2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号30

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题At midnight, he drove through streets（ ）of traffic.问题1选项A.emptyB.lackingC.lackD.crowded【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。empty of “无，没有”；lack of “缺乏”；crowded with “拥挤，挤满”。句意：午夜时分，他开车穿过空无一人的街道。因此选项A符合题意。2.单选题The government gave a very （

2、 ）explanation of its plan for economic development.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.compoundC.considerableD.complacent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。comprehensive综合的，全面的；compound混合的；considerable重要的，相当大的；complacent满足的。句意：政府对其经济发展计划作了非常全面的解释。选项A符合句意。3.单选题In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in

3、many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of it

4、s people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured

5、their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peo

6、ples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They a

7、re happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living lo

8、nger. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wang

9、chuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbo

10、l for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian l

11、eaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?2.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck

12、 want to do for Bhutan?3.A country shows its progress with GNP by （ ）.4.According to GNH, people are happier if they （ ）.5. Today, many countries are （ ）.问题1选项A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A generalD.A king问题2选项A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage i

13、ts people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs问题3选项A.selling more productsB.spending more moneyC.spending less moneyD.providing more jobs问题4选项A.have new technologyB.can change their religionC.have a good, stable governmentD.have more money问题5选项A.using the principles of GNH to measure thei

14、r progressB.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNHC.talking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progressD.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问吉格梅辛格旺楚克是谁?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck

15、decided to help Bhutan 位名叫Jigme Singye Wangchuck国王的新的统治者决定帮助不丹王国”，所以D选项国王正确2.细节事实题。题干询问除了使不丹现代化，旺楚克还想为不丹做些什么?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.一位名叫吉格梅辛格旺楚克的新统治者决定帮助不丹成为现代化国家，但同时又不丧失其传统。”确定D选项保持其传统和习俗正

16、确。3.细节事实题。题干询问一个国家通过国民生产总值来显示它的进步通过。根据第二段第四句“When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. 当产品销量增加时，人们说这个国家正在取得进步。”确定A选项销售更多的产品正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据GNH，如果人们，他们会更快乐。在文章第三段，列举了衡量GNH的多个标准。只有C选项拥有一个良好、稳定的政府符合该段中的最后一句“people are happier when they have a good, stable g

17、overnment. 当人们拥有一个良好、稳定的政府时，他们会更快乐。”所以C选项正确。5.细节事实题。题干询问如今，许多国家都。根据文章倒数第二段中的第二句和第三句“ Many countries arc now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. 许多国家现在对不丹的GNH感兴趣。这些国家正在研究自己衡量幸福的方法。”确定D选项试图找到自己衡量幸福的方法正确。4.单选题M: Is there anything I can do fo

18、r you. Madam?W: Id like to see some linen, please.Q: Where are the two people?问题1选项A.In a sports department.B.In a textile department.C.In a hotel.D.In a shoe department.【答案】B【解析】根据题目“linen亚麻布”可知B选项纺织部正确。5.单选题The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity was to disco

19、ver an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself,

20、 to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with ab

21、stinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live i

22、solated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a

23、 book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, t

24、hat the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.1.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of （ ）.2.To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of econo

25、mics is （ ）.3.Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to （ ）.4.In the book Walden all of the following can be found except （ ）.5.Thoreaus attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.learning how to live quietlyB.writing a book on philosophyC.discovering wh

26、at humans can learn from natureD.working out the best adjustment to material life .问题2选项A.to live a very simple lifeB.to become self-sufficientC.to live in the countryD.to reform the society问题3选项A.have a better understanding of what life meansB.live harmoniously with natureC.to save as much as one p

27、ossibly canD.to live a life that one is content with问题4选项A.the nature of economyB.the meaning of freedomC.the criticism of societyD.Ruskins philosophy问题5选项A.acceptanceB.avoidanceC.indifferenceD.individualism【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Walden Pond”定位到文中“. he was content to move to

28、Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.”他满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，开始生活的崇高事业，直面生活的基本事实，看看生活能教给他什么。也就是去发现人类可以从大自然中学到什么。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键信息“the problem of economics”定位到文中“As he understood the problem of economics, there

29、 were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator.”随着他对经济学问题的理解，有三种可能的解决方案摆在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者让问题回归到最本质的状态。接下来阐述了前面两种可能都是不可行的；然后解释了“让问题回归到最本质的状态”其实就是过简单快乐的生活，所以选项A正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文“He did not advocate that other men

30、 should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned.”他不主张其他人应该建造小木屋，过与世隔绝的生活。他不想武断地认为什么是最好的生活方式每个人都必须自己解决这个问题。但他非常关心的是，我们应该要过一种令人满意的生活。选项D符合原文。4.推

31、理判断题。根据原文最后几句话可知：“But it is a book of social criticism as well,.”涉及选项C；“In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that.”涉及选项A和D；只有选项B没有涉及，所以本题选B。5.观点态度题。根据原文内容可知，Thoreau满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，过上简单却满足的生活，实际上是想逃离现在的社会，说明他对社会是持逃避的态度，所以选项B正确。选项D含有贬义，所以选项B更恰当。6.单选题It is time the nations of

32、the world （ ）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.would callB.callC.calledD.will call【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。It is time( that) sb. did sth.意为“是做某事的时候了.”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。7.单选题Whats the one word of advice a well-meaning professional would give to a recent college graduate? China? Ind

33、ia! Brazil? How about trade?When the Commerce Department reported last week that the trade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doom saying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The la

34、rger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.But theres another way of looking at the trade data. Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recessiona renewed dec

35、line in the broad level of economic activity in the United Statesbut an economic expansion.The rising volume of trademore goods and services shuttling in and out of the United Statesis good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all

36、 been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign marketswhen we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and mark

37、et. The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the priceagricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies are becoming more involved in

38、 the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GMs balance sheet and hence makes the Jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slack dom

39、estic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. Thats to be expected, given what weve been through. But theres a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand? Unless you want to p

40、ick up and move to India or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but its no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.Companies and individuals who dont have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved in foreig

41、n markers, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lions share of economic opportunity in our world.1.How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficit in June?2.What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?3.Who particularly benefit from the ris

42、ing volume of trade?4.What is one of the challenges facing the American economy?5.What is the authors advice to U.S. companies and individuals?问题1选项A.It reflects Americans preference for imported goods.B.It signifies a change in American economic structure.C.It is the result of Americans growing foc

43、us on domestic market.D.It could lead to slower growth of the national economy.问题2选项A.It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increasedB.It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.C.It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.D.It reflects the fluct

44、uations in the international market.问题3选项A.People who have expertise in international trade.B.Consumers who favor imported goods and services.C.Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.D.Retailer dealing in foreign goods and services.问题4选项A.Competition from overseas.B.Peoples reluctance to

45、spendC.Slack trade activitiesD.Decreasing productivity问题5选项A.To import more cheap goods from developing countries.B.To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.C.To increase their market share overseas.D.To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据

46、文章第二段最后一句，“Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.”，可知悲观主义者认为，如果这种失衡继续下去，可能会导致经济增长放缓。可判断出悲观主义者认为美国6月份的贸易逆差导致国民经济增长放缓。因此选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recessiona r

47、enewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United Statesbut an economic expansion.”，可知过去两年，进出口数据似乎没有显示出二次衰退的迹象，即美国经济活动水平的再次下降，而数据显示是经济扩张。可判断出对于两年的贸易数据，表明美国的经济活动有所增加。因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“The rising tide of trade is also good news for people who work in trade sensitive busines

48、ses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the priceagricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.”，可知对那些从事贸易行业的人来说，贸易上涨也是一个好消息，尤其是那些生产大宗商品，这些商品的价格由全球的需求多决定，如农产品、矿业、金属和石油。可判断出，贸易上涨最受益的是农产品和原材料生产者。因此选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第一二句，“One great challenge for the U.S. economy is sl

49、ack domestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully.”，可知美国经济面临的一个巨大挑战是国内消费需求疲软。美国人正在偿还债务，增加储蓄，从而更加谨慎地消费。可判断出美国经济面临的最大的挑战是人们不愿意消费。因此选项B符合题意。5.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Companies and individuals who dont have a strategy to export more, or to get more involved i

50、n foreign markers, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves out of the lions share of economic opportunity in our world.”，可知作者提出那些没有增加、没有更多参与国外市场、没有在全球贸易中发挥作用的公司和个人，正在把自己推离于世界经济机会的最大份额之外。可判断出作者是建议公司和个人更多参与国外市场和国际贸易，以此来增加海外的市场份额。因此选项C符合题意。8.单选题Harvard Universitys under-graduate educ

51、ation is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is （1）its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this（2）what ma

52、ny people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to（3）its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly（4）is the idea

53、 that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or（5）some exchange programs offered by the university.“（6）studying Chinese history without leaving the un

54、iversity, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard（7）its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in

55、 several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly（8）topic and emphasized “ways of knowing”.Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of（9）“Harvard College Courses”，emphasizing knowledge over methodology and（10）wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might c

56、ombine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.问题1选项A.inspectingB.reviewingC.searchingD.underlying问题2选项A.in accordance withB.in line withC.in charge ofD.in response to问题3选项A.updateB.upholdC.upsetD.upward问题4选项A

57、.trust-worthyB.note-worthyC.praise-worthyD.reward-worthy问题5选项A.turn outB.turn inC.turn toD.turn over问题6选项A.In spite ofB.As ifC.Let aloneD.Rather than问题7选项A.perishB.destroyC.abolishD.denounce问题8选项A.appropriateB.imaginativeC.specialD.specific问题9选项A.opticalB.optionalC.oppositeD.optimistic问题10选项A.sparin

58、gB.spiralingC.spanningD.sparkling【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:C【解析】（1）动词词义辨析题。A选项inspect “检查，视察”；B选项review “评审，审查，检查”；C选项search “搜索，探究”；D选项underlie “构成的基础”。文章第一句介绍了哈佛大学的研究生教育正在进行改革，包括在美国以外的时间和更多的科学课程，由此可以推断出空格句表示 “哈佛大学正在审议大学本科教育课程”，B选项正确。（2）介词词组辨析题。A选项in accordance with “ 根据

59、，按照”；B选项in line with “符合，与.致”；C选项in charge of “负责，主管”；D选项in response to “对做出反应，作为的回应”。由“哈佛大学对课程进行了审议”和空格后的句意是“很多人认为哈佛大学的课程没有提供足够的选择，鼓励过早的专业化”，空格前是改革的举动，所以两句话的逻辑关系是改革是对问题的回应，所以D选项正确。（3）动词词义辨析题。A选项update “使现代化，更新”；B选项uphold “支持，维护”；C选项upset “搅乱,使烦恼”；D选项upward “向上的，上涨的”。根据上一段的“哈佛大学正进行大学本科教育改革” 可知本句句意是哈

60、佛需要更新它的教育，以适应一个全球联系、跨学科研究和科学越来越重要的世界，A选项“使现代化，更新”正确。（4）形容词词义辨析题。A选项trust-worthy“可靠的，可信赖的”；B选项note-worthy“值得注意的，显著的”；C选项praise-worthy “值得称赞的，可嘉的”；D选项reward-worthy “值得奖励的”。空格所填入的词语修饰空后名词the idea，句意特别是，学生们需要在海外度过一段时间，要么参加传统的海外留学项目，要么度过一个暑假，或许是去实习或做研究。 B选项符合逻辑正确。（5）动词词组辨析题。A选项turn out “出席（某项活动），结果是”；B选项