高考英语阅读能力提升-整体阅读与文体结构探究-课件

1、高考阅读能力提升 整体阅读与文章结构探究1高考阅读能力提升 整体阅读与文章结构探究1阅读理解理解作者意图，观点和态度（1-2个）理解具体信息（多个，减少）做出推理和判断（多个，增多）猜测词义（1）理解主旨要义（1）理解文章基本结构（1个，贯穿）考纲要求2阅读理解理解作者意图，观点和态度（1-2个）理解具体信息（多Lead-inWhat would you do when you are trying to write an article?Theme Topic sentenceSupporting information3Lead-inWhat would you do when Learn

2、ing首段(先立论后摆事实讲道理) 正三角形（）总分结构 尾段(先摆事实，后作结论) -倒三角形（） 分总结构 文中(先引入话题，中间分析，最后总结) -棱形（） 总分总结构 文中(次要-主要-次要) 沙漏形（ ） 分总分结构 主旨不明显，隐含在段意中，可根据已知细节归纳中心思想 -矩形（） -形散神不散（故事类文章）Five kinds of structures:4Learning首段(先立论后摆事实讲道理) 文章结构 题目/首段 （核心词） - 文章话题中心 确立文体和结构 （应用文/议论文/说明文） 支撑段或扩展段 读出四要素 - 确立记叙文和结构段落结构 主题句(Topic Sent

3、ence)，即本段话题中心（常为段首句） 支撑句或扩展句(Developing Details)How to make fast-reading?5文章结构 How to make fast-readi If there is one thing Im quite sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we still be reading newspapers. Not those newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of the news from

4、 the television or have the radio switched on in the background or in the car. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation. The nature of what is news may change. What essentially (本质上) makes news is what a

5、ffects our lives the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. Its already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering. In the

6、future I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we doas we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are. Its quite possible that in the next century newspaper will be transmitted electronically from Fleet Street and

7、 printed out in our own homes. In fact, Im pretty sure that that is how it will happen in the future. Youll probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to readsports and international news etc. 1 I think people have got it wrong when they t

8、alk about the competition between the different media. 2 They actually feed off each other. 3 Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasnt happened. 4 What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.5 And as for t

9、he Internet, its never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.6 If there is one thing Im qu整体阅读：本文共有4个自然段，各个段落之间为总分结构，文体为议论文。Para1：Topic sentence：If there is one thing Im quite sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we still be reading newspapers.讲述作者的观点,即一百年后人们仍要读报,为全文的中心段Pa

10、ra2：topic sentence：The nature of what is news may change. 即新闻的本质会改变。Para3：讲述读者将会根据自己的兴趣编辑报纸。Para4：topic sentence：I think people have got it wrong when they talk about the competition between the different media. 即人们错误地谈论了媒体间的竞争。7整体阅读：7细节阅读Para4段落结构梳理: 第一句是主旨句 第二句(They actually feed off each other.)讲

11、各种媒体互相依靠, 第三句(Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasnt happened.)讲,有些人预测电视会使报纸消失,但是这并没有发生, 第四句(What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air.)讲,打印的材料比电视上的图片和声音延续的时间要长, 第五句(And as for the Internet, its never

12、really pleasant to read something just on a screen.)讲至于说到网络,人们不会只满足于阅读屏幕上的材料,还需要看报纸来迎合个人的习惯。支持细节句8细节阅读支持细节句8So easy！解题：1. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Best Way to Get New B. The Changes of Media C. Make Your Own Newspaper D. The Future of Newspaper 9So easy！解题：9 从_阅读_阅读： _(中心)_(分层)

13、_(联络)整体阅读看什么？ _,_,_,_阅读思路总结:10 从_阅读_整体阅读细节阅读全文(中心)段落(分层)单句(联络)整体阅读要看：结构，文体，中心话题，主题句，上下文关系阅读思路总结11阅读思路总结11Tips：1.科普类阅读理解说明文 文体特点1.专业术语、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词 2. 句子结构复杂，长难句较多，考生对其望而生畏，不知如何下手特别提醒：内容简单的文章，题目的思维含量高，难度大，如故事类。内容庞杂、生词术语较多的文章，题目却相对会简单。（命题者调控试卷难度的手段） 切入点：篇章结构特点：结构严谨，层次分明，段落清晰，逻辑性强。事物说明文总分式，其中“分”

14、的部分又常按并列方式安排事理说明文递进式，一层一层剖析事理。科普说明文总分总，即Practice time12Tips：Practice time12 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the ci

15、ty experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to pe

16、rform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every

17、day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the

18、amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that w

19、ould last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）such as the distance

20、 from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 13 The connection between peopl32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants. B. A big

21、fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollut

22、ion-free?1432. What is the first paragrap语篇分析：整体阅读：本文共有_个自然段，各个段落之间为_结构，文体为_。Para1：Topic sentence：_Para2：Topic sentence：_Para3：Topic sentence: _Para4: Topic sentence： _Para5: Topic sentence： _15语篇分析：15 消息报道类新闻即刻告诉读者发生了什么事情 主要内容高度概括在前面前三段或者第一段，再一一讲解前因后果 切入点：熟悉新闻类的倒金字塔结构 2.Tips: 新闻类阅读理解16 消息报道类新闻即刻告诉读

23、者发生了什么事情2 Londons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the be

24、tter. 58 Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps B. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London? D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?17 Londons newest skys3. tips：故事类阅读理解183. tips：故事类阅读理解18Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds

25、 old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Pi

26、ccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finallyreached her, the

27、woman flooded him with questions: Who are you？What antique shop？ However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. At that point, I knew she meant business, Zac says. To drive eight hours to

28、come to see me. The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure. This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions（场合）would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands, Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so s