【课件】Unit1 Reading and thinking 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSReading and ThinkingLearning ObjectivesFind out the stages of scientific research in this passage.Learn about John Snows research process Express your idea on the given topic through creative thinkingPre-readingWhat qualities do you need to be a scientist? hard workpersi

2、stencepassioncouragedevotioncreativitypatienceAlbert EinsteinTo raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science. - Albert Einstein & Leopold Infeld 提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。Leo

3、pold Infeld利奥波德英费尔德It used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world.It causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.Millions of people in Europe died from it in the early 19th century.He is a British doctor who defeats the cholera He attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth.W

4、ho?What?JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”Read the title and predict. 约翰斯诺 n.腹泻n.脱水=seriousrun nucleic acid tests get vaccinatedWe are taking measures to fight against coronavirus!Are you familiar with these situations ?Covid-19: Battling the devil It was discovered in the human body in 2019. The viru

5、s is generally characterised by fever, dry cough and gradually dyspnea(逐渐出现呼吸困难). The virus was confirmed to be with the phenomenon of human transmission and have latent infection. The disease had no specific treatment at that time, so it broke out in 2020 and swept the globe.COVID-19Besides coronav

6、irus, what other kinds of epidemics（流行病） have you heard of?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria（疟疾）plague（鼠疫）Ebola(埃博拉)What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. dehydration (缺水)severe vomiting(呕吐)diarrhea(腹泻)Many years ago, the ch

7、olera in the world killed millions of people. People were very afraid of it, but they didnt know what to do. Luckily, a young doctor decided to find out how to prevent and treat the disease. Finally, the doctor won the battle. John Snow What will be talked about from the title ?John Snow Defeats“Kin

8、g Cholera”Who ?How ?What ?Stages in scientific research Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method While readingWho was John Snow?How did John Snow defeat King Cholera?What is King Cholera?Activity 1: Read the title and

9、 predict. What does “ King ” imply in the title?Cholera is powerful and hard to cure.a British doctor.one of the most feared diseases and millions of people died from it in the early 19th century.He conducted research and found out how cholera spread.Activity 2: Read the passage again and find the m

10、ain information in each paragraph on how John Snow defeated King cholera.P1: Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome. P2: John Snow found a problem. P3: John Snow conducted research to stop the disease. adj.manyP4: John found the truth about cholera

11、. P5: John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases. n. 流行病学v. changeSummaryPara. 1: Cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century and John Snow showed how it could be overcome. Para.2: John Snow found a problem. Para 3: John Snow conducted research to stop the disease. P

12、ara.4: John found the truth about cholera. Para. 5: John contributed a lot to how to prevent cholera and how to study diseases. Summary of how John Snow defeated King cholera.Read the whole text quickly and match the main ideas.Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 4Para. 5 John Snow desired to destroy cholera.John

13、 Snow decided to prove the second theory.Snow began his study by marking on the map.Truth of the infection of cholera.Snows contributions.Para. 3 CholeraJohnSnowIts one of _ in the world, because it causes _._ (when), an outbreak of cholera hit _ milions of people _.He rose to become _ , and even _

14、Queen Victoria when she gave birth.John Snow became _ because no one knew _.However, he had a desire to _ once and for all. the most feared diseasessevere diarrhoea and dehydrationIn the early 19th centuryEuropedied from the diseasefrustratedhow to prevent or treat choleraa famous doctorattended to

15、destroy cholera Para.1ResearchbackgroundTwo contradictory theories Theory one:caused by _Theory two:caused by _SymptomsSymptomscoughsneezerunny noselungdiarrhoeadehydrationbad air germs Snow subscribed to the second theory.Para. 2Find a problemPara. 2Ask a questionWhat did John Snow investigate when

16、 another outbreak hit London in 1854?He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”What method did Snow use?A map of Broad Street-”Cholera Map”Which hous

17、es had more than 4 deaths in Broad Street?Which houses had no death in Broad Street?Multiple deaths happened here.No death happened here.He suspected that the water from the pump was to blame. Think of a method & Collect data & Anayse the resultsPara.3Find supporting evidence & Draw a conclusionPump

18、 water carried the cholera germs.Two deathsPlacePersonEventIn another part of London A woman and her daughterDied of cholera because of drinking the water delivered from the pump Remove the handle of the pumpThe disease was stopped.Para. 3_ analyse the results _ ask a question_ draw a conclusion _ c

19、ollect data _ find a problem _ find supporting evidence_ think of a methodDiscuss the following stages of scientific research in groups. What order would you put them in?5274163n.阶段Try to put the following stages of scientific research in order. Display the answersA: It was believed that cholera was

20、 caused by bad _ or germs in _.B:Snow_the places where the people who _ had lived C: Many deaths occurred near the _ in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _.D: The pump water carried _.conclusionevidenceE:

21、 The _ of the pump was cesssolutionhandletheoriesairfood or watermarked on thediedwater pumphadntdrinking watercholera germsRead from Para. 2-3 again and complete the chart below.conclusion evidence process solution theoriesmapfrom the pumpWater companies sold water from the River Thames

22、that was polluted by raw waste, causing people who drank this water to get malaria.Water companies began to sell clean water.The threat of cholera around the world decreased.He helped people know how to prevent cholera.Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.2. What contributions did John

23、 Snow make?The Father of Modern Epidemiology1. What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?Para. 4-5TruthWas cholera defeated completely?How to prevent the cholera?Para. 4-5Was cholera defeated completely?How to prevent the cholera?To prevent cholera from spreading, wed better drink pure o

24、r boiled water and eat clean food.Para. 4-5Post-readingFill in the blanks according to the text. In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, _ (cause) millions of deaths. Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how _ (prevent) or treat cholera. At that time, do

25、ctors had two theories to explain how cholera spread. One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by germs in food or water. John discovered that in two particular street _ cholera outbreak was _ severe that over 500 people died in ten days. Through his serious _

26、(investigate), he found it was the pump water in Broad Street _ resulted in the disease. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _ (remove) .causingto preventthesoinvestigationthatremovedIt turned out that the water from the pump _ (infect) by waste. Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies

27、began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw _ substantial decrease. Snow transformed the way _ scientists study diseases. For this reason, he is considered the father of modern epidemiology. Fill in the blanks according to the text. had been infectedthat / in whichaAs a

28、 doctor, he helped us to _.As a scientist, he found out _.Evaluation of John Snowwhat caused choleraprevent choleraWhat qualities do you think John Snow has?What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didnt he use? Why?Para. 5 , in his

29、use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, n. 统计数字=numbers=dataWhat was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools, e.g. a microscope, didnt he use? Why?He used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths o

30、ccurred. He didnt use a microscope. He didnt test the water, nor did he draw blood or examine patients. 采血The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at that time. Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a s

31、ubstantial decrease. . Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink, f

32、or example, as well as an emphasis on hygiene such as the need to wash hands after they become dirty. He also showed how to prevent cholera epidemics, and transformed the way scientists study diseases, which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.Write out the ques

33、tions according to the answers.1. Q: What _? A: Snow thought that cholera was caused by germs in food or water.2. Q: Why _? A: Snow had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.3. Q: How _? A: The cholera threat was defeated thanks to the work of John Snow.caused cholera according

34、 to Snowdid Snow have the handle of the pump removedwas the cholera threat defeatedHe used maps and statistics to analyse where the deaths occurred.He didnt use a microscope. He didnt test the water, nor did he draw blood or examine patients.The reason was that medical science was not so advanced at

35、 that time.Further thinking: What was the most important tool Snow used to defeat cholera? What common medical tools, e.g., a microscope, didnt he use? Why? Snows work has provided readily available clean water to drink and an emphasis on hygiene， such as the need to wash hands. He also showed how t

36、o prevent cholera epidemics, and transformed the way scientists study diseases, which has allowed for more protection from once common diseases such as cholera.Further thinking: How has John Snows work affected our daily lives?Para. 5: Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell cl

37、ean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason Discover artemisnin to treat malaria,awarded the Nobel PrizeFather of hybrid ricekeep people away from hu

38、ngerDespite the danger of infection, devote to the research of COVID-19Further thinking:The Father of Modern EpidemiologyWhat qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common? strong sense of social responsibilityprofessional knowledgeleadshipDiscussiontheretical backgroundcritical thinkingcr

39、eativityquestioning mindlogical reasoningresearch methodsstatistical abilitydeterminationinspirationdevotionLanguage Points单词课堂重难点词精讲handle英语释义辨析义blame搭配义一词多义suspectlink一词多义一词多义severesubscribe一词多义搭配义decrease搭配义前缀 multi- & 否定前缀solid一词多义severe severe weather恶劣天气severe winter寒冬severe pain剧痛severe adj 严

40、重的 extremely bad or serious：severe damage / a severe drought 严厉的；苛刻的：be severe with oneself 严峻的；激烈的：a severe winter severe competition词汇拓展 severely adv 严重地；严厉地：a severely polluted lakeAnyone breaking the law will be severely punished.问题、损害、疾病等“严重的”人对待事情的态度“严重的”环境或形势等“严重的”严重的严厉的；苛刻的严峻的；激烈的severe语义网络图

41、严重的severe基本义subscribe温故知新根据所给汉语，完成句子。Im afraid I cant _（同意）the theory.agree with/ subscribe tosubscribe to 是正式用语词源解读：sub- (underneath 在下面) + scrib (to write 写) + -e 在合同下面签字 subscribe vi 订阅（报纸、杂志等）：subscribe to Time 定期交纳（会费）；定期捐款：subscribe to a charity 认购（股份）subscribe to正式用语同意；赞成：All scientists subsc

42、ribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. 时代周刊(Time) 又称时代，创刊于1923年，是近一个世纪以来最先出现的新闻周刊之一，特为新的日益增长的国际读者群开设一个了解全球新闻的窗口。时代有美国主版、国际版，以及欧洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲版，是美国三大时事性周刊之一，内容广泛，对国际问题发表主张和对国际重大事件进行跟踪报道。文化拓展suspectThe laws I love, the lawyers I suspect. Charles

43、Churchill 西方人向来不乏对律师的揶揄之词。这句话译作“我热爱法律，但我怀疑律师。” 说到怀疑，我们很容易想到doubt，这里为什么用suspect呢？doubt和suspect有什么区别呢?suspect v 不用于进行时 vt & vi 猜想；怀疑 to believe that sth may happen or be true：The doctors suspected cancer.She strongly suspected he was lying to her.Shes not going to be very happy about this, I suspect.

44、vt 怀疑（某人有罪）to think that sb is probably guilty of a crime：suspect sb of (doing) sth:They suspect him of a theft. The policeman suspected him of killing the girl. 认为某事（尤为坏事）可能真实或可能发生，但尚无确切依据。词源解读：sus- (under 在下面) + spect (look, see 看) 从下往上打量着看 怀疑n C 嫌疑犯；可疑分子：question a suspect adj 不可信的；可疑的：a suspect

45、package suspect：to believe that sth bad may happen or may be true认为某事会发生，尚缺少依据。 The policeman suspected her of stealing the wallet.辨析 suspect，doubtdoubt：to think that sth may not be true or that it is unlikely不确定某事或者认为某事不可能。 I doubt if it will rain tomorrow.A JokeTeacher: Betty, you made so many mis

46、takes in your exercises, surely your mother will blame you!Betty: Blame me for them? Oh, no. On the contrary, she is to blame, because it was she that did my homework instead.vt 责备；把归咎于 to say or think that sb / sth is responsible for sth bad:Youve failed to do what you were expected to and Im afrai

47、d the teacher will blame you. blame sb / sth for (doing) sth:While we cant change the body type we are born with, we cant blame our genes for making us fat. Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. 广东blame blame sth on sb / sth:Police are bl

48、aming the accident on dangerous driving. 【常见搭配】be to blame (for sth)（对某事）负有责任：Its all my fault. Im to blame. Who is to blame for the fire? n U（对错误 / 坏事应负的）责任；责备 responsibility for a mistake or sth bad：take / bear the blame Where does the blame for our failure lie? Lots of people find it hard to get

49、up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. 2019全国同义异构：be responsible forhandle由“hand + le”构成，词源义与hand息息相关，其衍生义也与hand有关联。动词handle的词源义是 “(用手) 触；碰；拿”，可根据英语释义中的with hands来理解该释义。如何理解handle的基本义handle n C 柄；把手：Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. 2全国turn a door hand

50、lehandle v vt （用手）触；碰；拿 to touch or hold sth with your hand(s)：Wash your hands before you handle food. Fragile. Handle with care! handle 的词源义，根据 with your hand(s) 来理解 vt & vi 操纵；驾驭 to control a vehicle, an animal, etc.：Driving a car is not just handling controls and judgingspeed and distance. 福建Pric

51、ed at over $120,000, the car handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. 重庆改 vt 处理；应付 to deal with a situation, a person, etc.：We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely. 江苏书面表达表示“处理；解决”的表达有哪些？重点句型1one of the most feared diseases2become frustrated3attend to sb4lose desire to do

52、 sth5once and for all6in general7two contradictory theories最可怕的疾病之一变得沮丧照顾某人失去做某事的欲望一劳永逸一般说来两种截然不同的看法Important phrases (P2)8an infection from germs in food or water9subscribe to the second theory10in two particular streets11be determined to find out why12begin by marking the exact places13multiple de

53、aths near the water pump食物或水中细菌的感染赞同第二种看法在两条特别的街道上下决心找出原因从标记确切的位置开始水泵附近多人死亡Important phrases (P2)14suspect that the water pump is to blame15whats more / moreover16have it delivered to her house17as a result of the evidence18have the handle removed19raw waste怀疑是水泵造成的而且让人把它送到她家由于这个证据拆掉把手未经处理的废弃物Import

54、ant phrases (P2-P3)Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. until 引导 _ 从句， how 引导 _ 从句。时间状语宾语I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut.I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to

55、have a good look at the moon by myself. until 表示“直到为止”，主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，主句为肯定句；not until 表示“直到才”，主句的谓语动词为短暂性动词，主句为否定句。Important sentences (P2 P3) 在英国医生约翰斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 (Para. 1, Line 1) He didnt go to bed until he completed his homework. (对画线部分进行强调)not until 用于强调句型中要强调until后面的部分：需要把

56、until部分提前 还要把not一起提前 It wasnt until he completed his homework that he went to bed. It wasnt until that 句子的其余部分Important sentences (P2 P3)It wasnt until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (改为一般疑问句)Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?not until 用于一般疑问句型中强调句的一般疑问句形式：

57、Is / Was it 被强调部分 that 句子的其余部分Important sentences (P2 P3)1. The students didnt stop talking until the teacher came in.2. The sports meet will not be held until next week. _ _ next week _ the sports meet be held.Not until willnot until 用于倒装结构 Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talkin

58、g.Important sentences (P2 P3)1. 直到比赛开始他才来到。 He _ the game had begun. 2. 如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去看，或者我会一直等 到DVD版出来才看。 If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or I will _.3. 直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。(倒装) _ _ wait until it comes out on DVD didnt arrive untilNot until John went to co

59、llege did he realize the importance of time.即学即练Important sentences (P2 P3)2. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 (Para. 2, Line 5) so that 意为“如此以至于”，用来引导结果状语从句。3. It seemed that t

60、he woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水 运到家里来。 (Para. 3, Line 14) Important sentences (P2 P3)1. It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home.2. The question is so difficult that we can not work it out.3. It is