2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号14

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Last month, Mars and Earth were at the closest points in their （ ） orbits. The distance between the two worlds was 68 million kilometers.问题1选项A.identicalB.respectiveC.rigidD.reverse【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。 identical恒一的,完全相

2、同的; respective各自的,分别的; rigid严格的,僵硬的; reverse反面的。句意：上个月火星和地球在各自轨道上的距离最近, 两个世界之间的距离是6800万公里。选项B符合句意。2.单选题The structure of this animals brain given no（ ） that it is any more intelligent than others.问题1选项A.indicationB.indexC.hintD.implication【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。give no hint that指没有显示出，没有表明出 。句意：这种动物的大脑结构并没有显

3、示出它比其他动物更聪明。3.单选题She criticized my writing but in a way that was very（ ） . I learned a lot from her.问题1选项A.autonomousB.constructiveC.fundamentalD.elementary【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous 自治的;constructive 有益的, 建没性的;fundamental基本的, 必要的; elementary基本的, 初级的。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。 选项B符合句意。4.单选题I

4、n the （ ） chapters, the professor has traced the redefinition of Britains global position in recent decades.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.abidingC.precedingD.wielding【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。obsolete废弃的，老旧的；abiding永久的，持久的，不变的；preceding在前的，前述的； wielding运用。句意：在前几章中，这位教授追溯了近几十年来英国全球地位的重新定义。选项C符合句意。5.单选题Competitors from more

5、 than a hundred countries have （ ）in Los Angeles for the Olympic Games.问题1选项A.denouncedB.convergedC.detachedD.sprawled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。denounced谴责，揭发，声明.无效；converged聚集，齐聚；detached分离的；sprawled平躺的。句意：来自100多个国家的运动员齐聚洛杉矶参加奥运会。选项B符合句意。6.单选题The color and smell of water in these rivers（ ） itself how serious

6、the pollution is but many people are still ignoring he fact.问题1选项A.illustratesB.demonstratesC.manifestsD.exemplifies【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。manifest oneself 显现, 显露;illustrate 说明, 阐明;demonstrate 举行示威游行（或集会）;说明;exemplify例示，举例证明。句意：这些河水的颜色和气味表明了污染的严重性，但是许多人仍然忽视了这个事实。选项C更恰当。7.单选题Poverty and domestic violence ma

7、ke it easy for her to trust that bad things will happen and take this （ ） happiness away.问题1选项A.adversaryB.vulgarC.fragileD.superfluous【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。8.单选题Shallow pools of water are liable to attra

8、ct mosquitoes and other （ ） .问题1选项A.insectsB.fliesC.garbageD.garage【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。insects昆虫;flies苍蝇;garbage垃圾;garage仓库。句意：浅水区容易吸引蚊子和其他昆虫。选项A符合句意。 9.单选题He was in extreme state of distress and depression when he knew that he had （ ） lung cancer.问题1选项A.extractedB.contractedC.abstractedD.attracted【答案】B

9、【解析】固定搭配题。contract a disease为固定搭配, 意为感染疾病 ; extract提取;搾出, 一般与介词from连用; abstract 提取,摘要; attract吸引, 引起的注意。句意：当他知道自己得了肺癌时，他极度痛苦和沮丧。10.单选题Plastic sheeting should be wrapped around the tree in winner to（ ） it from the wind and the frost.问题1选项A.recoverB.shieldC.shadeD.rescue【答案】B【解析】recover from恢复; shield

10、与from庇护,使免遭; shade不与from搭配, rescue from从.中营救。句意：应该用塑料布把树裹起来, 以防止风和霜冻。选项B符合句意。11.案例题Feeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the （1） equipment there show that there is nothing wrong.Then consider this, you migh

11、t be in a （2） of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state, is （3） as a borderline slate between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 per cent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among peop

12、le who work in management （4） as well as students around exam-time. This may be due to their heightened （5） to stress.Symptoms include a （6） of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation and （7） memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and leg

13、s.According to some medical experts, the （8） to preventing and recovering from sub-health is to form good living habits. （9） work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in （10） air activities will all help.As for meals, people are （11）to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh

14、 vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritious （12） , such as vitamins, which are （13） to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause （14） changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a （15） diet is very helpful in

15、 avoiding sub-health.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the w

16、ords in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.position define forgetful fancy key balance importanceunhealthy lack subject open plenty exposure alternateelement state require poor advise indispensable【答案】1. fancy 2.state 3. defined 4.position 5.exposure6. lack 7. poo

17、r 8. key 9. alternate 10. open11. advised 12. elements 13. indispensable 14. unhealthy 15. balanced【解析】1.根据句意可知，这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰医院的设备，据常识推断，医院的设备都是很昂贵的，fancy有昂贵的意思。2.这里为固定搭配，a state of指处于某种状态，原文指处于亚健康的状态。3. 根据原文可知这里是对亚健康的定义，.被定义为用被动语态，所以这里应填入defined。4.in management position指在管理岗位上。原文句意：在管理岗位上人员和应试的学生中

18、，这一比例甚至更高。5.exposure to指暴露，显露。原文句意：这可能是由于他们更多地暴露于压力的环境之下。6. 本句是讲亚健康的症状，根据后面的描述可知这里指缺乏活力。a lack of为固定搭配。7. 本题与上一题相同，都是亚健康的状态，poor memory为常见搭配，指记性差，健忘。8. 根据句意可知，这里指预防和恢复亚健康的关键，the key to为固定搭配。9. 根据句意可知，这里指工作和休息交替进行。alternate符合原文。10. 根据原文可以推测，这里指户外运动。open air指露天的，户外的。11. advise sB.to do sth.建议某人做某事的被动表

19、达为sB.be advised to do sth.，所以这里应填入被动形式。12. 根据句意可知，这里指水果蔬菜和鱼含有丰富的营养元素，比如维他命。元素为可数名词，所以要加s.13. 根据句意可知，维他命是人体必不可少的元素之一。indispensable相对于required要更恰当。14. 根据常识可推断，吃太多是不好的，因为它会导致消化道产生不健康的变化。所以这里应填入unhealthy.15. 根据下文的helpful可推测，这里指健康的饮食。a balanced diet为常见用法，意为均衡饮食。12.单选题The virus attacks the plant, the flow

20、er does not open, and （ ） no seeds are produced.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.subsequentlyC.simultaneouslyD.spontaneously【答案】A【解析】副词辨析题。consequently因此，结果；subsequently随后，后来；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously 自发地，不由自主地。句意：病毒攻击植物，花不能开放，因此种子也没有发芽。这里强调的是因果联系，所以选项A正确。13.单选题Because of the massive oil spillage in the g

21、ulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in（ ） .问题1选项A.destinyB.amenityC.jeopardyD.tragedy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。destiny命运, 天命;amenity 娱乐设施;jeopardy危险, 危难;in jeopardy指处于危险境地;tragedy灾难,悲剧。句意：由于海湾大量石油泄漏，该地区的动植物都处于危险之中。选项C正确。14.单选题Both sides at the conflict have agreed temporarily to （ ） hostilitie

22、s.问题1选项A.suspendB.reconcileC.compromiseD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Suspend延缓,推迟; reconcile使一致,使和解;compromise妥协,和解; negotiate谈判,交涉。句意：冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。选项A符合句意 。15.单选题The kitchen was small and（ ）so that the disabled woman could reach everything without difficulty.问题1选项A.complexB.completeC.compactD.compo

23、site【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。complex复合的, 复杂的; complete 完整的, 彻底的; compact 紧凑的, 简洁的; composite 混合的, 综合的。句意：厨房小而紧凑，残疾妇女可以毫不费力地够到任何东西。选项C符合句意。16.单选题The relationship between technology and development is complicate.At times the negative features of technology seem to _ the positive ones.问题1选项A.withdrawB.discharge

24、C.maximizeD.outweigh【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。withdraw取回;（使）撤退;discharge解雇,卸下;maximize使最大化;outweigh 胜过,超过。句意：技术与发展之间的关系很复杂。有时，技术的负面特征似乎超过正面特征。选项D符合句意。17.单选题The Chinese language differs （ ） from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation.问题1选项A.considerablyB.consistentlyC.c

25、onfidentlyD.continually【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably相当地,十分地; consistently一贯地,始终如一地; confidently自信地,确信地; continually不断地,连续地。句意：由于书写体系和发音的不同, 汉语和英语有很大的不同。选项A符合句意 。18.单选题Mrs. Thompson gave us a （ ） account of what had happened;thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance.问题1选项A.curve

26、dB.distortedC.twistedD.tangled【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。curved弯曲的;distorted 歪曲的;曲解的,常指叙述事实的歪曲;twisted 扭曲的,常指物体的变形或者心理变态 ;tangled缠结的,复杂的。句意：Thompson夫人歪曲了所发生事情的事实，这就是我们不再相信她说的话的原因。选项B符合句意。19.单选题For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents （ ） the construction plan.问题

27、1选项A.approvedB.counteredC.defendedD.opposed【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。approved批准, 认可;counter反击, 反驳, 强调的是别人先做某个动作或者提出某种观点, 自己再来反击或者驳斥;defended辩护;oppose反对, 反抗, 对抗, 可表不同程度的抵抗, 用法和object接近, 但oppose为及物动词, 不需要介词。句意：由于担心新的购物中心会破坏社区的和平, 许多居民反对这项建设计划。选项D正确。20.单选题Due to sluggish market conditions, the factorys workforce

28、has （ ） from over 4,000 to a few hundred.问题1选项A.proclaimedB.dwindledC.repressedD.indulged【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。 proclaimed公告；dwindled减少，变小，缩小；repressed抑制，镇压，约束；indulged放任，放纵。句意：由于市场不景气，工厂的工人已从4000多人减少到几百人。选项B符合句意。21.单选题The doctor was in a （ ） as to whether to tell the patient the truth or a lie.问题1选项A.prud

29、enceB.dilemmaC.secrecyD.psychology【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。prudence谨慎；dilemma困境，进退两难；secrecy保密；psychology心理学。句意：医生陷入进退两难的困境，不知该告诉病人真相还是谎言。选项B符合句意。22.单选题In the professions where women （ ） numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.问题1选项A.tolerateB.integrateC.predominateD.accumu

30、late【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使.完整；predominate支配，主导，在.中占优势；accumulate 累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。23.单选题To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more（ ） and more reliable than those of their competitors.问题1

31、选项A.innovativeB.commensurateC.enlighteningD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightening富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。24.单选题Having published more than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, she is held in high （ ）

32、by her colleagues.问题1选项A.esteemB.evaluationC.estateD.ego【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。esteem尊重, 尊敬;evaluation评价;estate财产;ego自负。句意：她在一些一流的刊物上发表了十多篇论文, 深受同事们的尊敬。选项A符合句意。25.单选题（ ）from power, he had to go back to his hometown and toil in his little farm.问题1选项A.RelinquishedB.TumbledC.DisplacedD.Retrieved【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题

33、。Relinquished放弃；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去权力后，他不得不回到家乡，在他的小农场里劳作。relinquish power指被迫交出权力。选项A符合句意。26.单选题Do you know the fact that broad bean contain （ ） that must be destroyed by cooking them at high temperature before eating them?问题1选项A.flakeB.aromaC.etherD.toxin【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。f

34、lake小薄片，火花;aroma芳香, 香味;ether乙醚 ;toxin毒素。句意：你知道吗？蚕豆含有毒素，吃之前必须用高温烹煮。选项D符合句意。27.单选题Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high （ ） on honesty.问题1选项A.convictionB.inferenceC.cautionD.prem

35、ium【答案】D【解析】固定搭配题。put a high premium on髙度重视。句意：离开他们的职业，科学家本质上并不比其他人更诚实或更有道德。但在他们的职业生涯中，他们是在一个髙度重视诚信的领域里工作的。28.单选题While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made （ ） observations.问题1选项A.of-the-spotB.in-the-spotC.on-the-spotD.at-the-spot【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。on-the

36、-pot指立即, 当场。句意：当其他人坐在家里研究这一课题的论文时，Jefferson上了一艘船并进行了现场观察。29.单选题There are laws to specify the person（s） who will obtain a dead persons （ ） if no will exists.问题1选项A.heritageB.fameC.estateD.prestige【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。heritage遗产;fame名声;estate房地产, 财产;prestige威望。句意：法律规定, 如果没有遗嘱, 谁将获得死者的遗产。选项C符合句意。30.单选题Such

37、occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。31.单选题The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the （

38、 ） of periods of light and darkness.问题1选项A.alterationB.alternationC.alternativeD.altercation【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。alteration变更，改变；alternation交替，更迭；alternative二选一，供替代的选择；altercation争执。句意：地球绕着地轴运转是日夜交替出现的原因。选项B符合句意。32.单选题The best films arc those which （ ） national or cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.tran

39、sitC.transcribeD.transact【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。transcend超越，胜过；transit运输；transcribe抄写；transact办理，交易。句意：最好的电影是那些超越了民族或文化障碍的电影。选项A符合句意。33.单选题Novels and short stories from a librarys fiction collection are a good （ ） of enjoyable reading practice.问题1选项A.exitB.resourceC.entryD.source【答案】D【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉

40、快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有来源的意思。所以选项D正确。34.单选题He had a quarrel with his wife and just（ ） her.问题1选项A.became ofB.got hold ofC.walked out onD.passed over【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。became of 使遭遇;降临于;发生情况;got hold of 抓住;握住, 占有;walked out on 丢在一边;passed over 越过;忽略;宽恕;回避。句意：他和妻子吵了一架, 然后把她丢在一边。选项C符合句意。35.单选题Some traveler

41、s believe carriers intentionally ground half-filled flights to cut cost, only to fill up later planes. Mysterious cancellations just rub people the wrong way. One passenger complained that an American Airlines gate agent told him he didnt have the foggiest idea why a flight had been cancelleD.Wary o

42、f lost bags and long waits at check-in and luggage carousel, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as they can, slowing boarding and increasing the stress on other passengers. Stephanie Mehas, a passenger, said, Always pack two properly sized carryons, she says, but many people come ba

43、nging down the aisle with multiple bags, expecting to jam them all in the overhead bin. This can be dangerous. Falling carry-on bags annually injure thousands of passengers.As to the present situation, veteran airline observer Robert Poole contends that legislation and industry promisesare stopgaps.

44、 Greater regulation will do nothing to spur innovation, and, he notes, between 1998 and 2010, air travel in America will have expended 40 percent to one billion annual passengers, overwhelming our ready strained infrastructure. Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continu

45、e its over-all downward trend.The ultimate solution, says Poole, is to complete the unfinished revolution that began in 1978 with government deregulation of airline routes and fares. Poole believes that the antiquated, overly bureaucratic air-traffic-control system could be privatized, following the

46、 successful model of Nav Canada, which uses high-tech equipment and modern administrative procedure. Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets. More of these airports will relieve the pres

47、sure on the big airports, but put pressure on the carriers to improve.1.The sentence . didnt have the foggiest idea in Line 3 means （ ） .2.Too much hand baggage can cause some problems EXCEPT （ ） .3.In Pooles view, which of the following will do for a change?4.Besides privatization, Poole also puts

48、forward another solution, that is（ ）5.Which of the following best fits for the title?问题1选项A.he didnt knowB.he knew, but couldnt sayC.be vaguely knewD.he was not in a position to know试题分析问题2选项A.safety problems on board the planeB.more time in boardingC.pressure on other passengersD.disorder on the pl

49、ane问题3选项A.Legislation.B.Industry commitment.C.Regulation.D.Expansion of the present system.问题4选项A.more use of jetsB.less restriction on routes and faresC.the adoption of high-tech equipmentD.establishment of secondary airports问题5选项A.The Airlines Are in TroubleB.The Inefficiency of the AirlinesC.Prob

50、lems and Solutions for the AirlinesD.The System of the Airlines Should Change【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy, 意为模糊的。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 行李过多会导致登机速度更慢, 也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人, 所以选项A, B, C均正确, 只有选项D未提及。3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 Poole定

51、位到第二段。根据第三句Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.他预计, 除非该系统得到扩展, 否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using

52、new fuel-efficient jets.。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场, 它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。36.单选题From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office, its impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is（ ） the way people live and work.问题1选项A.resumingB.tran

53、sformingC.preparingD.seeking【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。resuming重新开始, 继续;transforming 转化, 转变;preparing准备;seeking寻找, 谋求。句意：从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室, 人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。选项B符合句意。37.单选题No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it had been （ ）to Bach.问题1选项A.associatedB.identifiedC.attributedD.consider

54、ed【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。 associate通常与with搭配,意为交往,结合; identify to认出,识别; attribute to归属,把归于, consider不与to搭配。句意：没人知道是谁谱写了这首曲子, 但它是巴赫的作品。选项C正确。38.单选题He was very intelligent, but he （ ） the requirement for a manager.问题1选项A.fell short ofB.ran short ofC.ran out ofD.froze out of【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。fell short of达不到, 缺乏;

55、ran short of快用完了;ran out of用完;froze out of不是词组。句意：他很聪明, 但达不到管理职位的要求。选项A符合句意。39.单选题The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another （ ） decision to be made.问题1选项A.criticalB.plentifulC.decentD.massive【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。critical决定性的, 关键性的; plenti

56、ful丰富的, 大量的;decent 得体的,令人满意的; massive可观的, 巨大的。句意：在最初的几个月里, 我害怕听到电话铃响, 因为我知道这意味着我要做出一个重要的决定。plentiful 和massive都表示数量的巨大, 而critical表示程度的重要。所以选项A正确。40.单选题The teacher wrote a brief comment in the（ ） to show the student why it was wrong.问题1选项A.manualB.marginC.edgeD.verge【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。manual手册, 指南;margin页

57、边空白;边缘;余地，一般指书的边缘; edge边缘;刀刃;优势一般指悬崖边上; verge边, 边缘, 界线,常见用法为on the verge of，意为濒临于。句意：老师在页边空白处写了简短的评语，向学生说明为什么错了。选项B符合句意。41.单选题When Mr. Johns went shopping at the thrift store, he was looking for a （ ） .问题1选项A.bargainB.chargeC.gainD.purchase【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根

58、据句中的关键词 the thrift store（旧货店，二手店）判断, 选项A更符合句意。 42.单选题Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and （ ） by the same federal laws.问题1选项A.conformB.abideC.sustainD.comply【答案】B【解析】固定搭配题。abide by指遵守.; conform遵守,符合, 一般与to和with搭配; sustain承受;维持; comply遵从，服从，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言, 并且遵守

59、同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。43.单选题Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully （ ） and sentenced.问题1选项A.prosecutedB.propagatedC.persecutedD.precipitated【答案】A【解析】prosecute起诉,告发; propagate传播,传送;繁殖; persecute迫害,困扰; precipitate使沉淀;促成。句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。选项A符合句意。44.单选题All Eskimos live most

60、 of their lives close to salt or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen grow right on rocks. And whe