系统解剖学ppt课件附肢骨

1、The Bones of Limbs附 肢 骨 医学生学习网1目的和要求1. 掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列2The appendicular skeleton(附肢骨）the brief introduction Include the bones of upper limbs and lower limbs. Because of the erect standing ,the upper limbs are released from weight bearing and beco

2、me the organs of labour with greater and delicated mobility . so that the bones of upper limbs are lighter and smaller in shape and size. the bones of lower limbs are very heavy and strong.3Bones of upper limbs（上肢骨）Composition:Should girdle clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨Bones of free upper limb In arm Hume

3、rus 肱骨In forearm ulna尺骨 Radius 桡骨 In hand Carpal 腕骨 metacarpals 掌骨Phalanges 指骨4 Clavicle （锁骨）“S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backwardSternal end胸骨端 medially and acromial end肩峰端 laterally 5上面观下面观6 The weakest part of the clavicle is at the junction of the middle and later

4、al thirds 骨折部位7Scapula （肩胛骨） The scapula is a triangular flat bone onthe posterolateral of the thorax between the second and seventh ribs . Two surfaces:Anterior (or costal) surface: subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝Posterior (or dorsal) surface: spine of scapula 肩胛冈 supra- and infraspinous fossa 冈上/下窝 acromio

5、n 肩峰8Three borders:Superior border : (上缘） scapular notch 肩胛切迹 coracoid process 喙突Medial (vertebral) border 脊柱缘Lateral (axillary) border 腋缘9 Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals spaceLateral: glenoid cavity关节盂 supra- and infraglenoid tubercles 盂上、下结节

6、Three angles:SuperiorInferiorLateral101112 The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It has a body and two ends Upper end: head of humerus 肱骨头 anatomical neck 解剖颈 greater and lesser tubercles 大、小结节 surgical neck 外科颈(易骨折)The humerus（ 肱骨）13Shaft: 1.deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆on later

7、al surface 2.a sulcus for radial nerve桡神经沟 on posterior surface(肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕)14capitulum 肱骨小头Trochlea 肱骨滑车coronoid fossa 冠突窝radial fossa 桡窝 olecranon fossa 鹰嘴窝 lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁 sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟Lower end:15Radius ( 桡骨)Upper end: head of radius 桡骨头 neck of radius 桡骨颈

8、 radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆Shaft interosseous border 骨间缘Lower end: styloid process 桡骨茎突 ulnar notch 尺切迹 carpal articular surface 腕关节面16Fracture of the distal end of the radius 17Ulnar 尺骨Upper end: olecranon 鹰嘴 coronoid process 冠突 trochlear notch 滑车切迹 radial notch 桡切迹 ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆 Lower end : st

9、yloid process 尺骨茎突 head of ulna 尺骨头1819Carpal bones 腕骨(8) :(lateral to medial) 舟月三角豆;大小头状钩Metacarpal bones掌骨(5): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 head (distally) 头Phalanges of fingers 指骨(14): base (proximally) 底 shaft 体 trochlea of phalanx (distally) 滑车20Bones of Lower LimbComposition: Pelvic girdle: hip

10、 bone 髋骨Bones of free lower limb:in thigh Femur股骨 ( patella髌骨)in leg Tibia胫骨 and fibula腓骨in foot Tarsals跗骨, metatarsals 跖骨, phalanges of toes趾骨21three components: ilium 髂骨 Ischium 坐骨 pubis 耻骨Hip bone (髋骨)22 Ala of ilium 髂骨翼 iliac crest 髂嵴 anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘 anterior inferior iliac sp

11、ine 髂前下棘 tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节 posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘 posterior inferior iliac spine 髂后下棘greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹iliac fossa 髂窝arcuate line弓状线23 The ischium (坐骨)Body of ischium 坐骨体 to form posterior and inferior 2/5 of acetabulumischial spine坐骨棘lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹Ramus o

12、f ischium 坐骨支 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节24 Pubis (耻骨) Body of pubis 耻骨体to form anterior and inferior 1/5 of acetabulum, iliopubic eminence 髂耻隆起Superior ramus of pubis 耻骨上支: pecten of pubis 耻骨梳 pubic tubercle 耻骨结节 pubic crest 耻骨嵴 symphysial surface耻骨联合面Inferior ramus of pubis耻骨下支: obturator foramen 闭孔25

13、Acetabulum (髋臼)formed by bodies of ischium, ilium and pubis Lunate surface 月状面 acetabular fossa 髋臼窝 acetabular notch 髋臼切迹262728 The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body and consists of a shaft and two endsThe femur (股骨)29femoral head 股骨头fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹neck of femur 股骨颈（易骨折）g

14、reater trochanter 大转子lesser trochanter 小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴Upper end:30Fracture of the femoral neck31linea aspera 粗线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆pectineal line 耻骨肌线 popliteal surface 腘面 Shaft32medial condyles 内侧髁lateral condyles 外侧髁medial epicondyle 内上髁lateral epicond

15、yle 外上髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝patellar surface 髌面 Lower end33Tibia 胫骨Upper end: medial and lateral condyles 内外侧髁 intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起 fibular articular surface 腓关节面 tuberosity of tibia 胫骨粗隆 Shaft: interosseous border 骨间缘 soleal line 比目鱼肌线Lower end: fibular notch 腓切迹 medi

16、al malleolus 内踝34 Fibula (腓骨)Upper end: fibular head 腓骨头 neck of fibula 腓骨颈Shaft: interosseous border 骨间缘Lower end: lateral malleolus 外踝Patella 髌骨triangular sesamoid bone35腓骨颈骨折损伤腓神经引起的“马蹄内翻足”36Tarsal bones 跗骨（7） 距 跟 舟 三 楔 骰Metatarsal bones 跖骨（5）Phalanges of toes 趾骨（14）374.足骨：跟骨距骨足舟骨楔骨跖骨趾骨骰骨包括7块跗骨Tarsal B 、5块跖骨Metatarsal B、 和14块趾骨Phalanges of Toes 。38Question the cl