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1、概要写作技巧指导1概要写作技巧指导1What is a summary? A summary is a shortened passage which keeps the important information of the original in your own words but without your opinion.A summaryA brief writing2What is a summary? A summarHow to make a summary?Step 1: Read for the topic Step 2: Read for the structure S

2、tep 3: Underline the key points, sentencesStep 4: Paraphrasing Step 5: Polish and make up the whole passageFive steps to make a summary3How to make a summary?Step 1:The ways of paraphrasing:1. 正反法 You will fail. You will not succeed.Jack didnt pass the driving test, but he still hoped to.Though Jack

3、 failed to pass the driving test, he still hoped to.4The ways of paraphrasing:1. 正反2. 词性转换法 Patience is very important. Patience is of great importance.The pollution makes people very anxious about their living environment. People show great _ about their living environment. anxiety52. 词性转换法 Patienc

4、e is very impo3. 同义替换法: Keeping silent can actually make your anger longer. Keeping silent may not help and can _ your anger. She went to study in New Zealand because she intended to immigrate there. She went to New Zealand _ immigrating there. I didnt catch any fish because I was not patient. I did

5、nt catch any fish _ I was not patient.lengthen with the intention ofowing to the fact63. 同义替换法: Keeping silent can 4. 句式变换法 Parents should give children more praise.Children should be given more praise. Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encourage

6、d more, which will help them learn faster.Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success.When given more praise, children will achieve more success.74. 句式变换法 Parents should give 5. 连词衔接法 We should encourage students. We should not scold them.We should encourage students instead of sc

7、olding them.Cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter?. No one has yet found the answer.However, no one has yet found the answer why colds are frequent in the winter 85. 连词衔接法 We should encourage 6. 词序改变法The secret of success was patience.Patience

8、was the secret of success.96. 词序改变法The secret of success 7. 细节省略法Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away!Recordings of angry bees can send African elephants running away!107. 细节省略法Recordings of angry be8. 句意理解法Because he played carelessly we lost the gam

9、e._, we wouldnt have lost the match. But for his carelessness Shopping on the internet is becoming increasingly popular. More and more people prefer Internet shopping.118. 句意理解法Because he played care1212Practice1.What is beneficial to nature may not be good for people. 2.She went to study in New Zea

10、land because she intended to immigrate there.3.The police said that the case was being investigated. 4.Because he played carelessly we lost the game.5.The pollution makes people very anxious about their living environment. Everything _ nature is not necessarily good for people. benefiting She went t

11、o New Zealand _ immigrating there. with the intention of According to the police, the case is _. under investigation_, we wouldnt have lost the match. But for his carelessness People show great _ about their living environment. anxiety13Practice1.What is beneficial t6.On a personal note, the Interne

12、t is very valuable.7. In general men are not aware of this problem as women.8. The more one knows about pollution, the more one can do for our environment.9.Keeping silent can actually make your anger longer.10. She lay under the building and she was trapped there for threedays.Practice Personally,

13、the Internet _. is of great value Men should raise the _ of this problem in general.awarenessOne should _ of pollution to contribute to the environment. have a good knowledge Keeping silent may not help and can _ your anger.lengthen She lay _ under the building for three days.trapped146.On a persona

14、l note, the Inte阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 With the help of data one can easily know the price of a can of Coke in a supermarket, the speed at which a car is running, the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. Wh

15、at is more important, data seems to be fairer than words or statements. Therefore, many people would rather believe data than trust a man. On the other hand, if people judge things only by data from so-called specific research, arent they a little too narrow-minded? The fast pace of modern life and

16、the experience of being cheated make these people forget something important about data. More often than not, data is just part of the truth. For example, how can you tell that somebody isnt a good student just because she or he doesnt get high marks in the final examinations? And how can you refuse

17、 to accept that he poetry of William Yeats is really wonderful even though books about his poetry are never best-sellers? There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to the assessment of an actual event. But the data people get are not always correct. Incorrect data may cause people

18、 to make a wrong judgment. Therefore, data does not mean much to people if they do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether it is true or false. One more thing, it is impossible for people to measure all the things in life by data. For example, th

19、e degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. People can only feel them in their hearts but can never express them in data. Data is data after all. Just remember the world is far more wonderful than the pale data

20、can describe.15阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Para1:Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seems to be fairer than words or statements. Therefore, many people would rather believe data than trust a man.Para2:On the other hand, if people judge things o

21、nly by data from so-called specific research, arent they a little too narrow-minded? Para3:More often than not, data is just part of the truth.Para4:But the data people get are not always correct. Incorrect data may cause people to make a wrong judgment.Para5:One more thing, it is impossible for peo

22、ple to measure all the things in life by data.Para6:Data is data after all. Just remember the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.主次要点 (CP and SP) -合并,改写,删细节16Para1:Obviously, data can make本文主要介绍的data对于我们的影响。One possible version: Data brings ease and comfort to ones life and

23、seems reliable, so many people only trust data while judging things. However, if people rely too much on data, they become narrow-minded. Firstly, data is not the whole truth. Besides, wrong data may prevent them from making a good judgment. Lastly, many things in life like emotions can never be mea

24、sured by data. All in all data is not enough to describe the wonderful world.One possible version:17本文主要介绍的data对于我们的影响。One possibl I talk a lot to myself. It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity on hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while c

25、hattering to myself; more importantly, I produce better works. For example, right now, as I am typing, I am constantly mumbling to myself. Do you talk to yourself? Dont get embarrassed admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses and not crazy!

26、Psychologist-researcher Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment where 20 volunteers were shown objects, in a supermarket, and were asked to remember them. Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, banana, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result shown that self-directe

27、d speech aided people to find the objects faster, by 50 to 100 milliseconds, compared to the silent ones. “Ill often mutter to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or the supermarket shelves,” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lu

28、pyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcomes that those to talk to oneself are geniuses. Here are the reasons: When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualise the word, and you can a

29、ct accordingly. Every one of us tends to have various types of thoughts. Most make sense, while the others dont. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you wont run to a therapist, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter t

30、o yourself. You are letting go off the anger by talking to yourself, the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down. This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person. Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, t

31、end to whats important and firm up any decisions you are contemplating.”18 I talk a lot to myself写作指导:Step 1: read for topic Step 2: read for structure Step 3: read and underline key points or sentences talking to themselves geniusesPara. 1 Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5 Part 1 introduction to the top

32、icPart 2 experiment to prove itPart 3 reasons for talking to oneself19写作指导: talking to th I talk a lot to myself. It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity on hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while chattering to myself; more importantly, I

33、produce better works. For example, right now, as I am typing, I am constantly mumbling to myself. Do you talk to yourself? Dont get embarrassed admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses and not crazy! Psychologist-researcher Gary Lupyan condu

34、cted an experiment where 20 volunteers were shown objects, in a supermarket, and were asked to remember them. Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, banana, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result shown that self-directed speech aided people to find the objects

35、 faster, by 50 to 100 milliseconds, compared to the silent ones. “Ill often mutter to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or the supermarket shelves,” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lupyan, together with another psychologist,

36、 Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcomes that those to talk to oneself are geniuses. Here are the reasons: When you are talking to yourself, your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you can visualize the word, and you can act accordingly. Every one of us tends to

37、have various types of thoughts. Most make sense, while the others dont. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you wont run to a therapist, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter to yourself. You are letting go off the an

38、ger by talking to yourself, the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down. This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person. Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to whats important and firm up any de

39、cisions you are contemplating.”20 I talk a lot to myself. ItStep 4: paraphrase & polishPara1:Science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses.It has been discovered that people talking to themselves are geniuses. Para2:Psychologist-researcher Gary Lupyan conducted an ex

40、periment.Para3:Lupyan, together with another psychologist, Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcomes that those to talk to oneself are geniuses.Experiments carried out by Gary, together with Daniel are supporting this discovery. Psychologist Gary Lupyan carried out an experiment. He and another psyc

41、hologist put forward the same result.When you talk to yourself, the words appear in your mind repeatedly, which makes it easier to remember.Para5:It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to whats important and firm up any decisions you are contemplating.Meanwhile, it helps to express yourself clearl

42、y, focus on the importance and make decisions firmly. Para4:It gets easier on your memory since you can visualize the word, and you can act accordingly.21Step 4: paraphrase & polishParOne possible version: It has been discovered that people talking to themselves are geniuses. Experiments carried out

43、 by Gary, together with Daniel are supporting this discovery. When you talk to yourself, the words appear in your mind repeatedly, which makes it easier to remember. Meanwhile, it helps to explain your ideas clearly, focus on the importance and make decisions firmly. (57 words)22One possible version

44、: IA good summaryContent: Use your own words to summarize (general words)2. Cover the main points, no examples or details3. Be short and objectiveLanguage:Proper words, accurate sentence building, dont copy the original words23A good summary23 Computers have changed the way a business functions in a

45、 long way. In the past, companies rented spaces for running accounting departments. It took months to figure out profit or loss that a business had made or suffered. Recording entries and other relevant data were mainly done by hand. However, computers have become the backbone of all businesses now.

46、 Today, computers are widely used. Almost everything that happens in an organization is recorded and evaluated with the help of computers. Imagining our lives without computers is next to impossible. Computers were initially used only in workplaces. However, they soon revolutionized everything from

47、school homework to grocery shopping. When the Internet came into being, it changed the way we functioned. It brought the world closer. Over a period of time, computers enabled working at home, which created a new typed of employment for many. As technology progressed, things such as shopping, bookin

48、g tickets, buying a new house, searching for schools and colleges, applying to the same, researching for projects and medical information became a lot easier. As an indispensable tool in our lives, computers have changed the way we think in more ways than one. Today, all you have to do to find answe

49、rs is , just “ Google it”! the online world of blogging, instant messaging, chatting and social networking unites the world in a completely unimaginable way. The powerful medium provides a platform for people to voice their opinions and stir discussions that have brought about a change in the world.

50、 Computers have pushed us to see different worlds and experience different cultures. Although the growth is a virtual one, its after-effects that are very real. The revolution in Egypt is the latest example of how computers changed the world. Today the identity of information technology is computers

51、, economics, history and current affairs. The advent of computers has no doubt brought a revolutionary change in our existence, however it has a flip side too. Thus, using a computer for a better evolution in the coming decades remains a bigger challenge for mankind. 24 Computers have changed t Comp

52、uters have brought great changes in our lives over the years. Firstly, computers have largely changed the traditional way that people do business. Secondly, computers have become an important part of our lives and benefit us in different ways. Besides, computers have changed our way of thinking. Mor

53、e importantly, computers allow us to see different worlds and experience different cultures without leaving home. In conclusion, the computer has been one of the greatest inventions we have ever had.One possible version:25 One possible version:25练习1 Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless

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