新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U5

1、oreurriculum新时代核心英语教程 写 作25UNITWriting and rewriting the essayWriting and rewriting the essaydrafting 起草（文章）peer response 同伴反馈Key Termsproofreading 校对Main ContentsRewriting your essayEditing and proofreading your essayWriting your first draft2. Considering feedback from peers seriously with an open

2、mindDifficult Points1. Rewriting as a critical readerWriting your first draftWriting your first draftReview what you have learned about your topic.Pay special attention to those writing habits that have proved helpful for you in the past.Shift your focus from generating new ideas to creating meaning

3、ful connections among your ideas and information.Writing your first draftChoose the best time and place.Make revision easy.Place your thesis statement at the top of each sheet of paper.Refer to your prewriting material often.Set reasonable goals.Practical guidelines for drafting an essayLower your e

4、xpectations.Do the easy parts first.Deal with facts, words, and spelling flexibly.Write quickly.Take short breaks.Practical guidelines for drafting an essayRead the sample first draft written by a student carefully and find out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The question

5、s below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 1. What is the thesis of this essay?The thesis statement is In order to grasp opportunities in our daily life, we must pay attention to three pointspreparation, passion, and perseverance.Read the sample first draft written by a student carefully and find

6、 out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 2. Does the thesis have sufficient supporting details in the body paragraphs? Why or why not?This thesis lacks sufficient supporting details, because Paragraph 3 is not fully de

7、veloped.Read the sample first draft written by a student carefully and find out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 3. Is there any problem with the sequence of the three body paragraphs?Logically, Paragraph 3 should b

8、e placed after Paragraph 4, because one can persevere only when one has passion for a goal.Read the sample first draft written by a student carefully and find out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 4. Find out one gra

9、mmatical mistake and one spelling mistake in paragraph 2 and correct them.Grammatical mistake: So does opportunities (do)Spelling mistake: Under this circumstence (circumstance)Read the sample first draft written by a student carefully and find out problems in content, coherence, organization, and l

10、anguage. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 5. Can you find any overlap in the content of paragraphs 3 and 4?Yes, both paragraphs seem to be about how to hold on before difficulties and failures. They can be combined into one supporting point.Read the sample first draft writte

11、n by a student carefully and find out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 6. Is the transition from paragraph 3 to paragraph 4 natural?No, it is abrupt.Read the sample first draft written by a student carefully and fin

12、d out problems in content, coherence, organization, and language. The questions below the draft serve as prompts.Activity 1 7. Does the writer use pronouns correctly to keep a consistent point of view in paragraph 5?No. The author switches frequently from the first-person plural to the second person

13、. For example, So long as you stick to the three points, sooner or later, the scales of fortune will turn to our side.Rewriting your essayRewriting your essayRewriting is the process of first reviewing the essay and then making necessary changes.It is the process of examining the whole essay, includ

14、ingthe purposethe audiencethe organizationthe supportRewriting your essayRewriting your essayWhen rewriting, ask yourself the following questions. If you cant answer “Yes”, further revise your essay.Does the essay have a clear central point?Do all paragraphs relate to the central point?Is the centra

15、l point supported by specific information?The following are some guidelines to help you rewrite your essay.Read your essay aloud.View your draft objectively.Reconsider your purpose, audience, and tone.Deal with major problems first.Guidelines for rewriting an essayThe following are some guidelines t

16、o help you rewrite your essay.Focus next on clarity and coherence.React to your instructors comments.Consider peer response.Guidelines for rewriting an essayThere are three aspects concerning peer response.ContentOrganization and coherenceLanguage and mechanicsIn each aspect, some questions can serv

17、e as a self checklist when you revise your essay.Peer response should be considered seriously.The checklist for peer responseIs the thesis clearly stated? If not, can it be inferred from the context?Is the thesis adequately supported? What points, if any, need further evidence?Does the writer select

18、 concrete details and examples?ContentDoes the draft have an appropriate title? If not, explain.Is the opening paragraph effective in introducing the topic and arousing curiosity?Does the writer organize the points in the most effective order? If not, explain.Organization and coherenceAre there gram

19、matical and mechanical mistakes? Mark them out if there are any.Are all parts of a sentence properly coordinated or subordinated?Are important ideas within a sentence correctly emphasized?Language and mechanicsRead the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on

20、56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 1. What is the thesis of this essay?The thesis statement is However, not all of us can grasp an opportunity that lies before us, because opportunities only favor those who are well prepared, perceptive, and perseverant.Read the rev

21、ised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 2. What are the main supporting points of the thesis? Are they arranged in proper order?The three main supporting points are previewed in the thesis stat

22、ement and emphasized in the concluding paragraph: full preparations, sharp perception, and dogged perseverance.Yes, they are arranged in logical time order.Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions be

23、low.Activity 2 3. What changes has the writer made in this draft?In this draft, the supporting point about passion is replaced by the point about perception.Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions b

24、elow.Activity 2 4. Do the sentences or paragraphs move smoothly from one to another?Yes, the transition between sentences and paragraphs is clear and smooth.Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions b

25、elow.Activity 2 5. How are pronoun errors corrected in this draft to reflect a consistent point of view?The second person pronouns are changed to first person plural pronouns so that the essay maintains a consistent first person point of view.Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp

26、 Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 6. What other major improvements can you find in this draft?Improvements in style and diction: e.g.The style and diction of the first draft are a bit colloquial. For example, we must pay attention t

27、o three pointspreparation, passion, and perseverance. (Para. 1); So far, I have already talked about all the three points. (Para. 5) Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 Improvem

28、ents in style and diction: e.g.In this draft, the author uses objective language: opportunities only favor those who are well prepared, perceptive, and perseverant. (Para. 1); Full preparations, sharp perception, and dogged perseverancethese may not be the only factors that (Para. 5)Read the revised

29、 version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 Improvements in sentence coherence: e.g.They will turn up at the very moment they are going to disappear. (Para. 2) is changed to They may disappear as quick

30、ly as they turn up.Read the revised version of the first draft “How to Grasp Opportunities” in Activity 1 on 56. Compare the two drafts and answer the questions below.Activity 2 Improvements in grammar and spelling: e.g.So does opportunities (Para. 2) is changed to so do opportunities.Circumstence (

31、Para. 2) is changed to circumstance.Editing and proofreading your essayEditing and proofreading your essayEditing and proofreading are the last steps to ensure the success of an essay.Editing and proofreading your essayThe following advice is useful as you edit and proofread your essay.Be alert to t

32、he errors that you tend to make and keep them in mind as you edit and proofread.Read slowly when you edit and proofread.Exchange essays with a classmate and edit and proofread each others writing.Cross out errors neatly with one line and insert the changes accordingly.Guidelines for editing and proo

33、freadingThe following checklist to avoid missing errors in editing and proofreading contains three parts.Wording and sentence structureGrammatical correctnessMechanical correctnessThe checklist for editing and proofreadingWording and sentence structureThe essay is perfect in the following aspects.sp

34、ecific languageproper wordsvaried sentences in terms of length and structureGrammatical correctnessThe essay is free of the following errors.sentence fragmentsverb form errorsverb tense errorscomma splicesMechanical correctnessThe essay is free of errors in the following aspects.periodsquestion mark

35、sexclamation markscommasThe following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 Many artists today are in what is called applied art. They use their ability in adv

36、ertise, interior decoration, or some similar job. But people in business which hire the artists for that kind of work say that simple artist ability is not enough. There are lots of young people who have that. But not enough of them who know anything about physics, or mechanical things, or math.The

37、following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 To be a druggist you have to study chemistry. However, you cant learn chemistry without knowing something of al

38、gebra.How about a nurse? One of the required subjects in a course of nursing is known materia medica. In materia medica youll learn to figure out doses and prepare medicines. Algebra is important in doing the figuring. Too many student nurses flunk out of the course because of their weak math.The fo

39、llowing passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 Its the same for many trades. If you want to be a craftsman, a machinist, a molder, and a patternmaker, youll nee

40、d algebra and geometry and even trigonometry.Even you want to go into business for yourself, youll need math. Business today, whether it is running a little gas station or a big factory, takes good management. Good management takes mathematics.Activity 3 1. They use their ability in advertise, inter

41、ior decoration, or some similar job.They use their ability in advertising, interior decoration, or some similar job.The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Ac

42、tivity 3 2. But people in business which hire the artists But people in business who hire the artists The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 3. fo

43、r that kind of work say that simple artist ability is not enough. for that kind of work say that simple artistic ability is not enough.The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correc

44、t it accordingly.Activity 3 4. But not enough of them who know anything about physics, or mechanical things, or math.But not enough of them who know anything about physics, or mechanical things, or math.The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case on

45、ly one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 5. However, you cant learn chemistry without knowing something of algebra.However, you cant learn chemistry without knowing something about algebra.The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated

46、 line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 6. One of the required subjects in a course of nursing is known materia medica.One of the required subjects in a course of nursing is known as materia medica.The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it accordingly.Activity 3 7. In materia medica youll learn to