Arteries动脉培训课件

1、Arteries 动脉CharacteristicsSymmetry 对称In the trunk of the body consist parietal and visceral branches 壁支和脏支Shortest possible courseRun on flexor surfacesUsually do not pass directly through muscles, avoiding compressionTogether with the veins and nerves in a sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bun

2、dle 血管神经束Arteries 动脉CharacteristicsArteries of pulmonary circulationPulmonary trunk 肺动脉干Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back ,and to the leftBifurcates inferior to aortic arch into right and left pulmonary arteries左、右肺动脉, one for each lung Arterial ligament 动脉韧带 Remnant of ductus arteriosus动脉导管

3、A fibrous band that connects bifurcation of pulmonary trunk with inferior border of aortic archArteries of pulmonary circulatPulmonary ArteryAortaPatent Ductus ArteriosusPulmonary ArteryAortaPatent DuArteries of systemic circulation 体循环的动脉Arteries of systemic circulati Aorta 主动脉 Ascending aorta 升主动脉

4、Aortic arch 主动脉弓lower border of T4 vertebraAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉lower border of L4 vertebra Common iliac a. 髂总动脉second right sternocostal jointThoracic aorta 胸主动脉at level of T12 vertebra 升主动脉主动脉弓胸主动脉腹主动脉髂总动脉 Aorta 主动脉Ascending aorta 升主升主动脉主动脉弓胸主动脉腹主动脉颈总动脉锁骨下动脉髂外动脉髂内动脉髂总动脉头臂干升主动脉主动脉弓胸主动脉腹主动脉颈总动脉锁骨下动脉髂

5、外动脉髂Ascending aorta 升主动脉Arises from left ventricle Runs upward, forward and to the rightExtends to level of right second sternocostal joint BranchesRight coronary artery右冠状动脉Left coronary artery左冠状动脉Ascending aorta 升主动脉Arises frAortic arch 主动脉弓Continuation of ascending aortaCurves upward, to the lef

6、t and posteriorly, then downward, arching over left principal bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower border of T4 level, and becomes thoracic aorta Branches (from right to left )Brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干Right common carotid A 右颈总动脉Right subclavian A 右锁骨下动脉Left common carotid A 左颈总动脉Left subclavian A

7、左锁骨下动脉Aortic glomera 主动脉小球chemoreceptorAortic isthmus主动脉峡Baroreceptor Aortic arch 主动脉弓Continuation oCommon carotid a. 颈总动脉 Origin (arises from)Right：Brachiocephalic trunk Left：Aortic arch Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage BranchesInternal carotid artery 颈内动脉External carotid artery

8、 颈外动脉Common carotid a. 颈总动脉 OrigiCommon carotid a. 颈总动脉 Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦Located at a localizes dilation of terminal part of common carotid artery and beginning of internal carotid arterySensitive to blood pressure changes (baroreceptor) Carotid glomus 颈动脉小球Lies posterior to the point of bifurcatio

9、n of common carotid arterySenses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels (chemoreceptor) Carotid sinusCarotid glomusCommon carotid a. 颈总动脉 Carot颈外动脉external Carotid A.Superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉 Descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gland and larynxLingual a. 舌动脉Facial a. 面动脉Loops around m

10、andible (where it is palpable), at anterior border of masseter, to enter the faceOccipital a. 枕动脉Posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉Maxillary a. 上颌动脉Middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉Superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉颞浅动脉脑膜中动脉 枕动脉 上颌动脉甲状腺甲状腺上动脉 面动脉舌动脉颈外动脉external Carotid A.SuperiSubclavian artery 锁骨下动脉 Origin (arises

11、from)Right：Brachiocephalic trunkLeft：Aortic arch Becomes axillary artery at lateral border of first rib BranchesInternal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉Vertebral a. 椎动脉Thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干Inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉Superascapular a. 肩胛上动脉Costocervical trunk 肋颈干Subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉 OrigSubclavian artery

12、锁骨下动脉Subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉Axillary artery 腋动脉 Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first rib, Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres majorBranchesThoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉Lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉Subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉Throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉 Circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉Anteri

13、or humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前动脉Posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉Axillary artery 腋动脉 ContinuatAxillary artery 腋动脉Axillary artery 腋动脉Brachial artery 肱动脉 Continuation of axillary artery at lower border of teres major. Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at level of neck of radiusBranches Radial a

14、rtery 桡动脉Ulnar artery 尺动脉Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉 Superior ulnar collaeral a. 尺侧上副动脉Inferior ulnar collateral a. 尺侧下副动脉Brachial artery 肱动脉 ContinuatBrachial artery 肱动脉Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉brachial a. 肱动脉Radial artery 桡动脉Ulnar artery 尺动脉Brachial artery 肱动脉Deep brachiRadial artery 桡动脉Course: at the neck

15、of the radius in the cubital fossa, passes downward and laterally Branches Superfical palmar branch 掌浅支Principal artery of thumb 拇主要动脉Radial recurent branch 桡侧返动脉Radial artery 桡动脉Course: at thUlnar artery 尺动脉Course: at the neck of the radius in the cubital fossa passes downward and medially Branches

16、Common interosseous artery 骨间总动脉anterior interossous a. 骨间前动脉posterior interosseous a. 骨间后动脉Deep palmar branch 掌深支Ulnar artery 尺动脉Course: at tArteries动脉培训课件Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓 Formed by ulnar artery尺动脉 and superficial palmar branch of radial artery桡动脉掌浅支Branchescommon palmar digital arteries

17、 指掌侧总动脉（3）proper palmar digital arteries指掌侧固有 动脉ulnar palmar artery of little finger小指尺掌侧动脉Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓Deep palmar arch 掌深弓 Formed by radial artery桡动脉and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery尺动脉掌深支Branchespalmar metacarpal arteries 掌心动脉（3）Deep palmar arch 掌深弓 Formed bVisualizing the posi

18、tion of the superficial and deep palmar archesThe curve of superficial palmar arch lies at the level of middle of the metacarpal bone The curve of deep palmar arch lies across the carpometacarpal jointVisualizing the position of thThoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Course Continuation of aortic arch at lower borde

19、r of T4Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal cavityMain branches Parietal branchesPosterior intercostals arteries 肋间后动脉subcostal artery 肋下动脉 Superior phrenic arteries 膈上动脉 Visceral branchesBronchial branches 支气管支 Esophageal branches 食管支Pericardial bran

20、ches 心包支Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉 Course Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉Thoracic aorta 胸主动脉Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Continuation of thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus of diaphragm in front of T12 Terminates at lower border of L4 vertebra by dividing into right and left common iliac arteries Gives off two groups of branches

21、Parietal branches 壁支Visceral branches脏支pairedunpairedAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉 ContinuaAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉Parietal branchesInferior phrenic a. 膈下动脉 (one pair)superior suprarenal artery 肾上腺上动脉Lumbar a. 腰动脉(four pairs) supply the posterior abdominal wallMedian sacral a. 骶正中动脉 Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉Parietal

22、bAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Visceral branches-PairedMiddle suprarenal artery 肾上腺中动脉Renal artery 肾动脉inferior suprarenal artery 肾上腺下动脉Testicular (ovarian) artery 睾丸（卵巢）动脉Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 VisceralTesticular (ovarian) arterySuperior suprarenal a.Middle suprarenal a.Inferior suprarenal a.Renal a.Accessory

23、renal a.Subphrenic a.Testicular (ovarian) arterySupAbdominal aorta 腹主动脉 Visceral branches-UnpairedCeliac trunk 腹腔干 A short large artery that arises from the front of aorta as it emerges through the diaphragm. Superior mesenteric a. 肠系膜上动脉Arises from the front of aorta, at the level of L1Inferior mes

24、enteric a. 肠系膜下动脉 Arises from the front of aorta, at level of L3Celiac trunkSuperior mesenteric a.Inferior mesenteric a.Abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 VisceralCeliac trunk 腹腔干Superior mesenteric a. 肠系膜上动脉Inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉Celiac trunk 腹腔干Superior mesen Celiac trunk 腹腔干A short large artery that aris

25、es from the front of aorta as it emerges through the diaphragmBranches Left gastric artery 胃左动脉 Common hepatic artery 肝总动脉Splenic artery 脾动脉Left gastric arteryCommon hepatic arterySplenic artery Celiac trunk 腹腔干A short larg Celiac trunk 腹腔干Branches Left gastric artery 胃左动脉Runs alone the lesser curva

26、ture of stomach Celiac trunk 腹腔干Branches Celiac trunk 腹腔干Splenic artery 脾动脉pancreatic branches 胰支 left gastrioeploic artery 胃网膜左动脉short gastric arteries 胃短动脉posterior gastric artery 胃后动脉splenic branches脾支 Celiac trunk 腹腔干Splenic arte Celiac trunk 腹腔干Branches Common hepatic A. 肝总动脉Proper hepatic a. 肝

27、固有动脉right gastric artery 胃右动脉left branch right branch cystic artery 胆囊动脉Gastroduodenal a.胃十二指肠动脉right gastroepiploic artery 胃网膜右动脉superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 胰十二指肠上动脉 Celiac trunk 腹腔干Branches GasCeliac trunk Celiac trunk Left gastric a.Common hepatic a.Splenic a.Gastroduodenal a.Proper hepat

28、ic a.Right gastric a.Left branchRight branchCystic a. Short gastric a. Left gastroepiploic a.Right gastroepiploic a.Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.Splenic branches Celiac trunk Left gastric a.CommonSplenic a Superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉 Branches Inferior pancreaticodudenal artery 胰十二指肠下动脉Jejunal and

29、 ileal arteries (13-18) 空肠和回肠动脉Ileocolic artery 回结肠动脉 appendicular artery 阑尾动脉Right colic artery 右结肠动脉Middle colic artery 中结肠动脉 Superior mesenteric a.肠系膜上动脉Superior mesenteric a. Inf. pancreaticodudenal a.Jejunal and ileal a.Ileocolic a.Appendicular a.Right colic a.Middle colic a. Superior Mesenteri

30、c v.Superior Inf. pancreaticoduden Inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉 BranchesLeft colic artery 左结肠动脉Sigmoid arteries 乙状结肠Superior rectal artery 直肠上动脉 Inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动Inferior mesenteric a.Left colic a.Sigmoid a.Superior rectal a. Inferior mesenteric v.Inferior mesenteric a.Left colIleocolic

31、artery 回结肠动脉appendicular artery 阑尾动脉colic marginal artery 结肠缘动脉Ileocolic artery 回结肠动脉appendicCommon iliac artery 髂总动脉Continuation of abdominal aorta at level of L4 vertebra Run downward and laterally to end opposite the sacroiliac joint by dividing into internal and external iliac arteries. （髂内动脉和髂外

32、动脉）Common iliac artery 髂总动脉ContinInternal iliac artery 髂内动脉Parietal branchesObturator a. 闭孔动脉Superior gluteal a. 臀上动脉 Inferior gluteal a. 臀下动脉 Iliolumber a. 髂腰动脉Lateral sacral a. 骶外侧动脉臀上动脉 臀下动脉 闭孔动脉髂内动脉髂腰动脉骶外侧动脉臀上动脉 臀下动脉 Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉PariInternal iliac artery 髂内动脉Visceral branches Umbil

33、ical a. 脐动脉 superior vesical a. 膀胱上动脉Inferior vesical a. 膀胱下动脉Uterine a. 子宫动脉Inferior rectal a. 直肠下动脉Internal pudendal a. 阴部内动脉 髂内动脉 阴部内动脉 直肠下动脉 子宫动脉 膀胱上动脉 脐动脉膀胱下动脉 Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉ViscInternal iliac artery 髂内动脉Uterine a. 子宫动脉 About 2cm from neck of uterus it crosses above and in front of

34、ureter小桥流水Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉UterInternal iliac artery 髂内动脉Internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉 CourseLeaves the pelvis through the infrapiriform foramen and enters the gluteal regionIt enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen and then passes forward in the pudendal canal with the pud

35、endal nerve BranchesAnal artery 肛动脉Perineal artery 会阴动脉Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris) 阴茎（蒂）背动脉 Internal iliac artery 髂内动脉InteArteries动脉培训课件Arteries动脉培训课件External iliac artery 髂外动脉Branches Inferior epigastric artery 腹壁下动脉Deep iliac circumflex artery旋髂深动脉 External iliac artery 髂外动脉BranFemoral a. 股动

36、脉Continuation of the external iliac a. Begins midpoint of inguinal ligamentEnds at the adductor tendinous opening by entering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal artery腘动脉股动脉 股深动脉 Femoral a. 股动脉Continuation ofFemoral a. 股动脉Principal branch Deep femoral a. 股深动脉 Arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral artery about 2-5 cm below the inguinal ligament. Branches Medial femoral circumflex a. 旋股内侧动脉lateral femoral circumflex a. 旋股外侧动脉Fou