新时代核心英语教程写作3教学课件(U10)

1、oreurriculum新时代核心英语教程 写 作310The introduction to research paper writingThe introduction to research paper writingUNITabstract 摘要bibliography参考文献，参考书目documentary research文献研究empirical research 实证研究literature review 文献综述practical research 实践研究primary research 直接研究Key Termsqualitative research 定性研究quant

2、itative research 定量研究research design 研究设计research method 研究方法secondary research 间接研究theoretical framework理论框架theoretical research 理论研究Main ContentsResearch paper and its synonymsQualities of a good research paperThe definition of a research paperTypes of researchReasons for research paper writingThe

3、 structure of a research paperThe schedule and stages2. Distinguishing the different types of researchDifficult Points1. Understanding the qualities of a good research paperThe definition of a research paperThe definition of a research paperResearch is a systematic study of a subject, especially in

4、order to discover new facts or test new ideas.A research paper, therefore, is a form of persuasive writing, an essay that is based upon a thesis supported by facts, figures, statistics, and other writers and speakers carefully-documented ideas.The definition of a research paperThe definition of a re

5、search paperYou have to reach a conclusion, or take a stand and argue a point in a research paper.Opinions of experts in the debate over global warmingGlobal warming is a serious problem. It is caused by the unbalanced development of human society.Tell whether each of the following topics can be dev

6、eloped into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 11. How the Beatles got started as a rock groupNot suitable for a research paper because it does not argue a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activi

7、ty 12. The Beatles lyrics gave hope to the disenchanted youth during the 1960s and 1970s.Suitable for a research paper because it argues a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 13. An analysis of the application

8、of the Input Hypothesis in the teaching of English WritingSuitable for a research paper because it argues a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 14. A summary of the theories of second language acquisitionNot su

9、itable for a research paper because it does not argue a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 15. Different types of standardized testsNot suitable for a research paper because it does not argue a point.Tell whet

10、her each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 16. Standardized tests are an effective measure of students academic achievements.Suitable for a research paper because it argues a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be de

11、veloped into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 17. A chronology of Thomas Hardys life and writingNot suitable for a research paper because it does not argue a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Ac

12、tivity 18. Thomas Hardy is the greatest English novelist of his era.Suitable for a research paper because it argues a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 19. The disproportionate influence of lobbyists on feder

13、al legislationSuitable for a research paper because it argues a point.Tell whether each of the following topics can be developed into a research paper and then explain your reasons.Activity 110. The steps involved in the passage of federal legislationNot suitable for a research paper because it does

14、 not argue a point.Research paper and its synonymsResearch paper and its synonymsThe following five synonyms for research paper often confuse college students.paperthesis paperresearch paperthesisdissertationResearch paper and its synonymsPaper is actually a short form of thesis paper or research pa

15、per.Thesis or dissertation, in contrast, is usually regarded as a long essay involving personal research, written by a candidate for a degree.Research paper and its synonymsIn this and the following units, research paper refers to a short piece of academic writing based on research, written by eithe

16、r college students or experts of a discipline.Research paper and its synonymsQualities of a good research paperQualities of a good research paperThe paper has a clear thesis and focuses tightly on the thesis.All the main points are supported by solid, persuasive facts and examples and are organized

17、in a clear and logical way.The paper shows that the writer has a good understanding of the topic and supporting material, and that the writer has read widely on the topic, especially from the authorities.Qualities of a good research paperThe paper acknowledges different viewpoints but shows why the

18、point being argued is more valid.The paper conforms to the codes of research ethics, with all supporting material verified and every outside source carefully documented.Qualities of a good research paperThe paper follows the conventional format of the discipline, including the use of correct in-text

19、 documentation and a bibliography list.The paper uses standard written English expected of educated people in colleges and work settings.Qualities of a good research paperReasons for research paper writingReasons for research paper writingResearch paper writing prompts you to explore and therefore l

20、earn about your chosen subject.Research paper writing teaches you the conventions of scholarly writing.Seeking out useful information from a maze of sources can greatly broaden your horizons.Reasons for research paper writingIt may urge you to communicate with experts on your subject so that you may

21、 find your own inspiration.Research paper writing is an exercise of logical reasoning, critical thinking, imagination, and common sense.Reasons for research paper writingTypes of researchTypes of researchGenerally, research can be classified in three different ways according to three principles of c

22、lassification: the research methodthe research aimthe source of dataTypes of researchQuantitative research involves systematic scientific investigation of the properties and phenomena and their relations.Qualitative research is used to explore and understand peoples beliefs, experiences, attitudes,

23、behavior, and interactions.Quantitative research and qualitative researchQuantitative research and qualitative researchThe following example is an excerpt from a quantitative research paper.This longitudinal study investigated for three years the development of critical thinking (CT) skills of 139 E

24、nglish and German majors from two universities of different types in China. Using parallel tests of standardized CT skills assessment, it collected data at four stages during the first three years of the participants undergraduate study.Quantitative research and qualitative researchThe following exa

25、mple is an excerpt from a qualitative research paper.As a result of recent research on the processes of and the relations between reading and writing, cognitive psychologists, linguists, educators, and reading and writing experts have proposed a new perspective, namely, reading and writing are two r

26、eciprocal acts of comprehending and composing that support each other.Theoretical research aims to construct theories or test existing theories.Practical research attempts to solve problems in real-life situations.For comparison, refer to examples on p. 165.Theoretical research and practical researc

27、hPrimary research, or empirical research, involves the research of a subject through first-hand study, observation, and investigation. Secondary research, or documentary research, is based upon others material. For comparison, refer to examples on p. 165 and p. 166.Primary research and secondary res

28、earchRead the abstracts of four research papers on p. 166 and 167. Identify their corresponding types of research.Activity 21. Qualitative, secondary researchRead the abstracts of four research papers on p. 166 and 167. Identify their corresponding types of research.Activity 22. Quantitative, primar

29、y researchRead the abstracts of four research papers on p. 166 and 167. Identify their corresponding types of research.Activity 23. Quantitative, primary, theoretical researchRead the abstracts of four research papers on p. 166 and 167. Identify their corresponding types of research.Activity 24. Qua

30、litative, primary researchThe structure of a research paperThe structure of a research paperYou must use external sources.The information in a research paper is carefully documented.A research paper conforms to strict conventions of structure so that there is little room for creativity or individual

31、ism.The structure of a research paperEmpirical research papers often consist of eight parts.abstractintroductionliterature review(theoretical framework)The structure of a research paperEmpirical research papers often consist of eight parts.research methodsresults and discussion/evidence in favor of

32、the main claim conclusionbibliographyThe structure of a research paperIn actual practice, individual writers may make some changes to the structure.Research papers in different fields of study abide by different structures and formats.The structure of a research paperThe structure of a research pape

33、rThe following is an outline of a literature paper entitled “Objectification of Children in Henry Jamess Fiction.”AbstractIntroductionUnder the aesthetic gaze: Dolcino Ambient in The Author of BeltraffioUnder the clinical gaze: Miles and Flora in The Turn of the ScrewThe structure of a research pape

34、rThe following is an outline of a literature paper entitled “Objectification of Children in Henry Jamess Fiction.”Under the panopticon gaze: Nora Lambert in Watch and WardOut of the gaze: Maisie Farange in What Maisie KnewConclusionBibliographyStudy the three outlines on p. 169 and 170 and tell the

35、characteristics of their structures.Activity 31. This is the outline of a quantitative research paper. In this outline, the “Results” and “Discussion and Conclusion” parts of the basic structure are divided into three sections: “Data Analysis,” “Results,” and “Discussion and Conclusion.”Study the th

36、ree outlines on p. 169 and 170 and tell the characteristics of their structures.Activity 32. This is the outline of a qualitative research paper.In this outline, literature review in incorporated in the introduction. “Introduction” provides background information, and “Sociosemiotics” serves as expl

37、anation of the theoretical framework. “The sociosemiotic approach to translating Chinese four-character idioms” and “Other strategies for the translation of Chinese four-character idioms” constitute the main body of the paper.Study the three outlines on p. 169 and 170 and tell the characteristics of their structures.Activity 33. This is the outline of a literature paper.“Introduction” consists of introductions to the author and the novels; “The