中考英语句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)课件

1、句子结构句子结构英语句子成分分析英语句子成分分析1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1. I met my best friend Tom at句子成分定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成分定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurr

2、y.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true. （名词） （代词） （数词）（不定式） （动名词） （名词化的形容词） （句子）主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane i谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语

3、由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词 prove

4、, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。4）感官系动词 补充：系动词1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 补充：系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）宾语分

5、为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接宾语直接宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my pass

6、port. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名词 ）( 代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）Show your passport, please. （名（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bough

7、t some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. （四）表

8、语在系动词后的部分就是表语 （六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please c

9、all me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness. （六）状语状语的功用：状语说定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just

10、now?定语后置：基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVIODO）例如：My mother bought me a new dress.我母亲给我买了一件新衣裳。 5）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Running makes us stro

11、ng. 跑步让我们健康。基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them. （六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. She asked me to lend her a hand.I

12、found the book interesting. 1.They are talking.( )2.Betty looks very beautiful.( )3.We call my pet Mimi.( )4.The children were playing happily( )5.Danny can swim.( )6.He has gone.( )7.The leaves is turning green.( )8.Your room should keep clean.( )1.They are talking.( )1.主 + 动（SV）常见的不及物动词:rise wait

13、sleep depend rain smile die walk dance 等.例句:The sun has risen . 太阳升起来了.2) The red sun has risen in the east. 鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了.3) The boy is smiling. 男孩在笑.4) The little boy is smiling happily. 这个小男孩在高兴地笑.1.主 + 动（SV）常见的不及物动词:2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也可以作表语.例句:The pretty girl looks happy .

14、 这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴.She become a scientist . 她成为一名科学家了.This book is about learning English .这本书是关于学英语的.2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短2.主 + 系 + 表（SVP）1) . 本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可.常见的系动词有:be , become , taste , get , grow , go , seem , look , feel 等.系表结构表示主语的身份性质状态等。例句:1) They are students . 他们是学生.2)The old men s

15、eem happy. 这些老人看起来很幸福.3) when spring comes, it gets warm. 当春天来时,天气会变暖.2.主 + 系 + 表（SVP）1) . 本句型中的系动词3. 主 + 动 + 宾（SVO) 常见的及物动词: love say take sell know call order draw 等.例句She is washing clothes.她在洗衣服.I saw a beautiful girl .我看见一个漂亮的女孩.Tom watches TV every evening .汤姆每天晚上看电视.She doesnt like her brothe

16、r .她不喜欢她哥哥.Speak English ,please.请讲英语Will you help me ?你会帮助我吗?Most of us enjoy English very much .我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语3. 主 + 动 + 宾（SVO) 常见的及物动词: lo1.They are talking.( )2.Betty looks very beautiful.( )3.We call my pet Mimi.( )4.The children were playing happily( )5.Danny can swim.( )6.He has gone.( )7.The

17、leaves is turning green.( )8.Your room should keep clean.( )1.They are talking.( )4.主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）常用的及物动词有:call, find, get, keep, feel, see, hear, listen to, look at, have, make, let 等.例句:We selected John our monitor .我们选约翰当我们的班长.The sun keeps us warm .太阳使我们感到温暖.He made the boy laugh .他使男孩笑了.He

18、 told me to come earlier.他让我早点来.The student keep their classroom clean .学生们保持教室干净.A cold kept him in bed for three days.一次感冒让他卧床三天.4.主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）常用的及物动词有:1.I didint like tigers.( )2.They haved already reached Beijing.( )3.I read my son a story every night.( )4.Danny sent his teacher some beau

19、tiful flowers.( )5.Jenny can sing the song.( )6.My father bought me a new bike yesterday.( )7.Are you reading newspapers?( )8.I am going home. ( )1.I didint like tigers.( )2) 一般情况下,间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但有时,间接宾语可置于直接宾语后,此时,间接宾语前要加to或for .例句: Mr Smith told me an interesting story .Mr Smith told an interesting

20、story to me .史密斯先生给我讲了一个有趣的故事.I bought her a beautiful skirt .I bought a beautiful skirt for her .我给她买了一件漂亮的裙子.2) 一般情况下,间接宾语位于直接宾语前,但有时,间接宾语可5.主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVIODO）常接双宾语的动词: give , show, tell, teach, pass, buy, lend1)英语中有些及物动词要求跟两个宾语(双宾语),即直接宾语和间接宾语.例句:My mother bought me a pen .我妈妈给我买了一支钢笔.The cl

21、erk asked me my address and telephone number .那位职员问我的地址和电话号码.Please pass him the book.请把那本书递给他.5.主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVIODO）常接双宾语There be 句型There be 句型 常接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词间宾前加to的动词有:sell , feed , bring , read , pass , teach , give , take , show , send , tell , write , find , throw 间宾前加for 的动词有: sing , m

22、ake , get , buy , choose , return , cook , pick , order , call, leave , hand 常接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词间宾前加There is a dog in the room.There are two dogs in the room.There is a dog There are two dThere is a picture on the wall.There is a bag behind the chair.There are many books on the desk.There are many p

23、eople in the hall.There +is /are+ 某物 /人+ 某地某地有某物或某人 “有,存在”There is a picture on the wall就近原则（3）如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致。如： There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 There are some books and a pen on the desk. 书桌上有一些书和一支钢笔。就近原则（3）如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词要和最靠 There be句型中的be动词要和后

24、面离得最近的主语在数上保持一致（1）如果句子的主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be动词就用is.如： There is a table in the room. 房间里有一张桌子。 There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。（2）如果句子的主语是复数名词时，be动词就用are。如： There are some pencils on the chair. 椅子上有一些铅笔 There be句型中的be动词要和后面离得最近的主语在数There is/are- 的一般疑问句 is/are要提前, some 变any,其他都不变There is

25、a radio on the desk.(一般疑问句) Is there a radio on the desk ?Yes, there is. / No, there isntThere are some shoes under the bed.（一般疑问句） Are there any shoes under the bed? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.There is/are- 的一般疑问句 is/areThere is/are- 的否定句is/are后加not, 肯定句中的some变anyThere is a beautiful flower

26、on the desk. There is not a beautiful flower on the table. There is some water in the bottle. There isnt any water in the bottle.There is/are- 的否定句is/are后加练习:下列句子分别属于哪一句型.A . 主语+系动词+表语(+状语)B . 主语+谓语(+状语) C .主语+谓语+宾语(+状语) D .主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语) E .主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)( )1.The flower smells sweet .( )

27、2.I visited my teacher last Sunday .( )3.They are dancing .( )4.Mrs. Black helped his son brush his teeth .练习:下列句子分别属于哪一句型.A . 主语+系动词+表语练习：用be的适当形式填空。 1. There _a map on the wall. 2. There _many things on her desk. 3. There _twenty yuan in my purse. 4. There _a big dog and a small cat near the table

28、. 5. There _two bikes under the tree. 6. There _a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box.中考英语句子结构和句子成分详细讲解、配套练习(44张)( )11.You should study hard .( )12.The children play football on the playground every afternoon.( )13.The weather is getting warmer and warmer .( )14.We painted the wall whit

29、e .( )15.He asked me to go swimming with him .( )11.You should study h( )5.Jenny bought a watch for him .( )6.His mother sent him a new watch .( )7.I often hear her sing in the next room ( )8.The girl opened the door .( )9.Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan .( )10.She looks like her mother .( )5.Jenny bo

30、ught a watHe feels disappointed. I love operas.She always tells me jokes. The children cried and shouted every day. The smiling faces of his children made him happy again. She is quiet and shy. My father bought me a useful dictionary.Mrs. Von Trapp died.She taught the children to sing lively songs a

31、nd perform short and funny plays to cheer them up. You may become unhappy sometimes. Read and find out the structures of the following sentences. S + VS + V + OS + V + PS + V + O +OCS + V + PS + V + IO + DOS + VS + V + IO + DOS + V + IO + DOS + V + PHe feels disappointed. Read an( )16.On Sunday many

32、 people have a walk in the park.( )17.Miss zhang has taught us maths for two years .( )18.Tom and John are the best students in our class.( )19.He did everything to help the poor .( )20.She asked me my telephone number .( )16.On Sunday many pe Study the following sentence structures. Then match them with the sentences in 4a. 4ba. S + V + IO + DO ( )b. There be ( )c. S + V ( )d. S + V + O ( )e. S + V + P ( )f. S +