为了给他们更多的压力”这三个都不是作者认为教练和家长平常所认为的。4.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段开头Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for chil

41、dren.（教练和家长也应该小心，不要让青少年参与体育运动成为孩子们的工作。）意思是体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务，重在参与，比赛结果并不重要，更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。因此A选项“更加注重让孩子们享受运动”正确。B选项“帮助孩子赢得每一场比赛”；C选项“训练孩子学会处理压力”以及D选项“使孩子们了解运动的积极方面”这都是文章中没有提及的。5.主旨大意题。通过第一段Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.（压力可以是

42、身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）第二段的Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练

43、的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）以及第三段的Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.（研究表明，积极的强化比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响。再次强调，批评会造成高度的压力，从而导致倦怠。）可以看出来，作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力，

44、积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益，因此C选项“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”正确。A选项“教导年轻运动员如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重点；B选项“说服孩子不要担心批评”不符合作者的想法；以及D选项“讨论批评与鼓励相结合的技巧”这也不是作者所倡导的。13.单选题My niece Alice is（ ）in her way of living and always spends more money than is reasonable.问题1选项A.luxuriousB.distinguishedC.extravagantD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项luxu

45、rious“奢侈的，丰富的，放纵的”；B选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高贵的”；C选项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的，过度的”，更加倾向于具体的行为举止；D选项sophisticated“复杂的，精致的，久经世故的”。句意；我的侄女爱丽丝生活（ ），总是乱花钱。而这里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A选项符合题意。14.翻译题努力工作和醉心于工作之间有很大的区别。努力工作是指工作有条有理、精力集中，完成许多工作，知道何时歇手，知道除了工作还有生活。而工作狂们常常是缺乏条理，总是寻找理由想做得更多些，没有工作可做时就感到不知所措，想通过工作来逃避问题。他们不知道

46、怎样或何时放松一下，经常把办公室里的活儿带回家里去做，不善于和同事及家人交流沟通。【答案】Theres a big distinction between working hard and being a workaholic. Working hard involves being organized, focused, getting a lot of work done, knowing when to stop, and having a life other than work. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganiz

47、ed, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, dont know how or when to relax, bring work home from the office, cant communicate well with fellow workers and family members.15.单选题They were in a dreadful（ ）when their money, tickets and passpor

48、ts were stolen while they were on holiday.问题1选项A.conspiracyB.plightC.serenityD.custody【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conspiracy“阴谋，共谋，阴谋集团”；B选项plight“困境，境况，誓约”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护”。句意：他们度假时钱、机票和护照被盗，陷入了可怕的_。根据逻辑可知，在度假时丢失了财务，肯定是陷入了困境，因此B选项符合题意。16.单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark

49、 clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“非法的，违法的”；B选项“夜间，夜晚”；C选项“残忍的，野蛮的”；D选项“辱骂的，滥用的”；题干nocturnal“夜的，夜间的”，句意：这伙人的绰号来源于他们夜间在森林里袭击时穿的深色衣服和涂黑的脸。因此B选项最符合题意。17.单选题Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reput

50、ations, and turning clam situation into（ ）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的，湍流的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C选项vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，使平静的局面变得_。根据句子逻辑，这里表达的是“使平静的局面变得动荡”，因此A选项符合题意。18.翻译题二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。2

51、1世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。【答案】Round-the-clock timetable is changing our way of life. The 21st century office never leaves us. We bring our wireless

52、cell phones and notebook computers when vacationing. There are people who bring their cell phones into concert halls and auditoriums. The round-the-clock hyperspeed “Internet time” wont give us quiet time for resting and thinking. An increasing number of business executives have taken to bragging ab

53、out how much sleep they get. For them, the ultimate status symbol is the power to live by natures clock rather than the Nets clock.19.单选题The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently: “When we

54、try to describe faces precisely words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.”Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat,

55、though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ.Thus, some argue t

56、hat it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about the brains ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this these they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the other hand, ther

57、e are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a quite young baby recognizes his member by sight

58、. Granted that his other senses help-the sound other voice, his sense of smell, the distinctive way she handles him.But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and one that is, essential for daily

59、living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people can often recognize individuals by their voi

60、ces, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features.1.It is stated in the passage that（ ）.2.What the author feels strange about is that（ ）.3.What is the first suggested expl