高中英语真题：专题29阅读表达、阅读简答天津

1、专题29阅读表达、阅读简答（天津）【2017年高考命题预测】2009年，天津高考英语卷也采用了阅读表达这一题型。这种题 型以阅读理解为基础，要求考生在读懂文章的基础上，用规定的 词数简要地回答有关问题；考查考生的英语表达能力和概括能 力，比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考 生的综合语言运用能力的考查。所选用的阅读材料题材、文体 与传统的阅读理解短文没有太大的区别，多以故事和说明文为 主，长度一般为300词左右，结构清晰，通俗易懂。在问题设置上，阅读表达题一般设有五个小题 （每小题2分），阅 读简答题则一般设有三个小题（每小题2分）。在形式上，阅读表 达题相对丰富些，有填空和问

2、题简答等，而阅读简答题则主要以 问题简答为主。考查的方向基本上可分为四大类：一是词汇语义 类，要求考生从文中找到一个与所给生词或短语意义最接近的替 换词，考查学生联系上下文理解词义的能力；二是细节查找类，针 对文章某细节内容提问，要求考生用规定的词数回答问题；三是 主旨大意类，针对文章主旨提问，考查考生对文章中心思想或作 者态度、观点等的把握；四是考生个人观点类，问考生读完文章 后对文中故事或人物的看法。总之，这种题型将答题主观性与客观性相结合，突出思维的开 放性,给考生提供广阔的思维空间，能全面、客观地考查考生“读、写、思”等方面的能力。【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布从近几年的

3、天津高考阅读表达题来看，该题型的测试目的是从 多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书 面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性， 更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。其命题特点是：.阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别， 文章长度大致相同或比传统的阅读短文略短，总阅读量不会太 大（约 200300 词）。.生词量较大，有许多超“标”词汇，要求考生凭借上下文语境 及生活常识予以推测感知。.语篇意识和思维灵活性有所强化，文章的结构层次性更强。阅读表达题型具有多样性，概括起来一般采用以下 7种形式:问题类 型常见问题主旨概 括What sthe bes

4、t title of the pas sage?What is the purpose of the writ er writing this passage?What sthe main idea of the pa ssage/article?填空Please fill in the blank in the pa ssage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.翻译句 子Translate the underlined sente nce inthe paragraph into Chinese .同意句 替换Please f

5、ind out the sentence in the passage which can be repl aced by the following one.封闭性 问题Regular close-ended wh- questions based on the passa ge.开放性 问题What would you do if you ？What other suggestions would you give?How would you settle the probl em if you ？其他类型每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也 会结合问题的信息点在文章中

6、出现的顺序进行排列.其他类型的 题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计 的，与以上六种题型不同的问题类型.为了控制考生在该试题上 所花费的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数 的要求(翻译句子题除外).【考点pk名师考点透析高考题型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(withi n 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.( Please answer within 6words.)解题策略:整体理解，仔细推敲

7、，注意上下文的逻辑性，关注文中表示对比、转折、递进、并列、因果等关系的关联词；分析句子结 构,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空；把握作者的思路, 简练表达，切忌偏离主题、断章取义；放回原文中检查，确保上下 文连贯，语法正确。考点三、翻译句子该题型要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺 的汉语。高考题型:You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply解题策略:分析把握句子结构；遵循忠实通顺的原则，表达完整;注 意英汉语序的差异，译文要求符合

8、汉语表达习惯；翻译关键词；语 言简练。考点四、英文释义该题型要求根据所给的英文释义句子，在短文中寻找相同的句 子。此类试题较简单，相当于传统阅读理解中的转换理解，答案 较固定。一般出题方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the follo wing one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to th e following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results fro m our inability

9、sort out e-mails.解题策略:通过上下文，整体理解所给句子；分析所给句子的结 构、含义、实际用意；在文中找相同含义的句子；不能增加或减少,所找句子必须准确、完整。考点五、封闭型问题该题型要求学生结合文中某个问题进行解答。一般出题方式有 :Regular Wh-Questions based on thpassage. 例如:What advice is given in the last paragrap(within 10 words)( 2007年高考);List three activities thmight develop into addictions based o

10、n the text.(Please aswer within 8 words.)(2008 年高考) 解题策略:面对该类问题，学生可以结合文中的具体依据进行回 答，答案是固定的、唯一的。考点六、开放型问题该题型要求学生结合个人的观点、态度进 行表述。一般出题方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think.?Which of.do you think is the best fyou,why?解题策略:面对该类题型，学生可以依据自己的看法结合原文理 解作出回答，注意扬长避短，避难就易。考点七、其他题型除了上述较为常见的题型外，高考命题人员

11、还 有可能根据阅读理解文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序 也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）【三年高考】14、15、16年高考试题及其解析16年高考试题2016 天津春阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Im a 34yearold man, married, live in a nice house, and ha

12、ve a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an ea rly age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra h elp. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public school s.My life improved remarkably when I d

13、iscovered art. The art w orld gave me a chance to express myself without words. I we nt to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay（黏土). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I wa s in language, I could still be smart and well express myself wi th clay. And my con

14、fidence came along.I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it wasnt a talent thi ng; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of cl imbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learn ed that if you fal

15、l in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning h ow to read and write. Every day I practised reading and writin g, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard y ears, I was literate .Having gone thr

16、ough the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now Ive got to a point in my life wher e I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.What made the authors school days difficult? (No more t han 5 words)Why did art give the autho

17、r confidence? (No more than 1 0 words)What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph4? (No more than 5 words)How does the authors story inspire you to overcome diffi culties in life? Put it in your own words. (No mo

18、re than 20 wor ds)【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。虽然作者现在是一位成功的 教育顾问，但他从小就有学习障碍。他通过学习艺术、攀岩等 克服了困难。他也用那些方法去练习阅读和写作，结果获得了 成功。作者从自己的经历中认识到：只要自己下工夫，有决 心，就能克服困难。(His) learning disability.Or: Having a learning disability.Or: That he was learning disabled.Or: He had a learning disability.He could be smart and express himsel

19、f with clay.Or: Art could help him express himself without words.Or: He could well express himself with clay/art.If you enjoy something and keep doing it, you will get bett er at it.Or: The more you practise something, the better at it you will become.Or: Practice makes perfect.Or: Practice leads to

20、 success.I could read and write.We should not lose heart in the face of difficulties. If we w ork hard, we will find a way out.Or: The authors story tells me that I should be confident and practise hard to overcome difficulties in my life.Or: We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with cour age

21、 and determination.15年高考试题2015 天津春阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Geor gia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped servi ng the community.On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter

22、, noting the things we all should be thankful for 一good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most meas urements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.“Thanlyou for

23、 your nice words , “ he wrote in his letter b ack, “and know what you meant, but slowing down scares m e. Life isnt having it made; its getting it made.”“Thfinest and happiest years of our lives were not whe n all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had pas sed, and we had settled int

24、o a comfortable home. No. I go ba ck years ago, when we lived in a threeroom house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I sti ll cant figure outis why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I gues

25、s th e answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and provi ding for those we loved. What matters are not the great mome nts, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats.Its the journey, not the arrival, that counts. ”The letter ended with a personal request: Boyon my next

26、 birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I w 川 have one less year to do things 一 and there are ten million things waiting to be done. ”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said:Doedhe road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end. ” Today, at 96, my_grandfather_is_still_on

27、_that_long_road,_climbing.What was the authors grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his lett er? (no more than 10 words)What is the grandfathers view on life according to his lette r back? (no more than 10 words)How do you understan

28、d the underlined sentence in the las t paragraph? (no more than 10 words)Do you agree with the grandfathers view on life? Give rea sons in your own words. (no more than 20 words)细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theii suggested it was time for him to slow down. “ 可知答 案。The process is more important than the result.Or: A

29、 man should not slow down however old he is.Or: Life isnt having it made; its getting it made./Its the journe y, not the arrival, that counts.细节理解题。根据第三段的“ Lifent having it made ;its getting it made.” 和第四段的“ Itshe journey, not the arrival, that counts. ” 可知祖父认为过程 比结果重要。My/His/The grandfather is stil

30、l busy doing meaningful thin gs.Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.句意理解题。综合上文内容可知祖父一直在坚持做有意义的事 情。Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no ma tter how old he is.Or: People should make full use of their time to

31、 do something meaningful.No.It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an e asy life in their old age.Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life f or people in old age.观点态度题。可适当发挥，叙述合理即可。2014年高考试题2014 天津卷阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week

32、 she still dr ives to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille( 盲 文)to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts an d minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her time and talents to such enterprises for mo

33、re than 40 years.After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up .So she turned to teaching at a technical school and later mo ved into the library.Lows mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, Low re ad to her. Then “hearingan advertisement encouraging people to learn braill

34、e, I decided to give it a try. In 1973, she was ce rtified as a braille transcriber（ 转译者）and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.The job was strenuous 一 she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the las t line, and have to do the whole thing again. For a number o

35、f y ears, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading book s onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading（ 校 对）at the CNIBs word factory.In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to volunteers like Low, the CN IB library has got more th

36、an 80 , 000 accessible materials for people unable to read traditional print. I cant imagine how many readers of all ages have ben efited from Doris contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and h er high degree of accuracy in the hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread ove

37、r the years 一 and she is still doing so , said a CNIB official.“Fome, said Low, theCN旧 is more than just a place to v olunteer. Three things matter most in my life: a little play, a littl e work, a little love. Ive found them all here. ”What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? (no more t

38、han 10 words)Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)What does the underlined word“strenuous m ost probablymean ? (1 word)What are Lows contributions to the CNIB? (no more than15 words)What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more t han 20 words)【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了 Doris Low从年轻时就成

39、为一名志愿者为那些听力有问题的人读书，将书中的 内容转在磁带上，还作为转译者将普通的书译成布拉耶文(即盲 文)。现年她已经90岁了，依旧在做志愿工作。She helps transform literature into braille (for blind readers /the blind).根据第一段中的“where)he helps transform literature into braille ” 可知, Doris Low在90岁时依旧在帮忙把文学作品翻译成盲文。(Because) her mothers eyes began to fail and she heard an

40、/the advertisement. 根据第三段中的“Aher eyes began to fail, Low read to her ，hearings advertisement encouraging people to learn braille,I decided to give it a try. ”电ow学盲文是因为她母亲的视力下降，而且正好听到了一则鼓励人们学盲文的广告。Difficult/Hard/Tiring/Tough,根据画线单词后的内容“sheould get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line

41、, and have to do the whole thing again. ” 可知将书译成 守文是非常难的，故用 difficult/hard/tiring/though 等词汇。She has brailled and proofread hundreds of books, and read books onto tape.根据倒数第二段中的“thCN旧 recognized Low for her great contributions. ” 可知 contributions后面的内容都是Low作出的贡献。重点的贡献就 是throughier rich voice and her

42、high degree of accuracy in t he hundreds of books she has brailled and proofread ”各句 子进行整合就构成本题的答案。2013年高考试题【2013天津卷】阅读表达（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10 分）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, s itting in science class. I finished a worksheet early and picke d up a Time fo

43、r Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my ey e. NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover （火星探测器）.Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word fl ooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity.I couldn wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my e ssay. That afternoon, I

44、 raced home, sat down at the computer ,and typed until my fingers ached. Curiosityis an everlasting flame that burns in everyone mind ”Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immed iately, a wide smile spread across her face.On August 5, 2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity t

45、ouched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honore d to have a front-row seat in NASA.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the univ erse. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would s it together in

46、 the backyard for hours. She dtell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of mil es away from my home in , but the stars kept us together eve n when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn know about them. That what I love so muc h about spa

47、ce.People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars.My answer is simple because we recurious. We human being s do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wonderi ng and trying to find out what over the hill and beyond the h orizon.【文章大意】这篇文章介绍了作者为什么给火星探测器命名为 Curiosity :因为好奇才会进步、发展。

48、How did Clara get the news about the essay contest? (no more than 10 words)答案By reading a Time for Kids magazine. Or: From a Time for Kids magazine解析文章的第一段第二句话“I findshed a worksheet early and picked up a Time for Kids magazine”明确指明了来源。对学生来说就是语言的组织问题 了。题干中的the news暗示了答案可能出现的位置，又因为 后面是谈论竞赛的内容，所以我们知道答

49、案应该出现在前面那 句话中。考点定位考查对文章的细节理解能力。一般根据题干中的关 键信息去定位答案，然后根据文章的意思就能很快的找到答 案。Why did Clara have a frontrow seat in NASA? (no more than 10 words)答案She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity Or: . aCuriosity was chosen as the n ame of the Mars rover.解析题干中的关键信息“a front-row

50、 seat in NASA告诉我们答 案可能在第四段，第四段中有一个 thever named Curiosity 再结合第二段中的“ Curidty is an”的句子，我们就能得出正 确答案了。考点定位考查细节理解能力。一般根据题干中的关键信息去 定位答案，然后根据文章的意思就能很快的找到答案。What does Clara remember about the time spent with Gra ndma? (no more than 15 words)答案She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about sta

51、rs. Or: Hergrandma told her stories about stars. Or: They sat together t alking about stars.解析关键信息“ theme spent with Grandma说明答案应该出 现在倒数第2段：I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit tog ether in the backyard for hours. She d tell me stories and poin t out the stars.学生在组织语言的时候要把人物和事

52、件都概括 进来。考点定位考查细节理解能力。学生在组织语言时必须把人物 和事件概括好。What does the underlined phrase“holaip mean? (1 word)答案Stay/Remain/Live/Hide考点定位考查推测生词的能力。一定要把握好语境，有时要 考虑搭配。In your opinion, why is curiosity important? (no more than 20 words)答案Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inve ntions. Or: With cu

53、riosity, we keep asking questions and explo ring the world unknown. Or: Curiosity drives us through our liv es so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.解析这是一个开放性的问题，理解了原文之后，就比较容易 回答了。但是，回答时一定不要偏离了文章的中心。文章多次 提到curiosity或curious ,我们要对除了专有名词之外的地方 进行概括提炼，揣摩作者的意思。考点定位考查学生概括能力

54、和组织语言能力。对出现关键词 的对方要进行归纳总结，在揣摩了作者的意图之后，组织语i=r o2012年高考试题2012 天津春阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a swimming champion. Like many youn g athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The di

55、sappointment didnt stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested i n marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was wellconditio ned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a longdi stance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, d

56、anger, cold, and exhaustio n.For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the w orlds best longdistance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a tenm ile marathon in , setting the womens record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from a n island in the Bahamas to the

57、 coast of . Then she broke a thi rd record when swimming around in 1975.Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own

58、health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and stron g desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was ju st as important as reaching . That is how she defined success .It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed s he had touched the other shore.When

59、 Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things 一travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving pub lic speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire other s, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the O

60、lympic Ga mes ? (No more than 5 words)What does the underlined word a obstacles mean ?(1 word)What achievement did Nyad make in 1970?(No more than 10 words)Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other sh ore ? (No more than 10 words)Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad.(No more t han 2