《英语国家概况》AmericanSocialServices课件

1、1Social Services(US)1Social Services(US)Objectives Have a general knowledge about the social security in the United States Be informed of public welfare programs in the United States Be acquainted with charitable voluntary organizations in the United States Understand the health care services in the

2、 United States Be familiar with the housing issues in the United States2Objectives Have a general knowContents3II. Voluntary servicesI. Public social servicesIV. Housing III. Health care services Contents3II. Voluntary serviceTwo Opposite TraditionsIndividualism and IndepedenceFrontier Spirit and Se

3、lf-reliant frontiersmanLaissez faire（自由放任）: An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws. Two Opposite TraditionsIndividInterdependencePioneer community

4、（开拓者社区）: mutual dependenceInterdependent and caring communityInterdependenceTwo Kinds of social servicesContributory social security system（贡献性社会保障制度）Welfare system（福利制度）Background of Social Services：Great Depression in the 1930s and the Social Security Act in 1935I.Public Social ServicesTwo Kinds o

5、f social servicesCoThe basic foundations of the social welfare system were laid down during the administration Franklin D Roosevelt during the the Great Depression of the 1930s . The most important legislation was the Social Security Act (社会保险法）.The basic foundations of the sSocial Security ActSocia

6、l Insurance a. Old-Age and Diability Insurance b. Medicare c. Unemployment Compensation 2. Welfare problems a. AFDC b. SSI c. General assistance d. “In kind” BenefitSocial Security ActSocial Ins1.Social Security Coverage of social security systemthe old age, survivors, disability, and health insuran

7、ce programMedicare（医疗保险制度/老年医疗保健制度）Unemployment compensationFinancial sourcetax paid by both employers and unions tax paid by workers1.Social Security Coverage of Old-Age Benefit for the retired 老年退休福利Managed by the federal government directly 由联邦政府直接管理Begin from 65 years old 从65岁开始可以退休并获得退休金In 1983

8、, age was raised to 66 by 2009 and to 67 by 2027 1983年，政府把退休年龄从2009年起改为66岁，2027年起改为67岁。Old-Age Benefit for the retireMedicare医疗保险Medicare is the national health insurance program for people over 65 year old .The program provides hospital and medical insurance for people over the age 65 and people un

9、der 65 with disability.The fund for Medicare comes from social security fund, monthly payments from participants and general revenues of the federal government.Medicare医疗保险Medicare is the naUnemployment Compensation失业补偿 It provides a safety net for a large number of people against economic disasters

10、.Unemployment Compensation失业补偿2.Welfare ProgrammeNature: Aid to the needy and the poorTypesfinancial assistance job trainingrehabilitation（康复）health carehousingfood stamps(食物券）2.Welfare ProgrammeNature: AidMain federal welfare programs Medicaid（公共医疗补助制度）AFDC / 抚养未成年子女家庭补助)Food stamp（食物劵）：A stamp or

11、coupon, issued by the government to persons with low incomes, that can be redeemed for food at stores.General Assistance（一般救助 ）Supplementary Security Income (SSI)(补充保障收入）Main federal welfare programs AFDC AFDC is financed by both national and state governments, but administrated by state and local g

12、overnments. Eligibility standards and payment amounts are set by the states which vary greatly from state to states. AFDC was originally to provide financial assistance to poor children whose fathers had died.AFDC是由国家和州政府财政上支持，但由州和地方政府管理的。资格标准和付款数额由州来定，不同州都不同。AFDC最初是提供财政援助给那些父亲去世的孩子的。 AFDC AFDC is f

13、inanced by bToday, however, about 90% of the AFDC payments have gone to single-parent families in which the living father is divorced, separated from or has never married the mother. A single-parent family headed by the father can also qualify for the aid.然而今天，90% AFDC的钱支付给那些父母离婚、分居或从未结婚的单亲家庭。一个由父亲支

14、撑的单亲家庭也可以申请援助。Today, however, about 90% of tAFDC在美国是最昂贵也最具争议性的项目。批评者称，AFDC已经引起了许多社会问题。最重要的批评是，它鼓励青年不工作、未婚妇女怀孕，或导致婚姻破裂。有些人有意识地不结婚，以便申请AFDC援助.AFDC is the most costly and most controversial program in the United States. Critics claim that AFDC has caused a lot of social problems. The most important cri

15、ticism is that it encourages young, non-working, and unmarried women to get pregnant, or causes marriages to break up. Some people consciously avoid marriage in order to qualify for AFDC payments.AFDC在美国是最昂贵也最具争议性的项目。批评者称，AFDCSource of the Cost of welfare programs: shared by federal, state and local

16、 governmentsDifference in welfare programs between states: many in the northern states, but fewer in the southern states.Source of the Cost of welfare II.Voluntary ServicesNature of voluntary serviceProvide help to people in need of assistanceNon-governmental and non-profit makingKinds of voluntary

17、organizations in terms of the number of servicesSingle-issue-oriented voluntary organizationsDiversified-service-oriented organizationsII.Voluntary ServicesNature ofKinds of voluntary services in terms of the nature of organizationsReligious organizations: Covenant Houses （圣约家园）Private foundations (

18、charity organizations): the Rockefeller Foundation（洛克菲勒基金）, the Ford Foundation（福特基金）, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation（盖茨夫妇基金）Unpaid volunteersKinds of voluntary services in2.3_1Health insurance coverageCompanies and trade unions may also be involved in insurance schemes as part of efforts to pr

19、otect employees or union members against the cost of health treatment and loss of income in case workers fall ill.1. Private sectorIII. Health Care Services2.3_1Health insurance coverage2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare (医疗保险) is a social insurance program administered by the United States government,

20、providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over; to those who are under 65 and are permanently physically disabled or who have a congenital physical disability; or to those who meet other special criteria. Medicaid (医疗保健) is the United States health program for people and fami

21、lies with low incomes and resources. 2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare2.3_2Medicare expenditure by states2. Public sector 2.3_2Medicare expenditure by sIV. HousingPercentage of house-owndership: 70%Significance: a sense of possession, material satisfaction, personal identity, individual lifestyleSocial

22、 and cultural implications of home-ownership: symbol of social and economic mobility; part of American DreamIV. HousingPercentage of houseWays to buy a house: borrow money from a bank with mortgageProblems with housing: foreclosure（丧失赎回抵押权）Kinds of housingHouse: single-family dwelling（单门独户别墅式，木式，不超过

23、三层，外涂有油漆）apartment complex / condominium（公寓大楼）Ways to buy a house: borrow mo1. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT _. A. OASDHI B. Medicare C. Medicaid D. Unemployment Compensation 3_2.11. The American social securit2. Americans may start receiving their pensio

24、ns at the age of _. A. 55 B. 60 C. 65 D. 70 3_2.22. Americans may start receivi3. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT _. A. Medicaid B. AFDC C. Food Stamps D. Medicare3_2.33. The main federal welfare pr4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization? A. NCH. B. CWLA. C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation. 3_2.44. Which of the following belo5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity? A. Rockefeller Foundation. B. Ford Foundation. C. Buffett Foundation. D. Bill & Meli