高中英语-过去分词的用法全面(共46张)课件

1、Grammar The Past ParticipleGrammar The Past Participle1.在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。Explanation1.在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。Explanati2. v-ed表示动作已经完成或被动意义eg: fallen leaves落叶(已落下的叶子)eg: I heard the door closed.我听见门被关上了。3. 否定式：not + v-edeg: He escaped, not seen by anyone.2. v-ed表示动作已经完成或被动意义eg: fallen过去分词所充当的成分：一、作表语 (

2、predicative)1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，其用法相当于adj.，放在系动词后面。eg: The door remained locked till 7 oclock.eg: I am pleased with the result of the experiment.(许多v-ed形式已经被当作adj.使用, 如: excited, disappointed, moved, puzzled,lost等)过去分词所充当的成分：一、作表语 (predicative)注意区别：2. v-ed作表语时，与系动词一起构成的系表结构与普通的被动语态在形式上相似。系表结构

3、中的v-ed表示：被动语态中的v-ed表示：主语所处的状态一个被动的动作eg: The cup is broken. The cup was broken by Tom.系表结构表状态被动语态表动作注意区别：2. v-ed作表语时，与系动词一起构成的系表结构注意比较：3. 过去分词v-ed和v-ing作表语的区别：过去分词v-ed:现在分词v-ing:表主语(人)所处的心理状态，个人的感受. “(人)感到.”表主语(物或人)所具有的特征. “(物或人)令人.”eg: surprised/ surprising; encouraged/ encouraging; moved/ moving.注意

4、比较：3. 过去分词v-ed和v-ing作表语的区别：过二、作定语 (attribute)1. 前置定语：单个的v-ed作定语，一般放在被修饰的n.之前；后置定语：v-ed短语作定语时，常被放在被修饰的n.之后，相当于一个定语从句。eg: an invited guest 一位受到邀请的客人eg: The injured bird lay on the ground.eg: The boy named Tom is my brother.eg: a letter written in blue ink二、作定语 (attribute)1. 前置定语：单个的v-注意:如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词

5、或指示代词those等时，即使是一个单一的分词作定语也要放在被修饰的词之后。eg: There was nobody invited here. I want to find somebody interested in the case.注意:如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词those等时，2. v-ed作定语与定语从句的互换:(1) 若是vt.的过去分词作定语表示已经完成的动作，且含有被动意义，可改成v.用被动形式的定语从句。eg: The letter posted today will reach you in a week. =The letter which was post

6、ed today will.2. v-ed作定语与定语从句的互换:(1) 若是vt.的过(2) 若是vi.的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成，不表被动，可改成v.用完成时态的定语从句。eg: a retired teacher = a teacher who has retiredeg: the fallen leaves=the leaves which have fallen(2) 若是vi.的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成，不表被动注意：分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义常用定语从句。我们一般不说 The girl having won the race is my friend.

7、而常说：The girl who has won the race is my friend.注意：分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义常用定语从句3. v-ed形式与其他非谓语动词作定语时区别：（1）doing作定语- 主动，动作正在进行（3）done作定语- 被动，动作已完成（2）being done作定语- 被动，动作正在进行（4）to do作定语- 将来要发生的动作（5）having done- 不能作定语，用定语从句代替注意比较：eg: a broken cup ; some singing birds3. v-ed形式与其他非谓语动词作定语时区别：（1）doi分词作定语与动词

8、不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discussedbeing discuss

9、edto be discussed分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：discussedbe注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同： flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：Exercise:1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer

10、can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingBExercise:1. Prices of daily go 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往Practise1). When _(heat), water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2

11、) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heatedheatingSeenSeeing t

12、akentakingPractiseheatedheatingSeenSeein分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. FTT(True or false)分词作状

13、语时的逻辑主语问题FTT(True or false现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“

14、正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果 AA现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别AA 表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到 ”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is interesting。现在

15、分词和过去分词作表语的区别 表示心理状态的动词如excite, interestdelighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到 失望的encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓 舞的pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的worrying 令人担心的worried 感到担心的delighting令人高兴的d

16、elighted感到2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledC2. With a lot of different pro3. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, rea

17、ding C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read C. pinned, reading3. When I got back, I saw a me三、作宾补 (Object Complement)v-ed作宾补，表示被动意义或已完成意义，或两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的被动关系。v-ed作宾补的几大类型的v. :1. 在make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词后面作宾补：eg: Please keep us informed of the latest news. 请随时把最新消息告诉我们。三、作宾补 (Object

18、 Complement)v-ed作eg: When you speak, you have to make yourself understood.说话时要让人听得懂。注意：在have + n./ pron. + 过去分词，即have sth. done这一结构中，have通常有三种意义。eg: I usually have my clothes washed on Sundays, but I dont wash my clothes myself.(1) 表示“让某人做某事”，v-ed动作的执行者通常不是句子的主语。eg: When you speak, you have teg: The

19、 museum had everything robbed of in the war.eg: I have had my bike repaired.(2) 表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击”，v-ed动作的执行者不是句子的主语，而是主语受到这种动作的影响。eg: The old man had his leg broken in the accident.eg: The museum had everything (3) 表示通常意义的“有”。eg: We had a lot of books left in the classroom.2. 在see, hear, watch, notic

20、e, feel, find, think等感官动词或表示心理状态的动词后面作宾补：eg: I saw the thief caught by the policeman.eg: We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. (3) 表示通常意义的“有”。eg: We had a lo3. 在would like, want, like, wish, order, expect, request等表示“希望，想要、要求”的v.后面作宾补：eg: The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed

21、 at the moment.eg: We wished the problem settled at once.4. 在介词with/ without + n./ pron. + v-ed结构中。宾语宾补(宾语和宾补之间有被动关系)3. 在would like, want, like, wieg: The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.eg: They left without a plate untouched.他们走了，没有一盘菜没动过。注意： with/ without + n./ pron. + v-

22、ed这一结构在整句话中是作状语的，表原因，结果，方式或伴随情况。eg: The thief was brought in w注意比较：v-ed, v-ing和to do作宾补的不同：v. + 宾 + v-ed:v. + 宾 + v-ing:v. + 宾 + (to) do:表动作已完成，与宾语之间是被动关系。表动作正在进行或持续动作，与宾语之间是主动关系。表动作将要发生或表动作全过程，与宾语之间是主动关系。注意比较：v-ed, v-ing和to do作宾补的不同：v1. We found the trees _(plant) already.We found many people _ tre

23、es there.plantedplantingExercise:2. Mrs. White found her husband _ by letters and papers and _ very worried. A. surrounding; looking B. surrounded; looked C. surrounding; looked D. surrounded; looking1. We found the trees _(四、作状语 (Adverbial)v-ed作状语，它与主句的主语构成被动关系，表示被动的或已完成的动作。此时可以表示原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随情况等，

24、相当于一个状语从句。v-ed作状语的几大类型:(1) 作原因状语，相当于as, since, because引导的原因状语从句.四、作状语 (Adverbial)v-ed作状语，它与主句的eg: Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. =As we were deeply moved by the film, we all cried.(2) 作时间状语，相当于when, while, before, after引导的时间状语从句.Asked how he broke into the room, he made no answer.=When he w

25、as asked how he broke into the room, he made no answer.eg: Deeply moved by the film, (3) 作条件状语，相当于if, unless, once引导的条件状语从句.eg: Given more time, we would do the work better.=eg: If we were given more time, we would do the work better(4) 作方式或伴随状语，可位于句首或句末，可扩充为并列句。eg: The actress came in, followed by

26、her fans.=The actress came in, and was followed by her fans.(3) 作条件状语，相当于if, unless, once引(5) 作让步状语，有时可以与although, though, even if, even though等连用eg: Much tired, my parents still kept on working.=Although they were much tired, my parents still kept on working.eg: Though beaten by them, we were not d

27、iscouraged.=eg: Though we were beaten by them, we were not discouraged.(5) 作让步状语，有时可以与although, thoug注意： 过去分词作状语，有时无被动意味，只表示状态, 或是固定搭配。1. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed解析：be dressed in sth. 穿着.，表状态2. _ with a bill f

28、or $10,000, he has taken an extra job. A. Facing B. Having faced C. To face D. Faced解析：be faced with sth. 面对.，是固定搭配注意： 过去分词作状语，有时无被动意味，只表示状态, 或是固比较： v-ed, v-ing, to do作状语的用法(1) v-ed作状语表示:被动的或已完成的动作(2) v-ing作状语表示:主动的和正在进行的动作，即动作由句子的主语发出，并和谓v.的动作同时发生(3) to do作状语表示:主动的动作，常作“目的，原因，结果”状语比较： v-ed, v-ing,

29、to do作状语的用法(1非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去Exercises:1. _ with other architecture, this building is special.2. _ to other women, she was very lucky.3. _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. Compar

30、ed B. Being comparedC. Comparing D. Having comparedACAExercises:1. _ with oth1【误】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall.【解析】 考查固定结构。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth.2【误】 She was the first

31、person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 【解析】 当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。专题七 反面解读1【误】 We dont allow to smoke3【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very imp

32、ortant one. 【解析】 being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrows meeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。4【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning. 【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. 【解析】 see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。3【误】 The question being disc5Ive been looking forward to hear from you

33、.【答案】 hear 改为hearing。 【解析】 短语look forward to中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。6He admitted to have stolen the car.【答案】 to have改为having。【解析】 admit 后面跟动词的ing形式作宾语。7This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.【答案】 This改为 It。【解析】 作形式主语，代替动词的ing形式，只能用it。5Ive been looking forward t8The flowers need being watered. 【答案】 being watered改为watering或者to be watered。【解析】 need, want, require等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“需要被”。9现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。(1)【误】 I could see the hou