高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（三）课件牛津译林

1、2021/8/11 星期三1牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（三）2021/8/11 星期三221. approach( P18, M4): You must decide what approach you want to use.approach2021/8/11 星期三3Usage 1: 【C】, a method of doing sth. or dealing with a problem e.g.: a new approach to cancer treatment 治疗癌症的新方法 2021/8/11 星期三4Usage 2: 【U】, 靠近，接近，临近e.g.: (1) Ou

2、r approach drove away the wild animals. 我们的靠近驱走了野生动物。 (2) The approach of winter brings cold weather. 冬天来了，天气冷了。2021/8/11 星期三5Usage 3: 【C】, a way of getting in e.g.: All approaches to the town were blocked. 所有通往城里的路都被堵上了。2021/8/11 星期三6Usage 4: 【C】, an act of speaking to sb. (about sth.) for the firs

3、t time 初次跟人打交道，接触2021/8/11 星期三7e.g.: We have made approaches to them with a view to forming a business partnership. 为了和他们建立商业伙伴关系，我 们进行了接洽。2021/8/11 星期三8Usage 5: vi. or vt., 走进，靠近，接近e.g.: (1) Silently we approached the enemys camp. 我们悄悄地靠近了敌人的营地。 (2) The time is approaching when we will have to leav

4、e. 我们离开的时间到了。 2021/8/11 星期三9(3) We had to work in temperatures approaching 35. 我们不得不在接近35 的高温下工作。(4) Hes a good player, but doesnt approach international standard. 他是个不错的选手，但还没达到国际标准。(5) Hes approaching 80. 他快80了。 .2021/8/11 星期三10Usage 6: to speak to sb. , esp. in order to make a request or suggesti

5、on for the first time （初次）接洽；交涉；打交道e.g.: Did he approach you about lending him some money? 他有没有找你借钱？2021/8/11 星期三11扩展: approachable, adj., easy to speak to or deal with; friendly 易亲近的，易交谈的，易与之打 交道的；友善的； able to approach 可接近的；能够达到的e.g.: Youll find the director a very approachable person. 你会发现董事长是非常可亲

6、的人。2021/8/11 星期三12Usage 7: vt., to begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑，对付，处理e.g.: There are several ways of approaching this problem. 处理这个问题有好几种方法。2021/8/11 星期三1321. concern(P38, M5): As the third longest river in the world, it is clear to see why the environmental problems of the Yangtze River have

7、 raised concern both nationally and internationally.concern2021/8/11 星期三14Usage 1 : uncountable noun, worry; anxiety 担心；忧虑e.g.: (1) a matter of considerable public concern 公众非常担心的问题 (2) a teachers concern for his students 教师对学生的关心之情 2021/8/11 星期三15e.g.: (3) There is no reason for concern; your sonac

8、cident was not too serious. 没必要担心，你儿子的事故不太严重。 (4) The report expressed serious concern about the doctors competence. 报告表达了对该名医生能力的极大担忧。2021/8/11 星期三16Usage 2: 【C】所关切的事；有利害关 系的事e.g.: (1) How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我赚多少钱与你无关。 2021/8/11 星期三17(2) a policy that fails to deal with the

9、concerns of ethnic minorities 一项未能针对少数民族人民所关切 之事的政策2021/8/11 星期三18Usage 3: vt., to be about 与有关系，涉及e.g.: The article concerns a man who is wrongly imprisoned. 这篇文章写的是一个被冤屈而 坐牢的人。2021/8/11 星期三19Usage 4: vt., to be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 与有关；对有影响2021/8/11 星期三20e.g.: (1) These

10、problems concern all of us. 这些问题关系到我们所有的人。 (2) This regulation does not concern you, so dont worry. 这项规定与你无关，别担心。 (3) To whom it may concern 敬启者2021/8/11 星期三21扩展1： concerned adj. Usage1: anxious, worried; having an active personal interest.2021/8/11 星期三22e.g.: (1) He has never been very concerned ab

11、out what other people may think of him. 他从不在乎别人对他的想法。 (2) I am concerned for their happiness. 我关心他们的幸福。2021/8/11 星期三23(3) The childrens mother was very concerned for their safety when they didnt come back from school at the usual time. 当孩子们放学后不能按时回家时， 母亲非常担心他们的安全。2021/8/11 星期三24Usage 2: 有关的，有牵连的；参与的

12、e.g.: (1) Everyone who was concerned in the affair regrets it very much. 所有参与此事的人都非常后悔。 2021/8/11 星期三25(2) I have enjoyed my visit very much, and would like to thank all the people concerned. 我对访问非常满意，感谢所有有关人员。(3) Ill pass on your comments to the people concerned. 我会把你的评论转达给相关人士。2021/8/11 星期三26扩展3：

13、固定词组：be concerned with : to be aboute.g.: This story is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century. 故事讲述的是十九世纪时的一个俄国家庭。2021/8/11 星期三27扩展4: 固定词组：as far as Im / youre, etc.，concernede.g.: As far as Im concerned the whole idea is crazy. 就我而言，整个想法是疯狂的。2021/8/11 星期三28扩展5： where something is conc

14、erned 就某事而言，在某种事情上e.g.: Where money is concerned, I always try to be very careful. 在钱这种事上，我总是力图谨慎。2021/8/11 星期三29扩展6：concerning prep.较正式, 关于e.g.: (1) Concerning your request, I am pleased to inform you that 2021/8/11 星期三30(2) Police are anxious to hear any information concerning his whereabouts. 警察非

15、常想得到有关他的下落的信息。 2021/8/11 星期三3122. take on(P11, M6): In an interview, he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign students.take on2021/8/11 星期三32Usage1：接受（工作等； 承担（责任等） e.g.: My doctor says Im too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on. 医生说我太累了，建议我不要再 接受工作。2021/8/11 星期三33U

16、sage 2: to start to employ e.g.: Weve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department. 我们决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。2021/8/11 星期三34Usage 3: 开始具有（呈现）（某种品质、 面貌等）；露出e.g.: (1) These insects can take on the color of their surroundings. (2) His face took on a worried expression.2021/8/11 星期三35扩展 1： take offU

17、sage 1: 脱下，脱去（衣服）e.g.：Take your coat off.相反词： put on2021/8/11 星期三36Usage 2: （飞机、航天器等） 升空，起飞2021/8/11 星期三37Usage 3： vi., to begin to become successful, popular, or well-known 开始有成就； 开始受欢迎；开始成名e.g.: It was at this point that her acting career really took off. 她的演艺事业是在此时开始成功的。2021/8/11 星期三38Usage 4: to

18、 have a holiday from work on the stated day or for the stated period 请假.2021/8/11 星期三39e.g.: (1) Im taking Thursday off because Im moving house. 我星期四要请假，因为我要搬家。 (2) Take a few days off, Michael. 歇几天吧， Michael 。2021/8/11 星期三40扩展 2：take over vt. / vi. 接手， 接管2021/8/11 星期三41e.g.: (1) Who do you think wi

19、ll take over now that the governor has been dismissed? 州长已被免职，你认为谁会接替他？ (2) Im feeling too tired to drive any more; will you take over? 我累得开不动了，你来开，好吗？2021/8/11 星期三42扩展 3： take to Usage1: to feel a liking for, esp. at once (尤指立刻)对产生好感，喜欢上e.g.: I took to Paul as soon as we met. 我们一见面，我就喜欢上 Paul 了。 20

20、21/8/11 星期三43Usage 2: 染上习惯, 嗜好e.g.: (1) All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink. 这些令人沮丧的消息足以让人去酗酒了。 (2) Just lately hes taken to hiding his socks under the carpet. 近来，他染上了把袜子藏在地毯底下的习惯。2021/8/11 星期三44Usage 3: 到（某处）休息；到躲藏；逃往e.g.: (1) Fathers ill, so hes taken to his bed. 父亲生病了，所以上床休息去

21、了。 (2) The criminals took to the hills to escape from the police. 罪犯们逃到山间以躲避警察。2021/8/11 星期三45扩展 4: take upUsage 1: to begin to spend time doing; interest oneself in e.g.: John took up acting when he was at college. 约翰在上大学的时候开始从事表演。 2021/8/11 星期三46Usage 2: （事物或事件）占用了 （空间和时间）e.g.: (1) The job took up

22、 most of Sunday. 这件工作占用了星期天的绝大多数时间。 (2) These boxes of yours are taking up too much space. 你的这些盒子占去了太多的空间。2021/8/11 星期三4723. hold up (P42, M6): There was a boat we could go on but we got held up as Mr. Hudson remarked that the boat was too crowded.hold up2021/8/11 星期三48Usage 1: to delay 推迟，（使）耽搁e.g.

23、: (1) The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather. 糟糕的天气耽搁了新路的修建。 (2) A strike has held up production. 罢工延误了生产。2021/8/11 星期三49Usage 2: to (try to ) rob by using the threat of violence e.g.: The criminals held up the bank and took all the money.犯罪分子劫持了银行，拿走了所有的钱。2021/8/11 星期三50Usage

24、3： to show as an examplee.g.: The old man always held up his youngest son as a model of hard work. 老人总是把自己最小的儿子当作勤劳 工作的典范。2021/8/11 星期三51扩展 1: hold outUsage 1: to offer 提供；提出e.g.: I dont hold out much hope that the weather will improve. 我对天气好转不爆多大希望。2021/8/11 星期三52Usage 2: to continue to exist; last

25、 继续存在，持续，维持e.g.: How much longer can our supplies hold out? 我们的供给还能维持多久？2021/8/11 星期三53Usage 3: to continue in spite of difficulties; 坚持，忍住e.g.: The town was surrounded, but the people held out until help came. 城被困了，但人们一直坚持到救援来。2021/8/11 星期三5424. refer to (P50, M6): I am pleased to have the chance t

26、oday to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is often referred to.refer to2021/8/11 星期三55Usage1: to mention or speak about e.g.: (1) The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field. 这位科学家把该发现称作是此领域内 最令人激动的新进展。 2021/8/11 星期三56(2) Which compa

27、nies was she referring to when she spoke of competing firms? 当她说起竞争商家时，她指的是哪些公司？(3) The figures in the left-hand column refer to our overseas sales. 左栏的数据指的是海外的销售额。2021/8/11 星期三57Usage 2: to look at for information 参考，查阅，查看e.g.: (1) to refer to a dictionary 查阅字典 (2) Let me just refer to my notes to

28、find the exact figures. 让我查查笔记，找找确切的数字。2021/8/11 星期三58Usage 3: to concern; be directed towards or be relevant to 有关；针对e.g.: The new law does not refer to land used for farming. 新的法规与耕地无关。2021/8/11 星期三59Usage 4 : refer sb. / sth. to sb. 提交给做决定（处理）e.g.: (1) The shop referred the complaints to the make

29、rs of the articles. 商家把投诉转交给了生产厂家。 2021/8/11 星期三60(2) The professor referred me to an article she had written on this subject. 教授让我查阅她就这个主题曾经写过 的一篇文章。 (3) The proposal will have to be referred to the Finance Committee. 这项提议将会转交给财经委员会。2021/8/11 星期三61扩展 1：referenceUsage 1: 【c; u】，谈到，提及e.g.: (1) King W

30、illiam was known as “Rufus”, a reference to his red hair. 国王威廉二世因一头红发被称为鲁弗斯。注：Rufus系拉丁语，意为“红发”。2021/8/11 星期三62(2) When I spoke to him about the expedition, he didnt make any reference to your coming with us.当我向他说起这次远征时，他并未提到你会和我们一起来。2021/8/11 星期三63(3) Her speech contained only a passing reference to

31、 the problem of unemployment. 她的演讲只对失业问题一带而过。2021/8/11 星期三64Usage 2: 【C; U】，参考，查阅e.g.: Use this dictionary for easy reference. 这部字典查起来很方便。2021/8/11 星期三65扩展 2： reference book 参考书，工具书 reference library （图书不外借的）参考书阅览室； 参考图书馆2021/8/11 星期三6625. lack (P51, M6): Apart from the urgent problems caused by war

32、s and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.lack2021/8/11 星期三67Usage 1: 【U;C】，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.: (1) The plants died through for lack of water. 这些植物因缺水而死。 (2) Theres a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among t

33、he membership. 会员们对这些变化不太热心。2021/8/11 星期三68Usage 2: vt.,，缺乏，不足，没有e.g.: (1) The female bird lacks the males coloration. 雌鸟没有雄鸟缤纷的羽毛。 (2) Hes good at his job he seems to lack confidence. 他工作干得不错，但好像信心不足。 2021/8/11 星期三69(3) What the company lacks is sufficient money to invest in new products. 公司缺少足够的资金

34、来投资新的产品。2021/8/11 星期三70扩展: lacking, adj., 缺少的, 不足的, 没有 的；缺少的e.g.: (1) We cant confirm these rumours because accurate information is lacking. 我们不能证实这些谣言，因为缺少确切的信息。 2021/8/11 星期三71(2) I was happy as a child, but there was something lacking. 我小的时候很开心，但总觉的缺点什么。 (3) Im afraid hes somewhat lacking in inte

35、lligence / tact / initiative. 我恐怕他不太聪明 / 不够圆滑 / 缺少 主动性。2021/8/11 星期三7226. address(P35,M7): The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are uncontrolled information and the change in the way people spend their time.address2021/8/11 星期三73Usage 1: vt., fml., 探讨（如何处理问题） e.g.: The article add

36、resses the problems of diseases connected with malnutrition. 这篇文章探讨了与营养不良有关的疾病问题。2021/8/11 星期三74Usage 2: address oneself to: to direct ones attention or effort to 致力于，着手2021/8/11 星期三75e.g.: (1) He ignored side issues and addressed himself to the main problem. 他抛开枝节，着力处理主要问题。 (2) Marlowe now addresse

37、d himself to the task of searching the room. Marlowe 现在开始着手搜查房间。2021/8/11 星期三76Usage 3: address a meeting / crowd / conference etc.: to make a speech to a large group of peoplee.g.: The meeting was addressed by Senator Howard. Howard议员在会议上发言。2021/8/11 星期三77Usage 4: 在(信封/包裹上等)写上姓名和地址e.g.: (1) If you

38、address the letter , Ill mail it for you. 如果你把姓名地址写好，我会帮你寄。 (2) Theres a letter addressed to you. 有一封你的信。 addressee: 收信人，收件人2021/8/11 星期三78Usage 5: 名词，地址e.g.: I cant read the address on the envelope. 我看不清信封上的地址。2021/8/11 星期三79Usage 6: fml., a formal speech made to a group of people (audience) who ar

39、e gathered especially to listene.g.: a commencement address 在毕业典礼上的发言2021/8/11 星期三8027. attach (P47, M7): When you are finished, you should always attach a list of the sites you got your information from.attach2021/8/11 星期三81Usage 1: to connect one thing to another 系，绑， 贴，固定，连接，附上 attach sth. to2021

40、/8/11 星期三82e.g.: (1) Attach a recent photogragh to your application form. 在你的申请表上贴上你的一张近照。 (2) The web was only attached to the leaf by one thread. 仅仅一根丝就把蜘蛛网固定在了树叶上。 (3) a small battery attached to a little loudspeaker 装在小喇叭上的一小节电池2021/8/11 星期三83Usage 2: be attached to : to like sb. or sth. very mu

41、ch, because you have known them and had them for a long time 喜欢，依恋 2021/8/11 星期三84e.g.: (1) Its easy to be attached to the children you work with. Too attached, sometimes. 对与你相处的孩子们产生依恋感是很容 易的。有时，太依恋了。 (2) I am deeply / very attached to this old car. 我很舍不得这辆老车。2021/8/11 星期三85扩展： attachment: noun, 喜爱

42、， 爱慕，依恋；信仰，忠诚e.g.: (1) I did feel a certain sense of attachment for the strange old guy.我确实对这个古怪的老家伙有一脸的感觉。 2021/8/11 星期三86(2) She has already had a strong attachment to her baby brother. 她已深深的爱上了襁褓中的小弟弟。(3) old peoples attachment to traditional customs and ways 老人们对传统风俗和生活方式的眷恋2021/8/11 星期三87Usage

43、3: 认为有重要性，重视e.g.: (1) She attaches great importance to regular exercise. 她认为正规训练很重要。 (2) It would be unwise to attach too much significance to these opinion polls. 赋予这些民意调查太多意义是不明智的。 2021/8/11 星期三8828. decline(P30, M8): From early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a bit of decline

44、, and was replaced in popularity by a new kind of music known as swing.decline2021/8/11 星期三89Usage 1: n., usu. sing.: 衰微，衰退，下降e.g.: (1) There has been a sharp decline in profits this year. 今年的利润有大幅下跌。 (2) The birthrate is on decline. 出生率在下降。2021/8/11 星期三90Usage 2: vi., 衰落，衰退，下降e.g.: (1) His influenc

45、e declined as he grew older. 随着他逐渐老去，他的影响力越来越小。(2) Do you think standards of morality have declined in recent years? 你是否认为道德标准近年来已有所下降？ 2021/8/11 星期三91(3) The old lady wants to spend her declining years by the sea. 老太太希望在海边度过暮年。(4) the governments declining popularity 政府不断下跌的人气2021/8/11 星期三92Usage 3

46、: vi., or vt., 婉拒，婉言谢绝e.g.: (1) We asked him to come to our party, but he declined. 我们邀请他参加聚会，但他婉拒了。 (2) The official at first declined to make a statement, but later he agreed. 该官员起初不肯发表声明，但后来又同意了。2021/8/11 星期三9329. draft(P31, M8): Elvis music life was cur short when he was drafted into the army in

47、 1958.ddraft2021/8/11 星期三94Usage 1: be drafted into the army （战时) 被征召入伍 (AmE.)e.g.: Joes been drafted into the army. 乔应召入伍。2021/8/11 星期三95Usage 2: 起草, 草拟（计划、信件、 报告等）e.g.: Evas busy drafting her speech for the conference. 依娃正忙于起草会议发言稿。2021/8/11 星期三96Usage 3: noun, 草稿；草图；草案e.g.: (1) Lets make a rough

48、draft of the letter. 让我们先写个信的草稿吧。 (2) the first / final draft of a poem 诗的第一稿 / 最终稿2021/8/11 星期三974. leave(P22, M2): Listen to me young man remember the day when we left you in charge?使役动词2021/8/11 星期三98Usage: leave + obj. + o.c.e.g.: (1) Paying for the car repairs has left us without a penny. 付完汽车修

49、理费我们已身无分文。.2021/8/11 星期三99(2) I used to leave my bedroom lamp on to make them think that I was studying. 我常让卧室的灯亮着，让他们误 以为我在学习。2021/8/11 星期三100(3) The presidents sudden death has left the country leaderless.总统突然去世使这个国家处于无领袖状态。(4) Her narrow escape left her feeling shaken. 九死一生的经历让她心有余悸。2021/8/11 星期三

50、101(5) Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes. 让米在锅里煮上个20分钟。(6) He died very suddenly, leaving much of his research work unfinished. 他突然去世，留下大量研究工作为完成。2021/8/11 星期三102扩展：英语中的使役动词：使役动词是表 示使、令、让、叫等意义的动词， 主要有make，let，keep，leave等。2021/8/11 星期三103（一）have 使，让，不用于被动语态 1. have +宾语+done (1) 叫、让、请别人做某事 e.g.: I

51、ll have my bike repaired soon. (2) 遭遇不幸事件 e.g.: He had his wallet stolen on the bus. 2021/8/11 星期三1042. have +宾语+do 让做某事，动作 执行者为宾语e.g.: (1) He had her go there. (2) The teacher has us speak English in class. 2021/8/11 星期三1053. have +宾语+doing 让做某事e.g.: (1) He had her standing in therain for two hours

52、. (2) He had us laughing all through the meal.2021/8/11 星期三106(3) I wont have you speaking to your mother that way. = I wont allow you to speak to your mother that way.2021/8/11 星期三1074. have +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 促使某 一动作发生e.g.: Please have your money ready. 2021/8/11 星期三108(二) make 使，有轻微强迫之意1. make +宾语+do，迫使某人做某 事，被动语态为be made to doe.g.: The boy made the girl cry. 2. make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使处于