2021届高考英语阅读微技能突破2020全国卷阅读易错题整理细节理解(含对点练习)

1、2021 高考英语阅读微技能突破2020 全国卷阅读易错题整理：细节理解（含对点练习） 项目一基于错题重： 2020 真题阅读（）节解学版 （2020 全卷 1）这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工 程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一 些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。DThe connection people and plants long the subject of scientific research. Recent found positive A in Youngstown

2、 ， Ohio ， for example, areas of city experienced In ， to more productive workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the of Technology(MIT)have it a step the in order to perform ， unusual These include plants have leaves toshow when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect h

3、armful chemicals in groundwater. We thinking about how we engineer plants to replace functions the that we every explained Michael a professor of at MIT.33. What function of on leaves MIT To detect plants of To change compositions of C. To the life of longer. To chemicals in plants.教版 ( 确案 A ）一词重 n.

4、 联系subject 主，实验对象productive 能生产的；多产的；富有成效的 n. 作文，作曲，作品 构；合成物；成分diverse 不同的，多种多样的 n. 传感器 察；发现；探测 设计，策划二句结分The engineers at the of Technology(MIT)have it a step further the of plants in to get diverse， unusual functions.主干： engineers have it a step further 分析： at the 介词短语作后置定语， the 现在分词短语作状语， in order

5、 to get perform diverse ，even unusual 不式作目的状。参考译文：麻省理工学院 (MIT) 的工程师们更进一步，他们改变了植物的实际组成， 使它们发挥不同的、甚至不同寻常的功能。三解突细节理解题。根据第二段中 These include plants have leaves show when short of water and plant harmful chemicals in groundwater. 可知由此可知，麻省理工学院工程植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检 测植物缺水的情况。故选 。四干选选项 B 是误理解 changing of plants

6、；项 是无中生有；选 项 是换宾语，文中 plant that can detect in groundwater ，中 讲 groundwater ，选项是 。五出句译诵 have to show when shortof water plant that can detect in 翻译：这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以 检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。 （2020 山卷 ）这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Jennifer 在里不能供大学教育的情况下，通过 自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕 业，还给家人，尤其是她的

7、三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。BJenifer needed typical college student to pursue her goal of a That when graduated of the first in family to earn a bachelors Edgar, Wisconsin, on a farm in family of Her worked job away from the and mother farm with After high working to pay 学 费 because extra set for education.

8、After graduation, worked to her sisters brothers for their schooling. now is and three of her decided back to to advance able to better family doingsomething she nursing. chose Claire at Ministry Josephs in Marshfield she her four degree close home. She drive to and be home in the evening with Jenif

9、er from family as she worked her Her worked two jobs to cover the bills, her 68-year-old take of the children times. Why did program Ministry in To take care of B. To the C. To save for her D. find a well-paid job 教版 ( 确案 A ）一词重 n. 意力；毅力 v. 继续；从事；追求 取成果 a degree 获学士学位 （）工学院；专科学校set aside 留出 推进二句结分 d

10、ecided back to to her be better support family while doing something she loves: 主干： She decided go back college.分析： career and be support her family 由 并两个 不定式作目的状语； while she nursing 是语从句的省。 参考译文：她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情 护理的同 时更好地支持她的家庭。三解突细节理解题。根据第三段的 program Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in M

11、arshfield because she was able to pursue her four degree close home. She drive to and be home in the evening with 可， 选位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 Claire 项目是因为离家近， 这样便于照顾她的三个孩子，故选 A 项。四干选B 和 C 选项容易因为片面理解这句话而解文意 She decided to college to career and be support her family she nursing. 选项颠倒是非，文中指丈夫努力工作支付费用 worked tw

12、o jobs to cover the bills.五出句译诵 the UW- Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph Hospital Marshfield because was to her degree close home. could drive class home in to with 翻译：她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的 Claire 项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子 。 （2020 浙卷 ）这是一篇说明文。神经病学杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细 致规

13、划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作， 有能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保 持敏锐。CChallenging work lots of thinking, and might help your stay you age, a study published Wednesdayin Neurology the University of Leipzig in more workers who were over 75 and assessed the volunteers thinking through a tests. for eight years, the scientists the s

14、ame group come back lab every 18 months to the same sorts of tests. had held mentally 刺激 ), before do best the tests. And they tended to cognitive( 认 ) function slower rate than with the mentally challenging results ter the scientists accounted for the participants overall health 28. Why the volunte

15、ers the To their evaluate C. To analyze their personality. To mental ability.教版 ( 确案 D ）一词重 分析的；解的；善于分析的 adj. 管理 理的gather v. 聚集，集合 vt. 评定；估价a of 一串的 各，多种多样的retirement n. 退休二句结分Challenging work that lots of analytical thinking, and managerial might help your brain stay sharp as you age, published in

16、the journal suggests.主干： study 分析： that requires lots planning and other managerial skills 中 引导定语从句， you age 中 as 引时间状语从句， published Wednesday the journal Neurology 过去分词短语作后置定语。参考译文：周三发表在神经学 杂上的一项研究表明，具有挑战性的 工作需要大量的分析思维、计划和其他管理技能，这可能有助于你的大脑随着年龄的 增长保持敏锐。三解突细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 “Researchers from the Univers

17、ity of Leipzig in G gathered than 1,000 retired workers who were over age assessed volunteers and thinking skills a 可，科学让志愿者做测试是为 了测试他们的心智能力。故选 D 项四干选A 项容易错误定位到第三最后一句而选择 The true the scientists accounted the participants overall health B 和 C 属无中生有。五出句译诵 the University of in more than 1,000 workers w

18、ere over age 75 and assessed the volunteers and thinking skills tests.翻译：来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了 1000 多 75 岁以上的退休老人，并通 过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。二、对点练习 （东一模）D.Scientists wished to check what would the seeds after extraterrestrial （外的） forces and hoped they beneficial mutations （变） offered good opportunitie

19、s ，which enabled their studies effect of on the growth and of life on Earth. refers process of seeds to fores microgravity, vacuums during a spaceflight and then them back to for and planting. and examine several generations of from space-bred seeds and investigate positive while negative.Those with

20、 positive will be kept and will be introduced to farmers after 33. What about space-based mutation It is not B. Mutations in a C. It effects. D. Approval will be mutated 正确答案选 B解释：细节理解题。根据“ some are and desirable are ” （有些是积极的和可取的，而另一些是消极的），由此可知突变以随机的方式发展。 故选 B 。2. （州一模）No-we need it Even, if a badl

21、y punctuated. like this one: It can be, understood. piece of that it is words that the important the the symbols them. Oxford-based linguist It isthe order in words meaning, not If is in meaning of the people are clever work out person trying For when speak, they not use punctuation yet understand e

22、ach other.”Also, punct can be confusing are lots of and if it is incorrectly it more problems if none, Punctuation 31. following can Jones s A Punctuation adds to effect and a Without punctuation, would be speaking.C Pauses in similar functions to The order of are conveying 正确答案选 A解释：细节理解题。 linguist

23、 It is order in the appear that the meaning, the marks. If inthe of sentence, enough work what person trying For when speak, they not use punctuation yet we can understand other. （牛津大学的语言学家 Jones 说 “ 单词出现的顺序， 而不是标点符号，能传达意思。如果对这句话的意思有任何疑问，人们会聪明到理解 这个人真正想说什么。例如，当人们说话时，他们不使用标点符号，但我们仍然可以 理解对方。 ） 文中 Kelly Jones 观点是单词的出现顺序传达意思而不是标点符号，所 以题目与