翻译课补充例句课件

1、第一讲 翻译教程概述The TV viewer is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part. （死译）电视观众是完全被动的，并从他的方面不做任何努力而使每一样东西呈现在他面前。 （活译）电视观众是完全被动的， 他可以毫不费力就看到所播放的每一个节目。2. Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown, the new technological unemp

2、loyment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. （死译）最新技术一开始就由于全球性经济发展缓慢而引起的失业而前景黯淡，新技术引起的失业问题可能会以20世纪末的巨大社会经济挑战而出现。 （活译）虽然新技术所带来的失业问题，在它开始出现的时候与当时全球性的经济衰退所引起的失业现象相比不过是小巫见大巫，但到20世纪末，这个问题可能成为对社会静静的巨大挑战。3. It is a long lane that has no turning. A. 那是一条没有拐弯的长巷（直译

3、）误 B.无论多长巷子子也有拐弯之处（意译）正 C.路必有弯，事必有变（意译）正4. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. A. 我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值（直译）误 B. 对现代科学的价值无论如何估计也不会过分（意译）正 5. The dress set off to perfection the seventeen-inch waist, the smallest in three counties. 直译： 这身衣服把她在三个县里最细的只有十七英寸的腰 身衬托的尽善尽美。 意译：她的十七英寸的腰围, 在三个

4、县里算是最细的了, 这 身衣服把她的细腰束得尽善尽美 。6. Nobody grows old merely by the number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. 直译： 人不会仅仅因为年龄的增长而垂老; 我们垂老是因为抛 弃了理想. 意译：1)岁月有加,并非垂老; 理想泯灭,暮年即至. 2) 带走青春的不是岁月的流逝，而是理想的泯灭。7. Nothing that has been done can not be done better. 直译：没有什么已被做过的事情不能被做得更好。 意译：任何事情都有改进的余地。8. Wo

5、rds dont always mean what they seem to mean. 直译：文字语言并不总是它表面的含义。 意译：话语常有弦外之音。第二讲 英汉语言的差异1. Laid out in the early 15th century, the Forbidden City unfolds powerfully in courtyard after courtyard, as if the power of the emperor himself could never quite be reached. 早在15世纪初，紫禁城就形成了现在的格局：重重庭院错落有致，气势显赫，犹如

6、皇帝的龙威，可望而不可及。2. In reality, the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred, and science again approaching the “unity” that it had two centuries ago although the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now, and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it. 虽然现在积累起来

7、的知识要多得多，而且任何个人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但实际上，各学科之间的界限却变得模糊不清，科学将再次近似于两百年前那样的“大一统”状态。3. As was cleared up some time later, news came from a distance that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。7. 中国人民正在中国共产党的领导下，团结一致地进行着伟大的社会主义建设。 Led by the

8、Chinese communist party, the Chinese people, united as one, are engaged in the great task of building socialism.8. He witnessed the sixth post-war economic crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields in the USA. 他亲眼目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域的经济危机。9. 这3个县经历了那场中国70年代第四次较为严重的遍及数省的自然灾害。 The

9、 three counties underwent the fourth rather serious natural disaster that plagued several provinces in china in the 1970s.第四讲 增词法“If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “既然那么阔，干嘛要叫穷？既然那么穷，干嘛摆阔气？”2. However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are sealed, some heat escapes and is lo

10、st. 不管锅炉壳与蒸汽管封闭得多么严密，还是有一部分热散失损耗掉。3. Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词需要解释。4. In Beijing, there was a divine scale and a higgledy-piggledy scale. 过去的北京既有一种神圣的规模，又有一种杂乱无章的格局。2. 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。We answer that the Long March is the f

11、irst of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a propaganda force, a seeding-machine.3. 匪军所至，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄，掠夺财物，无所不用其极。When the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.第五讲 被动语态1. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world ha

12、s learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used. 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用2.Nuclearpowersdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation 核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词辐射来概括。3. “One country, two systems” has been adopted to suit Chinas conditions and is not an ex

13、pedient measure. 采取“一国两制”适合中国国情，并非权宜之计。4. If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. 如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。5. How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures

14、 be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一起合成电影的呢？6. He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。第七讲 长句的翻译1. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入了梦乡时，电仍然在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。分析：该句由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的句子以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成。共有五层意思。此五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与英语完

15、全一致，因此可以采用顺译法。 Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.2. 当他们活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。分析: 单一主语，语义的表述顺序英汉语一致，故顺译。-“总要尽量多工作、多学习”是“他们”活着时的动作行为，因而译为主要的表达方式，其它部分

16、译为非谓语动词形式。 As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives 4. 世界各国的医学专家们多年来一直在致力于构建一整套科学的有关人体健康的标准体系。分析: 句子的主干: 多年来专家们构建体系。句中的其他部分则多数充当了定语、状语等。For years，medical experts from different cou

17、ntries have committed themselves to establishing a set of scientific standard system for human health.5.每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国到处可见。分析: 本句中，前几个小句是无主句，之后又出现外位复指词“这”来作总结说明，这样的句型如果硬译成“At four or five pm in England，people eat some bread or biscuits and have a short chat，this is common

18、in England.” 不符合英语的表达习惯，故需要调整语序。这种情景（喝茶、吃面包、闲聊等）到处可见。 There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PMwhen people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation6. 要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详细的信息，作更多的指导，这个问题显得越来越重要了。 It becomes more and more

19、important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advices.7. 我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事儿可多着呢。分析：本句如果按汉语结构译作 I have visited some places and met many people. If I talk about them, there are a lot of wonderful st

20、ories to tell about. 对英语读者而言，此译文既啰嗦又无头绪。 可将此句并为一句： There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 8. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。 China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one ten

21、th of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests, rivers and places for other uses.9. 上海位于长江入海口，是中国最大的城市，同时也是一座历史文化名城和著名的旅游城市、全国最大的经济中心和贸易、金融、文化中心。 Located on the estuary of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the largest city in China. It is also a historic city famous for its culture and t

22、ourism, the biggest center for Chinas economy, trade, finance and culture.10. 当他们活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。 As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible，unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives12. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边

23、，船里有位船夫睡得正香。分析: 这个句子虽然不是很长，但句的主语是“她”，说明“她”透过窗子看到了什么; 句具体描写了“她”看到的船里船夫在睡觉。句的主语“船夫”明显不同于句的主语“她”，因而，在主语转换之处分句另译有利于译文表达清楚。译文: Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bankIn it there was a boatman fast asleep13. 在这个世界上仍然有少数利益集团，总想通过在这样那样的地方制造紧张态势来谋利，这是违背大多数人民的意志和时代潮流的。分析: 句是对

24、句的概括，因此，断开分译更能体现原句的概括总结。译文:There are still in this world a few interest groups which always want to seek gains by creating tensions here and there This is against the will of the majority of the people and against the trend of the times15.如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的“带来灾难性的影响”，那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难，做出决策。If the announce

25、ment of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, “disastrous effect, ” we will face that disaster squarely and make a new policy decision. ( 用前后逗号插入信息) 杭州 意大利著名旅行家马可波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。”在中国也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有两千多年的历史。杭州不仅以

26、自然美景闻名于世，而且有着传统文化的魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客（poet and writer）的题咏（poem and inscription），而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品，真可称得上“人间天堂”。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo described Hangzhou as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels like in paradise”. In China, there is also a saying, “In Heaven there is Paradise;

27、 on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhous fame mainly depends on its picturesque West Lake. Hangzhou, one of Chinas six ancient major capital cities, has a history of more than 2000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of traditional culture. Apart fro

28、m many poems and inscriptions left behind by poets and writers through dynasties, it also boasts delicious and delicate handicrafts, which deserves “Paradise on earth”.环境保护 当今世界，环境保护已经成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去十年，海平面上升和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、温室效应等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和健康。中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济与保护环境的双重任务。从

29、国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化（ modernization ）的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，并在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。 Nowadays, environmental protection has become an issue that the government of many countries and people from all walks of life commonly care about. During the past ten years, sea level rose and forests were destroyed at an

30、unprecedented rate while a series of environmental problems, such as deterioration of ecosystem, extinction of bio-species, and the green-house effect., have posed a serious threat to human living conditions and health. As a developing country, China is confronted with the dual task of developing ec

31、onomy and protecting environment. Based on its national conditions, China has, in the process of promoting overall modernization, made environment protection one of its basic state policies, and carried out nationwide campaigns of pollution prevention and treatment as well as environment and ecology

32、 protection.Companionship of Books A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change.