2023版高三英语主题语境复习方案（新教材）教案：第三部分人与自然

1、 主题群一自然生态子主题(一)主要国家地理概况阅读理解A(2019江苏卷B)In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldnt find the parks volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volc

2、anic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up

3、.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.A

4、ltogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，th

5、e caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new highaltitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assum

6、ption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera：almost the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from

7、anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现在黄石公园没有找到火山。原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了，以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。1What puzzled C

8、hristiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?AIts complicated geographical features.BIts everlasting influence on tourism.CThe mysterious history of the park.DThe exact location of the volcano.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园没有找到火山。故选D。2W

9、hat does the second paragraph mainly talk about?AThe shapes of volcanoes.BThe impacts of volcanoes.CThe activities of volcanoes.DThe heights of volcanoes.A主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞。故选A。3What does the underlined word “blowup” in the last paragraph

10、most probably mean?AHotair balloon.BDigital camera.CBig photograph.DBirds view.C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new highaltitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that t

11、hey might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers.”可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。B(2018全国卷B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places beca

12、use they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom

13、towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness(荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Pa

14、ris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，howe

15、ver，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold t

16、hat Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today，people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush

17、 happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。4What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“New York City，for exam

18、ple，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.”可推知，由于纽约市地处哈德逊河入海口，其优越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C项正确。5What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got

19、rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.”可知，在最先的两万淘金者中，有4 000人变得富有了，换言之，即有五分之一的人(one out of five people)变得富有了，故答案为B。6What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey want

20、ed to try their luck elsewhere.CThey were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But soon.and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，当道森的黄金都被发掘后，人们听说在阿拉斯加发现了新的金矿，他们便很快离开道森了。由此可推知，他们是想去阿拉斯加碰碰运气。B项正确。7

21、What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.A主旨大意题。本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰，故A项正确。C(2017全国卷A)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning：February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes thro

22、ugh the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(时长)：2 hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties Tour Runni

23、ng：August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Franciscos most fantastic periods，the 1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration：2 hoursPrice：$90Spooky Hallowe

24、en TourRunning：October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio eq avs4al(district).Authentic fire gear(服装)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pmDu

25、ration：1 hour and 30 minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Franciscos most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from

26、 the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国旧金山的四条旅游路线。8Which of the tours is available in March?ASan Francisco Winery Tour.BBack to the Fifties Tour.CSpooky Halloween Tour.DHoliday Lights Tour.A细节理解题。根据第一个标题San Francisco Winery T

27、our下的“February 1st through April 30th”可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择San Francisco Winery Tour，故选A项。9What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?AGo to Treasure Island.BEnjoy the holiday scenes.CHave free ice cream.DVisit the Presidio district.C细节理解题。根据第二个标题Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy f

28、un history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在领略历史文化的同时，还有免费的冰激凌可吃，故选C项。10What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?ATake some drinks.BSet off early in the morning.CWear warm clothes.DMake reservations in advance.D细节理解题。根据最后一个标题Holiday Light

29、s Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想参加这条路线，游客要提前预订，故选D项。1oddly adv.古怪地2feature n特点3erupt vi.爆发；喷出4remarkably adv.引人注目的5explosive adj.爆炸的6single adj.单一的；单身的7authority n权威；权力8scale n规模；比例9harbour n海港10avalanche n雪崩11rush n冲进；仓促12industry n工业，产业13engine n发动机，引擎14delicious adj.美味的15treasure n财宝1

30、6depart v离开17authentic adj.真实的18scene n场景1level n水平2beyond prep.超出3gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地4natural adj.自然的5dig v挖掘6chief adj.主要的7present adj.现在的，出席的8transport vt.运输；运送1steam n蒸汽steamy adj.蒸汽的2confuse v使迷惑confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的3extinct v灭绝extinction n灭绝4thought n想法 thoughtful adj.考虑周到的5d

31、igit n数字digital adj.数字的6communicate vi.交流communication n交流；沟通7discover v发现discovery n发现8thrill v使兴奋thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的1all but 几乎2have a good reason for 有充分的理由3make it成功4no matter不论5.depend on取决于即时演练单句语法填空1The confused (confuse) look on Toms face suggested that he didnt quite understand his managers

32、 idea.2Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports (transport) to and from school.3As is known to all language learners, newlylearnt words will soon be forgotten unless frequently used in everyday com

33、munication (communicate)4As the weather gradually (gradual) becomes warmer and warmer, he will pick up soon.5He saw life as a voyage of discovery(discover)6If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally youll make it7It is very thoughtful(thought) of you to send the flowers.8That would have

34、 been a good enough reason for me not to go.熟词生义(写出句中黑体词的汉语意思)1Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct.大约2Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.宽.似易实难(将句中黑体词部分译成汉语)1For

35、 many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.译文然而，对于很多到过道森市的人来说，这趟艰苦的旅程是值得这些回报的。2Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.译文在这里你可以品尝到4杯旧金山提供的最好的葡萄酒。.复杂晦涩(分析句子结构并译成汉语)1Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the class

36、ic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma piles up.分析主语是most of us，谓语部分是think of.，when we talk about volcanoes是状语从句，隔开了主语和谓语。从语法结构上讲也可以把when引导的状语从句放在句首。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro。when erupting magma piles up是状语从句，修饰动词create

37、d。译文当谈到火山时，我们中的大多数都会想到富士山或者乞力马扎罗山的经典圆锥形状，它们是在岩浆喷发堆积时形成的。2The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.分析本句是由and连接的两个并列分句构成。前面分句是简单句，其中with no interest

38、in settling down作定语修饰people。后边分句的主谓结构是they left Dawson City.，when引导时间状语从句，在从句中，there were new gold discoveries in Alaska是heard的宾语从句，省略了引导词that。译文城市里挤满了失望的人们，他们对定居毫无兴趣，等听说阿拉斯加有新的金矿发现时，他们就像来时那样快速离开了道森城。1account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有 n说明；理由；计算；账目(1)take account of./o account 考虑到；顾及on account of 因为，由于on no

39、account 决不give an account of报告；叙述；说明(2)account for 解释；说明； (数量，比例上)占open an account 开户create an email account创建电子邮件账户give us a long account of her trip to Europe向我们详细讲述她的欧洲之行基础练习单句语法填空North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our export earnings.While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous pe

40、ople in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesserknown individuals.(2019天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.能力提升词汇升级普通表达：The flight was postponed because of the bad weat

41、her.高级表达：The flight was postponed on account of the bad weather.名师点津on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法的还有：by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。2involve vt.包括；涉及；使参与；需要(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中involve doing sth.包括做某事；参

42、与做某事involve oneself in sth.自己参与某事(2)involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的，有关的get/be involved in 被卷入之中；热衷于，专心于be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起，和有密切联系get involved with that crowd 与那群人混在一起involve western festivals and customs 涉及西方的节日和习俗get involved in community activities where they can gain experience for growth

43、参加社区活动，能从中为成长获取经验名师点津involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及”。如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。基础练习单句语法填空Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stre

44、sses involved(involve)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.能力提升完成句子父母应当参与孩子的教育。Parents should involve themselves in their childs education.3assumption n假设，设想(1)assume vt.设想；假定；认为；承担assume that.假定，认为assume.to be.认为是；假定是(2)assum

45、ing that假定(作状语) (3)on the assumption that假设in support of our assumption支持我们的假设it is reasonable to assume认为合理assuming it rains tomorrow假设明天下雨基础练习单句语法填空Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due to the former.(2018江苏卷)Try to understand whats actually

46、 happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) youve made.能力提升词汇升级普通表达：If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.高级表达：Assuming (that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart a

47、nd soul.4convenience n便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施(1)at ones convenience在某人方便时(2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的；附近的；容易到达的It be convenient for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是方便的sth.be convenient for sb.对某人来说是方便的a convenience store便利店convenience foods方便食品a restaurant convenient for/to shops and theatres靠近商店和剧院的餐馆基础练习单句语法填空(2019江苏

48、卷)To enjoy the convenience (convenient) of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.The hotel is conveniently (convenient) located close to the beach, thus making it popular with tourists.Would it be convenient for you to pick(pick) me up at four oclock and take me to the ai

49、rport?If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.能力提升一句多译如果你感兴趣，请你在方便的时候尽快报名吧。If you are interested, please sign up earlier at your convenience(convenience)If you are interested, please sign up earlier when it is convenient for you(convenient)名师点津convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物

50、或形式主语作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“when it is convenient for you”而不能译成“when you are convenient”。“(某个房子等)离某处近”，可用“.be convenient for/to sth.”如The house is convenient for/to several schools.5provide vt.提供；规定；准备；供应eq blc rc(avs4alco1(（1）provide sb.with sth.,provide sth.for sb.)向某人提供某物(2)provide for 赡养，养活provide aga

51、inst 预防，防备(3)provided (that) . providing (that) .倘若；在情况/条件下provide us with a chance to know more about Chinese traditional culture 为我们提供一个更多了解中国传统文化的机会provide large quantities of clothes and food for the earthquake areas 为地震灾区提供大量的衣服和食品provide against a raining day 未雨绸缪基础练习单句语法填空The police will rewa

52、rd whoever provides/has provided(provide) useful information to catch the robber.You can use the room providing/provided(provide) that you keep it clean and tidy.能力提升完成句子/句式升级我认为，兼职工作可以给大学生提供一个宝贵的机会去更多地了解外面的世界。In my view, parttime jobs provide college students with a valuable opportunity to know mor

53、e about the outside world.毕业以后，他们可以更好地适应社会。They can better adapt themselves to society after graduation.用目的状语从句连接句。In my view, parttime jobs provide college students with a valuable opportunity to know more about the outside world so that they can better adapt themselves to society after graduation.

54、6require vt.需要；要求(1)require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事require that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事(2)requirement n要求，需要meet/satisfy ones requirements 满足某人的要求require everyone to follow the rules 要求每个人都遵守规则be required to fill in the application form 要求填张申请表be competent to meet your requirements 有能力满足你们的要求名师点津req

55、uire作“需要”时，其后跟v.ing的主动形式表示被动的含义或不定式的被动式，即：require doing/to be done。类似用法的词还有need, want, deserve等。基础练习单句语法填空(2018北京卷)In my first PE.class, the teacher required us to run(run) laps and then hit a softball.(2017浙江卷)She was skeptical that the language requirement(require) would encourage integration.All

56、the problems put forward at the meeting require solving/to be solved(solve) in one month.能力提升一句多译校长要求所有的学生在学校穿校服。The headmaster required all the students to wear school uniforms at school.(简单句)The headmaster required that all the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.(复合句)It had been know

57、n for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in naturethats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.长久以来人们都知道黄石公园是火山喷发造成的这就是为什么公园内那么多热泉并且到处冒蒸汽的原因。句型公式It had been known .that是It is/has been known that.的时态变形结构，意为“人们知道”，it为形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。(1)It be known that 相当于 sb./st

58、h.be known to do, 表示“众所周知”。(2)这类句型也可以用于其他一些动词，如：It is reported that.据报道It is suggested that.有人建议It is thought that.人们认为It is said that.据说金句推送It is known that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.众所周知，二氧化碳正以先前人们所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。基础练习单句语法填空Body language is said to acc

59、ount(account) for 55 percent of a first impression.The professor is said to have succeeded(succeed) in carrying out this experiment so far.The flu is known to be caused(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.能力提升一句多译大家都知道几天前她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。It is known

60、that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.She is known to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.夯基固本知识落实.用所给词的正确形式填空 1Lets assume it to be(be) true.2Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked，the more confused (confuse) she became.3All kinds of goods a