高考英语语法填空答题技巧

1、考英语语法填空答题技巧语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空 格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题 型设计分三种情况：一、纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1:在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。例 1 ： I can t send a messa

2、ge to Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second.技巧2:名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，很可能是填限定词。例 2 ： It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help 2 rice crop grow upquickly.技巧3:名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。例 3 ： who should have the honour

3、of receiving me3 a guest in their house.技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例 4 ： two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.技巧5:若两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从属连词(连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。例 5: The greatest magician of all time was Harry Hou

4、dini 5 _died in 1926.例 6 ： He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day,6 he felt very happy.技巧6:由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构的形式，判断 it还是that。判断方法：去掉 it isthat结构，句子还是一个完整 的句子就是强调句型。(2)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.例 7: and 7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn t

5、 eat MSG (味精).例 8 ： - as 8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.例 9: Dating sites also makes 9_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(3)在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until 等词。例 10: _10 with hard work can you expect

6、 to get pay rise.so / such that 句型例 11 ： This made the goat so jealous 11 it began plotting against the donkey.morethan(与其说不如说，比更)句型。例 12 ： Cynthia s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 12 how muchhe pays.二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7:若句子没有别

7、的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例 13： When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.例 14 ： That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14_(close) my book and walkedaway.例 15 ： In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others w

8、ere treated at a local clinic.例 16 ： Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 (result) the contrary to our intention.(2008 年广东高考语法填空)例 17: Now, Valentine s Day is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.技巧8:若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：

9、(1)作主语或宾语，通常用 v-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。例 18： but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.例 19：19 _(speak) out your inner feeling won t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary (2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例 20： _20_(complete) the project as planed, we ll have to work two more hou

10、rs a day.(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v-ing);若是被动关系，用过去分词(-ed)。例 21 ： He saw the stone, _21_(say) to himself: the night will be very dark.”例 22: The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests.技巧9:动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。例 23: There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of

11、physical pain.例 24: They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes例 25: These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work.三、词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三 种。技巧10:作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态)，通常用形容词形式。例 26: The youngst

12、er immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例 27: Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。例 28 ： As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that 例 29： 29 (fortune),the guest escaped

13、unharmed.技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思 及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。例 30 ： People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use).例 31: Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the o

14、ffice.技巧13:括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。例 32: The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.例 33: The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.例 34： ，but he felt very happy s

15、ince the crop did grow 34 (high)以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。Passage 1 (2015?新课标全国 I )阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I _1_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _2_, Idbeen at home in Hong Kong , with _3_

16、 (it) choking smog.Here , the air was clean and fresh , even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin , a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_ (painting).Instead , Id headed straight for Yangshuo

17、.For those who fly to Guilin , its only an hour away _6_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo _7_ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers _8_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becomin

18、g a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent , a travel company in Hong Kong , says it _9_ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _10_ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【语篇导读】桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。作者讲述了从香港去阳朔旅游时的所见。.解析：考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。答案 arrived.解析：

19、考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句答案 before/earlier答案 答案 built.解析：考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog,故要使用形容词性物主代词。答案its.解析：考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountaintops and dark waters ,关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为 that/ which。答案 that/ which.解析：考查名词的复数。“ so many+复数名词”为一常用短语。答案 paintings.解析：考查介词的固定用

20、法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by+交通工具名词”为一固定短语。答案 by.解析：考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是 单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。答案is.解析：考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted by意为由所做的。答案 conducted.解析：考查副词的用法。该词修饰谓语动词arrange,故要用其副词形式。答案 regularly.解析：考查现在分词短语作后置定语的用法。由于 live与其所修饰的名词pe

21、ople之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。答案livingPassage 2 (2015?新课标全国 n )阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings( 土坯房)_1_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty , what makes the

22、 adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_(able) to “ air condition “ a house without _4_(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _5_(slow)during cool nights , thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their

23、 heat and are now cold enough _6_ (cool) the house during the hot day : _7_ the same time , they warm up again for the night.This cycle _8_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As_9_(nat

24、ure) architects , the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【语篇导读】相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房 能够调节温度的原理。.解析：考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语 dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分 词形式。又由by 一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。.解析：考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形

25、容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。答案 the.解析：考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将 able转化为其名词形式。答案 ability.解析：考查介词的用法。介词 without之后的动词要用动名词形式。答案 using.解析：考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放 出来。修饰谓语动词give out,因此要用副词形式。答案 slowly.解析：考查固定句式的用法。“形容词+enough+动词不定式”为一常用句式。答案 to cool.解析：考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为同时”，是一个常

26、用介词短语。答案 at.解析：考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。答案 goes.解析：考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects ,故要用形容词形式。答案 natural.解析：考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how o答案 howPassage 3 (2015?福建)阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。Sometimes we

27、 have disagreements with people.When this (1)h, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument.Here (2)my tips for you.The (3)f thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (4)ano

28、ther student who you think isnt doing her share of the housework.If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework.(5)are you going to do about it? , the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.Its much more (6)( 有帮助)to say something like, “I think we had (7)b have another look abo

29、ut how we divide up the housework.Maybe there is a better way of dealing with it. ”My second piece of (8)a is simple.If youre the person who is in the wrong, just admit it! This is the easiest andbest way to avoid an argument.Just make an (9)(道歉),and move on.The other person will have more respect f

30、oryou (10)the future if you do that.答案:happens 2.are 3.first 4.with 5.What 6.helpful/beneficial 7.better 8.advice 9.apology 10.inPassage 4 （2015?湖南）Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Research has become both simpler and more c

31、omplex. Its simpler because, _1_ you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you dont have to go to _2_ library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet _3_ print the copie

32、s needed.Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you _4_ always rely just on the Internet for your research.While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become _5_ complex. There is a lot more material available, whi

33、ch means you may be overwhelmed _6_ the amount of information. You need to learn _7_ to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, _8_need to check the accuracy of it.【语篇导读】随着电脑和因特网的出现，研究变得既简单又复杂。一方面，我们不必像以往一样在书中搜索资料，这为我 们提供了极大的方便；另一方面，网络中众多的资料良莠不齐，选择准确的信息使我们的工

34、作变得愈加复杂。.解析：考查状语从句。根据句意，如果你有了电脑，你可以通过上网获得所需的信息。答案if.解析：考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆;in the library在图书馆。答案 the.解析：考查连词。and连接并列谓语find和print。答案 and.解析：考查情态动词。根据上文你应该（should）查阅不同的资料。答案 shouldnt.解析：考查形容词比较级。参见上文第一句more complex o答案 more.解析：考查介词。be overwhelmed with 面临，陷入。答案 with.解析：考查疑问词。根据句意，你需要学习如何分类并找到特定任

35、务的相关信息。how to do是含有疑问词的不定式，在此处作宾语。答案 how.解析：考查代词。参见上文 You need to learn how to sort throug.答案 youPassage 5 （2014?新课标全国 I ）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969 , the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland , Ohio.

36、It _1_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual) caught fire and burned.Now , years later, this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _4_ even a few months.It took years

37、of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally , that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _7_ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how

38、 to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation , dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation , for most of us the _9_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work , like cleaning

39、up a polluted river.Just be _10_(patience).答案解析：.解析：文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。答案 was.解析：修饰动词 caught,用副词actually 实际上。答案 actually.解析：most outstanding 是最高级，前面需要加the。答案 the.解析：河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。答案 or.解析：这里考查固定句型： It takes some time to do sth 做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce o答案 to reduce.解析：根据下文tha

40、n知用形容词的比较级。答案 cleaner.解析：habit是先行词，故用 that/which引导定语从句。答案 that/which.解析：是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories ,而amazed指人感到吃惊的，用来修饰人。答案 amazing.解析：根据句子的谓语“ are”可知主语应为复数。答案 changes.解析：根据空格前系动词“ be”可知这里应为形容词。答案 patientPassage 6 (2014?广东)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语 的正确形式填空。Last year, my brother a

41、nd I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _1_was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went , we had planned for months.When the day came , we were ready.After our plane landed , we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _2_(early), but

42、 the manat the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _3_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _4_ for the week after.I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _6_ the reservation.Whats worse , the hotel had been fully booked.When we

43、were wondering what to do, the manager came out.She was _7_(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room , and we werent charged extra.The next day , my brother and I went to the beach _9_ we watched some pe

44、ople play volleyball.We got a little _10_(sunburn) , but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.7语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排 在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。.解析：在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的 Miami这个地方，应用it。答案it.解析：在句中作状语

45、，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。答案 earlier.解析：由句意可知，是“我们被告知“，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。答案 were told.解析：根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的，为notbut结构。答案 but.解析：意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用 why引导宾语从句。答案 why.解析：chargefor是习惯搭配。答案 for.解析：因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful ,所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful ,指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填 surprisingly。答案 surprising

46、ly.解析：特指“在顶楼”。答案 the.解析：先行词是地点the beach ,且在定语从句中作状语，故填 where (=on which =and on the beach=and there)。答案 whereburnt 或.解析：在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词;sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt 或burned答案 sunburnt/sunburnedPassage 7 (2014?福建)阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。Many of us were r

47、aised with the saying “Waste not, want not. None of us, (1)h, can completely avoid waste in our lives.Any kind of waste is thoughtless.Whether we waste our potential talents , our own time , our limited natural (2) (资源)，our money , or other peoples time , each of us can become more aware and careful

48、.The smallest good habits can make a big (3)d .Its a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our (4)b in a world that is inserious trouble.By focusing on (5)( 节省)oil, water, paper, food , and clothing , we are playing a part (6) cutting down on waste.We must keep reminding (7) (自己)that it is

49、 easier to get into something (8) it is to get out of it.Actually , severe damage (9)d to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.Its time for us to (10)no to waste so that our grandchildrens children will be able to develop well.We cant solve all the problems of waste , but we can

50、 encourage mindfulness.Waste not!答案解析：.解析：句意：然而，在我们的生活中，没有人能完全避免浪费。位于句中，前后都有逗号，用副词， 所以填however。答案 however.解析：作waste的宾语，故用名词形式，且用名词复数。答案 resources.解析：句意：最小的好习惯也会起作用。make a difference是固定用法，意思是有影响，起作用。答案 difference.解析：do ones best是固定用法，意思是尽某人最大的努力。答案 best.解析：介词on之后用动词的-ing形式。答案 saving.解析：play a part in

51、是固定用法，意思是在中起作用。答案in.解析：句意：我们必须不断地提醒我们自己，所以填反身代词ourselves。答案 ourselves.解析：这里进行比较，所以用比较句式，故填 than。答案 than.解析：“严重危害”和“作用于”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。答案 答案 at答案 答案 If/When答案 done.解析：句意：是时候对浪费说不了。It is time for sb to do sth是固定用法，意思是是时候做某事了。”答案 sayPassage 8 （2014?湖南）Directions: Complete the following passage by fi

52、lling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.We can choose our friends , but usually we cannot choose our neighbors.However , to get a happy home life, we have to get along with _1_ as well as possible.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for _2_.People should not do t

53、hings _3_ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.For example , television sets need not be played at full volume （音量）_4_ loud pop music should not be played very late at night.By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors , you can enjoy _5_ friendly relationship with them.An equally importa

54、nt quality is tolerance.Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people,_6_ there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable._7_ neighbors want to get along well with each other, they have to show their tolerance.In this way , everyone will live _8_ peace.【语篇导读】我们可以选择朋

55、友，却无法选择邻居；因此处理好邻里关系至关重要。该篇文章主要说明如何处理好邻里关系。.解析：根据句式结构此处缺少get along with的宾语，根据上下文句意所填词汇应是前文提到的neighbors , 故用代词 them。答案 them.解析：根据句式结构此处缺少介词for的宾语，应填名词或代词，根据下文意思可以总结出“好邻居的重要品质是为他人着想”，故填 others。答案 othersthings指物，在从句中做主语,.解析：分析结构可知此句中需要填的是定语从句的引导词，先行词是 故用 that/which。things指物，在从句中做主语,答案 that/which.解析：此处缺少连词，根据句意可知上下文是并列加顺延的关系，故用and答案 and.解析：此处考查冠词。relationship此处作可数名词，且第一次出现，用 a。答案 a.解析：此处缺少连词。根据语境：“邻居们应该尽其所能避免打搅别人，但有时一些搅扰是不可避免 的”。此处上下文是转折关系，故用 but。答案 but.解析：此处缺少连词。根据句意：“如果邻居们想要和睦相处他们应互相忍让。”所填词汇应能引导 条件状语或时间状语从句，故用If或When。.解析