英语专业考研语言学复习资料句法学

1、本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑 英语专业考研语言学复习资料句法学 Chapter 4：Syntax I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Syntax is a subfied of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words. 2.Grammatical sentences are formed follo

2、wing a set of syntactic rules. 3. Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic. 4.Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized ling

3、uistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence. 5. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend. 6. In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold

4、 unequal status, one subordinating the other. 7. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category. 8. Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for. 9. In English synta

5、ctic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. 10. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb. 11.What is actually internalized in the mind o

6、f a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge. 12. A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional. 13. It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of D-structure. 14.

7、 WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 15. A s_ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its

8、own sentence. 16. A s_ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 17. A s_ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate. 18. The part of a sentence which comprises a finite verb or

9、 a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called p_. 19. A c_ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other. 20. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e_ clause. 21. Major lexical

10、categories are o_ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added. 可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注！ 22. A _ Condition on case assignment states that a case assignor and a case recipient should stay adjacent to each other. 23. P_ are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in on

11、e way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages. 24. The theory of C_condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that ca

12、n best complete the statement: 25. A sentence is considered _ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 26. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A.

13、 coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator 27. Phrase structure rules have _ properties. 27. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 28. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of

14、 strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. 29. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called _. A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory 30. The theory of case condition accounts for the

15、fact that _. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. 31. The sentence structure is _. A. only linear B. Only hierarc

16、hical C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical 32. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite 33. The _ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences. A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational 34._

17、rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence. A. Generative B. Transformational C. X-bar D. Phrase structure IV. Define the following terms: 可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注！ 35. syntax 36. Sentence 37. coordinate sentence 38. syntactic categories 39. grammatical relations 40. linguistic competence 4

18、1. transformational rules 42. D-structure V. Answer the following questions: 43. What are the basic components of a sentence? 44. What are the major types of sentences? Illustrate them with examples. 45. Are the elements in a sentence linearly structured? Why? 46. What are the advantages of using tr

19、ee diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures? 47. What is NP movement. Illustrate it with examples. I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: l.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.F 12.T 13.T 14.T II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which beg

20、ins with the letter given: 15. simple, 16. sentence 17. subject 18. predicate 19. complex 20.embedded 21. open 22.adjacency 23.Parameters 24.Case III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. B IV. Define the following terms: 35. syntax: Syntax is a subfield of linguistics. It studies the sentence structure of language. It consists of a set of abstract rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. 36. Se