2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号51

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The police are suspicious（ ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。2.单选题The long years of food shortage in this count

2、ry have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when

3、there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedl

4、y great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this count

5、ry has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover,

6、 the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enable

7、d to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present

8、production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the

9、food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices is that（ ） .3. Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price was a result of （ ）.5.What did the future look like for Britains food production at the time this article was written?

10、问题1选项A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is importing less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production of food.问题2选项A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic

11、 food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher问题3选项A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether fore

12、ign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generation of farmer were strongly against the programmer.问题4选项A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers.B.a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overpr

13、oduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries问题5选项A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.British food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantee

14、s.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人们对于为什么粮食多了价格却依然持续上涨表示担忧，所以可以看出人们感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是价格却在上涨，选项C符合题意。2.文章第三段a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for

15、 food提到食物价格增长的主要原因是政府逐渐减少了对食物的支持。选项B符合题意。3.文章最后一段Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market 提到尽管目前的价格还有市场保证，但是农民依旧担心他们将被挤压在廉价的进口食品和一个萎缩的国内市场中，所以可以推断农民对于这样的保证是不信任的。选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段The recent growth

16、of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests 提到国际食物市场贸易顺差的增加非常大，贸易顺差说明出口多余进口，由此可知是国内生产增加使得出口加大，选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一句but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program

17、 is not working very well 提到部长重复的建议没有什么作用，扩张计划进行的不怎么好，由此可知，这个前景是令人担忧的。选项D符合题意。3.单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to

18、become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital form

19、ats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due

20、 to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and d

21、ata and can be on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are availableEncyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal behaviors, geomorphic processes, and other natural pheno

22、mena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used, CD-ROMS of numerous other subjects have been

23、recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the t

24、remendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferre

25、d to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframe

26、s as powerful processors of database systems in becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achi

27、eved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000 workstations are in use whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and worksta

28、tions. Because of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.1.Multimedia computers（ ） .2.The underlined word “annotated” in the second paragraph most probably means（ ）3.

29、According to this passage4.Which of the following is a proper title for this passage?问题1选项A.can process anything but digital dataB.can even process television imagesC.are rarely used in educationD.has few business applications问题2选项A.explainB.forwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.the market for multim

30、edia computers has become saturatedB.most mainframes have been transformed into personal computersC.most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframesD.the now costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-volume production问题4选项A.Multimedia ComputersB.Microproces

31、sor TechnologyC.Computer NetworksD.Changing Role of Computers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.文章第一段television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot提到电视画面能够通过计算机程序处理，所以选项B符合题意。2.题干中的单词

32、出现在句子In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video中，意思是“在商务英语中，文件通常能用视频或者音频作为注释”。选项A “解释”符合题意。3.文章最后一段In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced 提到大量生产降低了微处理器的成本

33、，选项D与之相符，符合题意。4.文章讲述的是多媒体电脑给计算机市场带来了各种各样的变化，以及这类电脑在消费类产品和商业需求中的应用，选项A符合题意。4.翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余 5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7 天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格

34、及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。【答案】Like students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously. Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days

35、 working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational

36、 knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All

37、 the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited

38、 into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of others dissuasion, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.5.单选题The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a c

39、ouple of years.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic “爱国的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。6.单选题The presidential candidate（ ） his position by winning several primary elections.问题1选项A.consolidated

40、B.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate “巩固；intensify “使加强”；enforce “实施”；enrich “使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。7.单选题Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”

41、；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。8.单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：

42、通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。9.单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。10.单选题Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat.

43、The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem of how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as li

44、ght bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable. Some parts of most modern buildings-theatres and offices as well as classrooms-are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-co

45、ndition even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern building recover heat but the Universitys system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its

46、heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working, overweight ma

47、le genius.1.Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it（ ）2.Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?3.At Johnstown campus, how many of the buildings are heated entirely by the heat collection system?4.In line 6, “conventional” most nearly means （ ）.5

48、.According to the passage, which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?问题1选项A.was difficult to collectB.came in a variety of formsC.was difficult to get rid ofD.tended to be absorbed by physical objects问题2选项A.The heat is supplied by human bodies onlyB.The best is supplied by both h

49、uman bodies and other heat-emitting objectsC.The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.D.The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel问题3选项A.noneB.twoC.fourD.six问题4选项A.ordinaryB.powerfulC.electricalD.extra问题5选项A.A fat female who studie

50、s hardB.a fat male who does not studyC.A thin female who does not studyD.A thin male who studies hard【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第二句 The usual problem is how to dispose of it提到关于热量的问题是如何处理它，选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the h

51、eat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well提到热量主要来源于人体热量，和像电灯泡、冰箱这类物体，选项B符合题意。3.文章第一段the system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campuss six buildings comfortable 提到学校的六栋建筑物，选项D符合题意。4.题干中conventional的意思是“常见的”；所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一句话It is tempting t

52、o conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johunstown campus would be a hard-working, overweight male genius 提到根据推测可得知一个超重的、勤奋的男性产生的热量是最多的。因此可以推测一个瘦小的、不勤奋的女性产生的热量是最少的。选项C符合题意。11.单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scra

53、pedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。12.单选题Many tourist were （ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “贬低”；bewilder “使迷惑”；

54、evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：许多游客被这复杂的交通难住了。选项B符合题意。13.单选题During their fist teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the（ ）of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。observation “观察，监视”；investigation “调查”；inspection “视察，检查”；exami

55、nation “考试”。句意：这些学生在第一年教师培训期的时候，经常去一些当地学校观摩。选项A符合题意。14.翻译题科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命， 也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流 感及伊朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在(新闻采访 的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑

56、到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。对今天许多人来说，科学家给人民的形象是他们收集数据，客观地追求真理。科学是如此受到尊重，以至在任何关于智力、教育、能源等话题的讨论中只要一 句话：“科学这样说的”就会把反对意见压下去。研究人员发现存在弄虚作假的现象，即许多科学家对所得资料加以修改，使之有利于学生本人期望的结果的倾向。【答案】The advancement of science and technology are enable us to probe the furthest reaches of the universe, the most basi

57、c constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the action and inaction of human beings threaten not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller and smaller, faster and faster. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind u

58、s that a smaller and faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge-but desperately in need of wisdom. Nowadays, when sounds bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow crazier, college graduates who are though

59、tful are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed, and I believe even more firmly today that the mission of the university is unique and irreplaceable.In many peoples eyes today, scientists are those who collect data and pursue truth objectively.Science is so respected that in any discu

60、ssion on topics of intelligence, education and energy, the simple saying of “science says so” would suppress any dissenting opinion.Researchers discovered the existence of falsifications, which is the tendency that many scientists revise the data they have obtained, to make it favorable for their ex