动词不定式用法归纳

1、关于动词不定式的用法归纳第1页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式第2页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作宾语补足语4. 作定语5. 作状语6. 作表语7. 作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用第3页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44

2、分，星期四1 不定式作主语 (subject)To see is to believe.To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to learn English well.若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数形式。Early to rise and early to bed is a good habitWhen and where to hold the party hasnt been decided.When to hold the party and where to

3、 hold the party _been decided.havent第4页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四2.作宾语1)不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。I mean to go there at once.I hope to finish the work in time.I plan to go to Beijing this summer.2

4、).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。I think it our duty to obey the laws. I found it difficult to see him here. 第5页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1). Sh

5、e could do nothing but cry.(2).There is nothing to do but wait.(3). I have no choice but to go.第6页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四3作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.To teach is to learn.My job is to help the patient.My ambition is to become a teacher.The

6、 old man seems to be sick.【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。All I want to do now is fill my stomach.第7页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四4作宾语补足语He asked me to go with him.He didnt allow me to go out alone.【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， mak

7、e 后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。I saw him play in the park.He was seen to play in the park.The boss made those men work day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.I heard her sing today She was heard to sing today 第8页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1. something, anything, nothing, every

8、thing, no one 等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g. I have something to say. He is not a man to tell lies. We all have a chance to go to college. (5). 定语与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。Can you give some paper to _ (write)? I have no jewelry to _(wear).He is looking for a room to _ (live). He needs a friend to _ (p

9、lay).There are three pairs of shoes for you to _ (choose).write on wearlive inplay withchoose from动宾关系 主谓关系同位关系第9页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.第10页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四6.作状语不定式作状语时，可表示目

10、的，原因，结果或条件。 如;不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。I came here to see you. （目的）He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。 第11页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式作结果状语常用如下句型The room is big enough to hold us. It is such a big room as to hold us.He is

11、 so kind as to help us. such +（形容词）名词 +as to do sth so + 形容词/副词 + as to do sth He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （结果）He is too old to lift the box.第12页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四3. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick

12、, rude, cruel, disappointed等。eg: Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.第13页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四(4).独立结构作状语to be frank, to be honest (with you),to make things worse,To tell (you) the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构第14页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四(8)不定式与疑问词who,which

13、, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?第15页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四(9) 不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: -Would yo

14、u like to go with me ? -Yes, Id like to.(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.(3)I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have (told him the news). e.g.: -Would you like to be a teacher? -Yes, Id like to be.第16页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that t

15、he disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想第17页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am t

16、he only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)第18页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too t

17、ired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)第19页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四Exercise第20页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this Se

18、ptember. (2004 辽宁） A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heardQuiz II Multiple Choice第21页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四2. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春） A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced第22页

19、，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四3. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making第23页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四4. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全国卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breath

20、ing D. being breathed第24页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四5. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding第25页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四Passage1. 1.filled 2. company(keep sb company) 3. myself 4. whethe

21、r 5. coming 6.that/which 7. With 8. saw 9. the pletelyPassage2. 1.like 2.them 3.before 4.are being polluted 5.wonder 6.and 7.an 8.strictest 9.to take 10.that/whichPassage3. 1.crowded 2.But 3.an 4.eating 5.who/that 6.going .Besides/Moreover ments 9.recommended 10.whateverPassage4. 1.It 2.viewers 3.to

22、 4.But 5.which 6.performed 7.the 8.highlighting 9.excited 10.Though/AlthoughPassage5. 1.lost 2.a 3.must 4.that/which 5.because 6.worse 7.to stay 8.in/with 9.saying 10.were rescued第26页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四Passage6. 1.grew 2.As 3.called 4.successful 5.how 6.that/which 7.what 8.organization 9.he

23、r 10.thePassage7. 1.the 2.it 3.but 4.exactly 5.embarrassing 6.was taking 7.parking 8.when 9.should 10.time Passage8. 1.it 2.was asked 3.saying 4.a 5.only 6.physically 7.who 8.strengths 9.whether 10.importantPassage9. 1.their 2.useless 3.to make 4.be inspired 5.a 6.playing 7.weight 8.Besides/Moreover

24、 9.that 10.So第27页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四Passage10. 1.were trained 2.until peting 4.different 5.generally 6.which 7.them 8.with 9.ancestors 10.ThePassage11. 1.is created 2.The 3.actually 4.from 5.would（虚拟） 6.to figure 7.idea 8.waiting 9.than 10.while/butPassage12. 1.introducing 2.problem 3.of 4.

25、to accept 5.a 6.paid petitive 8.when 9.higher 10.that/which第28页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-第29页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式的时态 不定式的一般式 to do I am glad t

26、o see you. He has decided to give her some money. They are discussing the meeting to take place tomorrow. 表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作 或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是 在它之后发生。第30页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式的进行式to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.He is sai

27、d to be studying in America.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。第31页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式的完成式 to have done He happened to have seen the film before. He is believed to have studied in America.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。第32页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get

28、there in time.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned不定式的完成式 to have doneHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在would like后边表示未能实现的愿望。 第33页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四Exercises:1.Robert is said _(study)abroad, but I dont know what country he will stud

29、y in.2.Robert is said_ (study)abroad, but I dont know what country he is studying in.3.Robert is said _ (study)abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.第34页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式的语态主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.The next thing t

30、o be done is to get our classroom painted. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.He is said to have been praised.第35页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四 The question is very difficult（for me) to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.He is hard to talk to.The air is hard to brea

31、the.1. 主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的), comfortable, interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.一般认为形容词后省去了for sb. 主动形式表被动意义的不定式9）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂第36页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四The box is light enough to carry

32、.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主语+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主语+be +too +adj. +to do第37页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。 There is a lot of work to do. （S

33、omebody has to do the work. ） There is a lot of work to be done. （The work has to be done. ） 第38页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如： Have you got a key to unlock the door ? (A key unlocks the door. ) 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 I have got a

34、 letter to write.( I write letter. ） He needs a room to live in. （He lives in a room. ） 第39页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. It is possible for our hopes to be realized. Do you have anything to wash?Do you have any

35、thing to be washed? Do you have anything to be sent to Shanghai?第40页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 doing sth.忘记已做了某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事 doing sth.记得曾经做某事mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着try to do 尽力做 doing 试着做consider to be 认为。是 doi

36、ng 考虑做某事cant help do 不能帮着做某事 doing 忍不住做某事第41页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating2. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gon

37、e C. going D. having gone3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented第42页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四4. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking5. _ lat

38、e in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep6. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make第43页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C.

39、learned D. learning9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to ride D. do not to第44页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四10. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing

40、C. to hear D. to have heard11. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects第45页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12

41、点44分，星期四13. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see14. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it第46页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分，星期四1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子to have arrived safely第47页，共53页，2022年，5月20日，12点44分