定语从句讲解课件

1、 定语从句高考考点例析The best way you can get The Attributive Clause1. 定语从句高考考点例析The 1.Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句 =主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.主

2、句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构2精品文档Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语)3精品

3、文档在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词AtAttributive clause:限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。I was the only person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennisyest

4、erday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.4精品文档Attributive clause:限制性定语从句 res考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词：做句子成分关系副词：不做句子成分五大基本句型：主 谓(Vi)主 谓(Vt)

5、 宾主 谓(Vt) 宾 宾主 谓 (Vt) 宾 宾补主 系 表5精品文档考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词：做句子成分考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词规律：缺成分，用关系代词； 不缺成分，用关系副词that 人、物 主、宾which 物 主、宾who 人 主whom 人 宾whose 人、物 定语where 地点（具体和抽象）job field situation case等when 时间why 原因6精品文档考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词规律：缺成分，用关系考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。 用什

6、么关系副词看先行词。Ill never forget the day I joined the league.on which时间状语This is the house I lived two years ago.where地点状语Do you know the reason she was late.for which原因状语关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。whenin whichwhy7精品文档考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何

7、判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake. whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Seco

8、nd World War broke out)._in whichwhenThe man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.8精品文档2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物考点3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _ ( new China

9、 was founded).whenThe window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which thatThe meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.Which that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词9精品文档3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。K口诀做主语，指物，用that，which做主语，指人，用that，who做宾语，指物，用that，who，不做宾语，指人，用that，whom，不10精品文档口诀做主语，指物，用that

10、，which10精品文档考点二：that和which的选择 (1) 只用 that，不用which 当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. 先行词被all, e

11、very, no, some, any, little, much修饰时： Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.11精品文档考点二：that和which的选择 (1) 只考点二：that和which的选择先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。That white fl

12、ower is the only one (that) I really like.This is the very book (that) I want to find. 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.12精品文档考点二：that和which的选择先行词是序数词或形容词最先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导

13、。考点二：that和which的选择Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me? 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be. 13精品文档先行词是疑问

14、词who, which, what 时，定语从Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 考点二：that和which的选择（2）只用whic

15、h的情况 B B 14精品文档Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun . The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun . The earth turns around the sun ,

16、as is known to us all . The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young . 15精品文档考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 1. 2.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.3.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而w

17、hich没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。 He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.16精品文档2.用于the sameas,suchas，asa4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常

18、接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.5.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.b. He came back late, which ma

19、de his mother worried.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句17精品文档4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如b考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g

20、. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.18精品文档考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the

21、 south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定19精品文档4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在

22、动词之后。eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 考点四：关系代词前介词的确定20精品文

23、档考点四：关系代词前介词的确定20精品文档思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.at whichThe book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).wh

24、ere/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。21精品文档思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The p五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are

25、from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA. 22精品文档五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：23精品文档六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠1. 在定语从句中（1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _ we

26、 visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。24精品文档（1）Is this factory _Correct the sentences:1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man who

27、m I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉)the one_to_which5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that25精品文档Correct the sentences:1. Im u5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed did

28、nt come to school today.7. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_A

29、s26精品文档5.Einstein is such a great sci练习题1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC27精品文档练习题1、All_ is useful to us2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD28精品文档2、Is this factory _ we visi3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、wha

30、tC、whichD、whyC29精品文档3、She will never forget the da4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD30精品文档4、This is the school _ m5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA31精品文档5、This is the very factory_6、The text is one of the most

31、interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB32精品文档6、The text is one of the most 7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB33精品文档7、The college wont take anyon8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this s

32、entence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA34精品文档8、Let me think of a proper sit9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB35精品文档9、The man _ you are talk10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、which; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC36精品文档10、This is the last factory _11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB37精品文档11、Those _ to take