2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号42

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度,老板对她投去责备的目光

2、。选项C符合句意。2.单选题John would have paid（）for the jacket had the salesman insisted because he really loved its color and style.问题1选项A.twice as muchB.two times moreC.much as twiceD.as much twice【答案】A【解析】考查倍数的表达。倍数+as+形容词/副词+as,这里实际上省略了第二个as及其后面的内容,只有选项A为正确的倍数表达方式。3.单选题Ever since humans have inhabited the e

3、arth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, the expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the

4、 deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A w

5、ink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smo

6、ke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people.While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feeling.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes this passage?2.Which of the following statem

7、ents is not true?3.Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?4.How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?5.Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally except for （）问题1选项A.When language is a barrier,

8、people will find other forms of communication.B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.C.Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.D.Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.问题2选项A.There are many forms of communication in existence today.B.Verbalizati

9、on is the most common form of communication.C.The deaf and mute use an oral form of communication.D.Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.问题3选项A.picture signsB.BrailleC.body languageD.signal flags问题4选项A.5B.7C.9D.11问题5选项A.spellingB.ideasC.whole wordsD.expressions【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4

10、题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知, 本文主要是讲肢体语言。一般来说, 思想和感情的表达都是以口头语言的形式进行的。但当有语言障碍时, 交流可以通过其他形式完成, 比如肢体语言。所以选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句可知, 游客, 盲人和聋哑人使用的是sign language, 而不是oral form of communication。所以选项C表述错误。3.细节事实题。根据原文可知Braille是一种用指尖阅读的凸点系统, 即盲文, 适合盲人使用。所以选项B正确。4.细节事实题。文章中提到了oral speech、sign language, bod

11、y language、Braille、signal flags, Morse code、smoke signals、road maps、picture signs这9种交际方式, 所以选项C正确。5.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.”这些完整的文字符号中有许多是非常生动和准确的, 可以在国际上使用；然而拼写不能。所以本题选A。4.单选题She

12、 suggested that the expedition be（）with the latest scientific equipment.问题1选项A.afflictedB.permeatedC.paddledD.outfitted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。afflicted折磨、使痛苦；permeate渗透、弥漫；paddled划桨；outfitted配备、机构。句意：她建议探险队配备最新的科学设备。选项D符合句意。5.单选题Dont leave your bicycle out in the rain. Itll get（）.问题1选项A.rustyB.crudeC.roughD

13、.tough【答案】A【解析】句意：不要将你的自行车放在雨中,会生锈的。选项A正确。6.单选题In trying to solve the problem we seem to have exhausted all the（）that the brain of man could suggest.问题1选项A.ingenuityB.nuancesC.ingenuousnessD.nourishments【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。ingenuity精巧、独创性；nuances细微差别；ingenuousness正直、老实；nourishments食物、营养品。句意：在试图解决这个问题的过程中

14、，我们似乎耗尽了人类大脑所能提供的所有营养。这里引申为“绞尽脑汁”。选项D符合句意。7.单选题The decision（）, the next problem was how to introduce a new budget.问题1选项A.being madeB.having madeC.was madeD.having been made【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：作了决定以后,下一个问题是如何引进新的预算。make与the decision之间为被动关系,首先排除选项B；后面的句子成分完整,如果填入选项C的话,缺少连词,所以排除。根据句意可知,应该是先做完决定,然后再引进预

15、算,所以这里应该用完成时,选项D正确。8.单选题A number of books like Reading Faces and Body Language have（1）the individuals tendency to broadcast things through all manner of（2）movement and facial gymnastics. Such matters, made widely familiar by pop sociology, anthropology and psychology, have become the stuff of common

16、 conversation. Michael KordasPower! How to Get It, How to Use It,is mainly a primer in how to（3）others by a cold-blooded control of（4）signals that occur commonly in the workaday world: for example, how executives signal their style of power（5）the clothes they choose and the way they（6）heir office fu

17、rniture.（7）eyebrow. Involuntary, like leaning away from a salesperson to（9）a deal. Says Julius Fast in Body Language. “We rub our noses for puzzlement. We（10）our arms to（11）ourselves or to protect ourselves. We（12）our shoulders for indifference.” Any competent psychiatrist remains alert to the expre

18、ssions by which a patients hidden emotions make（13）known. People even signal by the odors they（14）, as Janet Hopson（15）in superfluous detail in Scent Signals: The Silent Language of Sex. Actually, it is impossible for an individual to（16）signaling other people; the person who mutely（17）human interco

19、urse sends out an unmistakable signal in the form of utter silence.Sociologist Dane Arche calls reading such signals “social intelligence.” He said, “We must unshackle ourselves from the tendency to ignore silent behavior and to prefer words（18）everything else.” The evidence all over is that（19）peop

20、le wander the earth through thickets of verbiages, many, perhaps most, do pay more attention to wordless signals and are more likely to be influenced and（20）by nonverbal messages.问题1选项A.concernedB.exploredC.indicatedD.written问题2选项A.bodyB.individualC.physicalD.visible问题3选项A.manipulateB.conveyC.commun

21、icateD.dominate问题4选项A.obviousB.acceptedC.nonverbalD.subtle问题5选项A.byB.ofC.inD.with问题6选项A.exhibitB.arrangeC.purchaseD.employ问题7选项A.UponB.InC.DuringD.At问题8选项A.elaboratedB.confinedC.revisedD.raised问题9选项A.embraceB.resistC.clutchD.extinguish问题10选项A.claspB.stretchC.arouseD.conceal问题11选项A.amuseB.fortifyC.is

22、olateD.maintain问题12选项A.liftB.revertC.dedicateD.shrug问题13选项A.himB.themC.himselfD.themselves问题14选项A.spread outB.evoke outC.give offD.depend on问题15选项A.documentsB.preachesC.describesD.dramatizes问题16选项A.permeateB.avoidC.reckonD.ignore问题17选项A.guards againstB.restrains fromC.integrates withD.withdraws from

23、问题18选项A.aboveB.overC.beyondD.upon问题19选项A.beforeB.thoughC.whileD.whether问题20选项A.fabricatedB.transformedC.apprehendedD.governed【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:B第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文, 许多书籍探索了个人传达事物的倾向。concerned关注, 一般主语为人, 不是物；explo

24、red探索, explore sth.有围绕某事物进行研究的意思, 符合句意； indicated暗示, 一般书的主题都是明确的, 不需要用暗示；written写作, 其主语也是人, 这里的主语是books, 所以不正确。（2）根据原文, 个人表达的倾向是通过各种形式的身体语言和面部表情来传达的。首先排除选项B和D, body movement指局部的肢体运动, 而physical movement指全身性的体育运动。所以选项A正确。（3）原文指这些书里说通过体语言和面部语言, 将我们所要表达的信息传达给别人。选项B符合原文。选项A和D都表示操控, 选项C一般后面接介词with。（4）根据上文

25、提到的肢体语言和面部语言, 以及下文举例高管通过穿衣风格和办公司设备摆放来展现自己的风格, 可知这些信号是非语言的, 选项C符合原文。（5）根据原文可知这里指通过.的方式, 选项A正确。（6）摆放家具在此处用arrange最为合适。（7）at work/play为固定搭配。（8）elaborated详细说明, 复杂的；confined限制, 狭隘的；revised改进；raised抬起, 扬起。原文应该是指扬起眉毛, 选项D符合原文。（9）embrace拥抱, 信奉；resist抵抗, 抗拒；clutch抓住, 紧握；extinguish熄灭, 压制。根据前面的leaning away fro

26、m a salesperson, 可知是拒绝这单生意, 选项B正确。（10）根据下文的保护自己可以推测, 我们应该是紧紧抱住自己的手臂。选项A正确。（11）根据原文, 我们紧紧抱住自己的手臂是为了 和保护自己。Fortify表增强, 加强, 还有设防于的意思, 和protect意思相近, 所以选项B符合原文。（12）shrug shoulders为常用搭配, 意为耸肩。（13）这里的a patient并不是指具体的某一个病人, 而是用冠词+名词单数形式, 表示对所有病人的统称, 所以应该用复数, 首先排除了选项A和C。根据上下文, 是病人自己的表情让医生知道了病人自己的隐藏情绪, 所以选D。（

27、14）根据原文人们散发出的气味也是一种信号。气味散发用give off。spread out展开, 铺开；evoke out唤起；depend on依靠。（15）documents记载；preaches说教；describes描述；dramatizes使戏剧化。根据后面的in superfluous detail可知, 应该是详细的描述。选项C正确。（16）根据下文, 一个人如果沉默地不与人交往, 就会以完全沉默的形式发出一个明白无误的信号。说明即使他们不喜欢与人交往, 但还是不可避免的发出信号。选项B符合原文。（17）guards against防止, 提防；restrains from控制

28、, 抑制；integrates with使.结合；withdraws from退出, 离开。根据后面“sends out an unmistakable signal in the form of utter silence”以完全沉默的形式发出一个明白无误的信号可知, 当他悄无声息的退出与人的交流的时候, 实际上是以沉默的形式发出信号。所以选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文我们要将自己从忽视沉默行为的倾向中解放出来, 不能将语言看得比其他东西更重要。over和beyond都有超过的意思, 但是beyond一般指抽象的概念, 和over有一个比较的对象, 所以选项B更符合原文。（19）根据原文,

29、 当（尽管）人们漫步于地球上, 到处都是废话的情景, 许多人, 也许是大多数人, 的确更加关注无声的信号, 更有可能受到非言语信息的影响。while在这里指当.的时候, 也可以看做是引导让步状语从句。（20）fabricated制造, 组装；transformed转换, 改变；apprehended理解, 逮捕；governed管理, 支配。根据原文人们的确更加关注无声的信号, 更有可能受到非语言信息的影响和改变。9.单选题The new radio direction-finding device could（）a transmission with a remarkable speed.问

30、题1选项A.carry offB.bend toC.shrug offD.latch onto【答案】A【解析】词组辨祈题。carry off携带，成功地处理；bend to屈从于；shrug off摆脱，不屑理睬；latch onto锁上。句意：这种新的无线电测向装置能以惊人的速度进行传输。选项A符合句意。10.单选题While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest（）by the local bandits.问题1选项A.be attackedB.were attackedC.are to

31、 be attackedD.would be attacked【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。Lest是连词，意为“唯恐，以免”。其后接的状语从句常用should+动词原形。should可以省略。所以选项A正确。句意：在翻越山区时，所有人都带着枪，以防遭到当地土匪的袭击。11.单选题This is an exciting area of study, and one（）which new applications are being discovered almost daily.问题1选项A.fromB.byC.inD.through【答案】C【解析】考査定语从句。in which表示“在某

32、个领域被发现”。句意：这是一个令人兴奋的研究领域,一个几乎每天都有新的应用程序被发现的领域。12.单选题At the beginning of this semester, our English teacher（）a list of books for us to read.问题1选项A.passed onB.fished outC.handed inD.made out【答案】D【解析】passed on传递,通过,去世；fished out摸索出；handed in上交,呈送；made out说明,填写,理解。句意：新学期开始的时候,我们的英语老师就列出了需要我们读的书的清单。made

33、out a list of.指列出.的清单,选项D符合句意。13.单选题Love and friendship have much（1）. If two persons are to be（2）, they must find contentment in each others（3）, suffer pain in each others failure, and（4）pleasure in each others success. Each must find（5）the mood and temperament of the other something（6）and congenial

34、. But any deep and permanent friendshipa larger common area than romantic love. Notoriously, the prince may fall in love with the chorus girl when the two have almost（8）in common. But friendships are based（9）, on common interests in a project, an art, or a cause; one thinks of Marks and Engels, Cobd

35、en and Bright, Gilbert and Sullivan, the Mayo brothers, Weber and Fields.Still, common interests by themselves will not（10）friendship and many co-workers have been（11）and enemies.（12）about values, about things, admired and liked and（14）. It is not（15）if, whenever we grow enthusiastic about dancing o

36、r music or flying or science, our companion can only say, “Sorry, but I（16）all that detestable.”（17）of the blessings of friendship is that it supplies a sounding-board which,（18）our own delights, makes them greater. And by a happy correlative law, sorrows when shared grow less. Friends（19）each other

37、 like the sides of an arch; they gain（20）, security, reassurance in failure, added happiness in success, and a large increment of courage merely from facing things side by side.问题1选项A.in commonB.differencesC.differentiationsD.to learn问题2选项A.professorsB.friendsC.studentsD.competitors问题3选项A.attitudeB.

38、personalityC.companyD.emergency问题4选项A.makeB.rakeC.fakeD.take问题5选项A.forB.inC.atD.on问题6选项A.strangeB.exclusiveC.destructiveD.attractive问题7选项A.calls forB.calls onC.calls offD.calls down问题8选项A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything问题9选项A.as a ruleB.by ruleC.to a ruleD.with a rule问题10选项A.guardB.guarante

39、eC.growD.grease问题11选项A.rivalsB.collaboratorsC.dedicatorsD.keepers问题12选项A.AB.NoC.FullD.Few问题13选项A.face to faceB.from mouth to mouthC.eye to eyeD.nose to nose问题14选项A.dislikingB.dislikedC.to dislikeD.dislike问题15选项A.featuredB.featheredC.furtheredD.fettered问题16选项A.locateB.provideC.findD.sustain问题17选项A.An

40、yB.SomeC.NoneD.One问题18选项A.in echoingB.in writingC.in drawingD.in making问题19选项A.produceB.fortifyC.yieldD.abuse问题20选项A.irritationB.silenceC.suspicionD.contentment【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:A第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:C第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）固定搭配。have sth. in

41、common在.有共同点。故选择A。（2）逻辑衔接。根据上文提到的friendship可以推出填空处应该为friends, 所以选项B正确。（3）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。成为朋友的两个人, 要对彼此的个性感到满意。（4）take pleasure为固定搭配, 指获得快乐。（5）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。将句子调整一下顺序便能理解了, 句意为：在彼此的性格中去寻找共同点, 选项B正确。（6）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文可知, 填空处填入的词应与congenial（意气相投）意思相近, 所以选项D符合原文。（7）逻辑衔接、词义辨析。call for需求, 需要；call on拜访, 请求；call off取

42、消；call down招致, 责骂。根据原文, 任何深厚且永恒的友谊都需要比浪漫爱情有更多的相同之处。选项A符合原文。（8）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文, 王子和合唱队的女孩几乎没有没有共同点。（9）逻辑衔接、词义辨析。as a rule通常, 一般说来；by rule墨守成规地, 按照规则地；选项C、D没有这种用法；填空处为插入语, 所以选项A更符合原文。（10）语义衔接、词义辨析。guard保卫, 监视；guarantee保证, 确保；grow生长；grease贿赂。根据原文：然而, 他们之间共同的兴趣也不能保证友谊长存。选项B符合原文。（11）语义衔接、词义辨析。根据原文可知, 填空处应

43、填入与enemies意思相近的词。rivals竞争对手；collaborators合作者；dedicators奉献者, 献身者；keepers看护人。选项A正确。（12）逻辑衔接。根据原文可推断, 这里应该指完全意义上的友谊。（13）语义衔接。See eye to eye为固定搭配, 意为看法一致, 意见相同 。（14）语义衔接。and连接的两个词, 形式需保持一致。根据前面的“liked”,可知后面应该为“disliked”,选项B正确。（15）语义衔接, 词义辨析。根据下文的内容, 当我们都某些东西很感兴趣的时候, 朋友却感到厌恶, 那么友谊就不会进一步发展。所以选项C符合句意。（16）语

44、义衔接、词义辨析。根据原文, 这里应该指：我感觉/发现这一切都很无聊, 选项C符合原文。sustain指维持, 支撑。（17）语法、固定搭配。根据后面的谓语动词is可首先排除选项A和B。根据原文, 这里指友谊的一个好处是.。（18）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据原文：友谊的好处之一是它提供了一个音板, 在对我们自身的快乐做出回应时, 使它们变得更伟大。（19）语义衔接、词义辨析。根据下文“like the sides of an arch”可知这里应该选fortify加固、巩固。produce生产；yield产生；abuse滥用。（20）语义衔接、逻辑衔接。根据下文的security, reassu

45、rance可知填空处应填入意义相近的词。选项D符合。 irritation恼火；silence沉默；suspicion怀疑。14.单选题Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents（）at the time.问题1选项A.had been illB.were illC.would have been illD.should have been ill【答案】B【解析】语法题。句子是对过去的虚拟,但“父

46、母病了”是客观事实,故不需要用虚拟形式had been,直接用过去式即可,选项B正确。15.单选题Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed（）.问题1选项A.had producedB.would have producedC.have been producedD.had been produced【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：在1897年到1919年期间,至少有29部电影采用了假人进行拍摄。根据句意可知主谓之间应为被动语态,所以首先排除选项A和B

47、；电影是在过去拍摄的,所以这里的时态应为完成时。选项D正确。16.单选题John made（）keys for the house: one for his wife and one for himself.问题1选项A.deviateB.duplicateC.dozenD.deliberate【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。deviate偏离的；duplicate复制的；dozen一打；deliberate故意的。句意：约翰复制了两把房子的钥匙,一把给妻子,一把给自己。选项B符合句意。17.单选题The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one

48、 man for having promoted sea travel, that man（）Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15thcentury.问题1选项A.wasB.namedC.beingD.called【答案】B【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,若不一致时,则要加上自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,因为他促进了海上旅行,这个人就是生活在15世纪的航海家亨利王子。18.单选题It is generally believed that true friendship

49、 is like health,（）is seldom known till it is lost.问题1选项A.the value of whichB.its valueC.the value of itD.its value【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。the value of which在句中充当主语,选项A正确。其他选项都有自己的主语,但缺少连词,所以不选。19.翻译题名牌大学享受着绝大部分的政府教育拨款, 而地方大学只能依靠市场的力量, 这就意味着他们必须要招收更多的学生以确保财政收入。这种逐渐加大的差距必然会导致地方大学教育质量下滑, 这些地方学校严重缺乏富有经验的优秀教师。更糟

50、糕的是, 这些学校都喜欢开设一些”软专业, 比如说, 会计, 金融, 公共事业管理, 国际贸易, 外语等等。这些时髦的专业不需要太多财资就可以开设, 从而使得学校珂以容纳下这些年的扩招学生。这些专业的毕业生过去受到就业市场的欢迎。然而, 由于这些专业的毕业生日益增多, 使得供需之间产生严重不平衡的现象。【答案】The elite universities enjoy strong state patronage in terms of higher concentration of public resources while the local ones are largely left t

51、o rely on market forces, which means that they have to take in more students in order to secure their revenue. This widening gap inevitably led to deterioration of the quality of higher education in many local colleges, which suffer from a severe shortage of qualified and experienced teaching staff.

52、 Worse still, many of these colleges favored adding“soft”programs, e.g., accounting, business/public administration, international commerce, foreign languages, etc. These popular programs require modest resources, thus providing an effective means for fast expansion. Graduates of these programs used

53、 to be welcomed into the job market. However, the proliferation of these programs has created a huge discrepancy between the supply and demand side.20.单选题You must read between the lines to get the（）meaning.问题1选项A.unanimousB.underlyingC.ultimateD.universal【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。unanimous意见相同的,全体一致的；underlyin

54、g潜在的；ultimate最终的,根本的；universal普遍的,通用的。句意：你必须从字里行间去领会其深层含义。选项B符合句意。21.单选题The relation of the sales tax to the problem of social balance is admirably direct. The community is rich in privately produced goods. It is poor in public services. The obvious solution is to tax the former to provide the latte

55、rby making private goods more expensive, The public goods are made more abundant. Motion pictures, electronic equipment, and cigarettes are made more costly so that schools can be more handsomely supported. We pay more for soap, make-ups, and vacuum cleaners in order that we may have cleaner cities

56、and fewer occasions to use them. We have more expensive cars and gasoline so that we may have highways and streets on which to drive them. Food being comparatively cheap and abundant, we tax it in order to have better services and better health in which to enjoy it. This straightforward solution has

57、 the further advantage that sales taxation can be employed with fair efficiency by states and even by cities. It is in the services rendered by these governments that the problem of social balance is especially severe. The yield of the sales tax increases with increasing production. As wants are pla

58、nned for private goods, more benefits are provided for public use. The general property tax, the principal alternative to the sales tax, is rigid and inflexible. Since its rates must ordinarily be raised for additional services, including those that are associated with increasing income and product,

59、 the burden of proving need is especially heavy. This tax is a poor servant of social balance.1.Which of the following is NOT true?2.The word handsomely (Line 5) means （ ）.3.According to the author, the chief advantage of the sales tax is that it（ ）.4.The property tax is not regarded as an ideal sol

60、ution to social needs because（ ）.5.The author of this passage is most interested in telling us about（ ）.问题1选项A.The property tax is difficult to collect.B.The sales tax can be easily increased.C.The sales tax has little or no social value.D.The community has abundant goods produced by private enterpr