20186月大学英语六级真题、译文和详细解析汇报仔细阅读卷二

1、实用文档2018年 6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer S

2、heet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty yearsago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent reportby the Census Bureau,

3、 which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed andincomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the s s measureare that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-prov

4、idedhealth insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if preciselymeasured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, suchas the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article byCha

5、rles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure ofeconomic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensivethan average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per personbut also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequali

6、ty. Moreover, it can beused to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Supposewe want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consum

7、ption per person in France was only 60%as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better offthan the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors:leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longervacations and r

8、etire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher lifeexpectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle,and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed therethan in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing

9、 Frances consumption withthe U.S.s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. Forexample, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S.levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow

10、measure can also assess an economys performance over time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest实用文档economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. hascontinued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly

11、.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economicwelfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle otherimportant quality-of life changes could be incorporatedfor example, decreases intotal emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rate

12、s.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗？该报告发现，2015年的家庭平均收入增长了 5.2%。不幸的是，这一结论过于强它不包括税收、转账和补偿，如雇主提供的健康保险；它基决定因素排除在外，如赚取收入所需的工作时间。在思考这个问题的时候，我们看到了查尔斯琼斯和彼得克勒诺最近发表与国之间的经济业绩，也可以用于评估某个国家在某个时间段的经济业绩。琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法可以通过一个跨国案例加以说明。假设我们想将2005年美国和法国公民的经济福祉进行对比。2005 60%其他相关因素：闲暇时间、预期寿命和经济不平等。法国人休假时间更长，退休更均衡一些。由于这些差异，60%这

13、一比较数据夸大了两国在经济福祉方面的差距。类似的计算也可以用来比较美国和其他国家。例如，这种计算将英国的经济福祉水平定为美国的 97%，而墨西哥人的福利水平约为美国的 22%。琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量标准也可以用来评估某个国家在某个时间段的经 2007量的减少和犯罪率的降低。判断题，因此有一定难度。Jones-Klenowmethod全面更灵活。实用文档【试题详解】46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau?A) It is based on questionable statistics.B) I

14、t reflects the economic changes.C) It evidences the improved welfare.D) It provides much food for thought.【题干译文】作者是如何看待美国人口普查局 2015年的报告？【选项译文】A. 它基于有问题的统计数据。B. 它反映了经济变化。C. 它证明了福利的改善。D. 它提供了许多值得思考的事情。 2015以及 Census Bureau头或靠前的位置。【答案详解】答案是A。第二自然段第二句话“Unfortunately, that conclusion putstoo much weight

15、on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. ”意思是：不幸的是，这一结论过于强调统计数据，而该数据虽有效，但有缺陷和不完整。该数据有缺陷且不完整，自然是有问题的数据。【干扰分析】本题为细节题，定位信息明确，其它选项干扰性较小。47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method?A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries.B) It revolutionizes the way o

16、f measuring ordinary peopled livelihood.C) It focuses on peoples consumption rather than their average income.D) It is a more comprehensive measure of s economic well-being.【题干译文】作者对琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法有什么看法？A. B. 它彻底改变了衡量普通C. D. 它是衡量人们经济福祉的更全面的指标。【定位信息】将题干中人名JonesKlenow作为向导词，结合顺序法，定位到第三自然段。【答案详解】答案是 。第三自然段第

17、二句话“While by no means perfect, it isconsiderably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not onlygrowth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy,and inequality.”意思是：它谈不上完美，但比平均收入作为唯一衡量指标要全面不平等等因素。很明显，作者在此发表自己对琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法的看法；虽不完美，但更全面。【干扰分析】本题为观点

18、态度题，需要将第三自然段第二句话充分理解。48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U.S.in terms of real consumption per person?A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies.B) It neglected many important indicators of peoples welfare.C) It covered up the differences be

19、tween individual citizens.D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.实用文档A. B. 它忽视了许多重C. D. 它没有将自然资源方面的差异计算在内。【定位信息】将题干中 comparison between France and the U.S.以及 realconsumption per person作为向导词，结合顺序法，定位到第四、五自然段，这两个自然段主要讲美、法两国在真实人均消费方面的比较。 BHowever, that comparison omits otherrele

20、vant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality.”意思是：然B选项中 neglected和 important indicators分别与该句中 omits和 relevant factors对应。【干扰分析】本题为观点态度题。A选项明显与文章主旨不符，而 D选项中美、C选项有很大B应关系。49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?A) It can accurately pinpoint a s current economic proble

21、ms.B) It can help to raise peoples awareness of their economic well-being.C) It can diagnose the causes of a s slowing pace of economicimprovement.D) It can compare a countrys economic conditions between different periodsof time.【题干译文】琼斯和克勒诺提出的方法有什么优势？A. B. 它有助于提高人们对经济福祉的认识。C. 它可以诊断出一个国家经济发展速度放缓的原因。

22、D. 它可以比较一个国家在不同时期的经济状况。【定位信息】将题干中 Jones-Klenow method作为向导词，结合顺序法，定位到第七自然段。 DThe Jones-Klenow measure can alsoassess an economys performance over time.”意思是：琼斯和克勒诺提出的衡量间段的经济业绩，显然是该方法的一个优势。小。50. What can we infer from the passage about American s economicwell-being?A) It is much better than that of the

23、ir European counterparts.B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century.实用文档C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau.D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s.【题干译文】下列有关美国人民的经济福祉方面的推断正确的是哪一个？A. B. 自从世纪之交以来，美国的经济福祉一直在走下坡路。C. 美国的经济福祉改善

24、情况与美国人口普查局的报告有出入。D. 自本世纪中期以来，美国的经济福祉一致没有得到准确的评估和报告。【定位信息】将题干中 American以及 economic well-being作为向导词，结合顺章结尾或靠后的位置。【答案详解】答案是C。根据第七自然段最后三句话，我们可以得知：本世纪初到本世纪中期，美国的经济福祉比其它大国都要好。自 2007 年以来，美国的经改善的速度明显放缓，这明显与美国人口普查局的报告有出入。【干扰分析】本题为推理判断题，需要通篇考虑。A 选项中 much better 与实际程度不符，B选项与美国经济福祉持续改善的事实不符。D选项有一定的迷惑度，但 since m

25、id-2000s与文中的实际时间不符。Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were ” or found yourselfscratching your head at a colleagues agony over a decision when the answer iscrystal-clear，theres a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-maki

26、ng abilitiescan become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, butchoosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesnt suffer the samepitfalls.The problem is “decision fatigue,” a psychological phenomenon that on thequality of your choices after a long

27、day of decision making, says Evan Polman, aleading psychologist.Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likelyto prescribe antibiotics to patients when ts unwise to do . Presumably s becauseits simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case c

28、losed ratherthan investigate ” Polman says.But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices asbelonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts tomake those choi

29、ces. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker,one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue, he says.“s as if theres something fun and liberating about making someone elses choice.”Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, ito

30、ften also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good,says Polman. “When people experience decision fatiguewhen they are tired of实用文档making choicesthey have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo he says. But the status quo can be problematic, since a change

31、 in the course of actioncan sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almostalways essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose todo nothing over something,”he says.“Thats not to s

32、ay that risk is always good, butit is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and thepossible of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new coursebut is unfortunately hindered.”Just because you can make good choices for others doesn t mean youll do thesa

33、me for yourself, Polman cautions.“Research has found that women negotiate highersalaries for others than they do for , he says, adding that people slip in andout of decision roles.全文翻译及命题分析代表他人做出选择则不会落入同样的陷阱，从而是一项令人愉快的任务。是一种在漫长的一天决策之后我们的决策质量出现下滑的一种现象。例如，那些连续工作了几个小时的医生更倾向于给病人开抗生素，尽管这样然而，为他人做决定时则不会遭遇决

34、策疲劳。当人们把自己想象成顾问，而们经历决策疲劳也就是他们厌倦了做出选择的时候他们会倾向于维持你能为别人出好注意，并不意味着你也会为自己做出好的选择。他告诫道：们总是反复于决策者和被决策者这两个角色之中。借助顺序法定位，好在定位难度都不大。实用文档解释了“旁观者清，当局者迷”背后的原因。【试题详解】51. What does the author say about people making decisions?A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.B) They are more c

35、autious in making decisions for others than for themselves.C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.【题干译文】作者对人们做出决策的看法是什么？A. B. 他们在给别人做决定时比为自己做决定时更加谨慎。C. 他们倾向于以他们认为对他们有利的方式做出决定。D. 他们在决策能力上表现出很大的差异。

36、【定位信息】本题题干中缺乏明显的向导词，making decisions 是主题词，散落为本阅读文章的第一题，阅读点一般在文章开头或靠前的位置。【答案详解】答案是 AOur own decision-makingabilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poorchoices.”意思是：我们自己的决策能力会在一天中被消耗殆尽，导致优柔寡断力竭。【干扰分析】本题为细节题，A 选项中 exhausted 与对应的阅读点中 depleted 意义相关。其他几个选项迷惑性较小。52. W

37、hat does the example about the physicians illustrate?A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients health.C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision

38、fatigue.【题干译文】医生的例子说明了什么？A. B. 抗生素处方可能对C. D. 医生尤其容易受到决策疲劳的影响。【定位信息】题干中 example以及 physicians可作为向导词，结合顺序法，定位到第三自然段。 CPhysicians who have been onthe job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics topatients when its unwise to do so.”意思是：例如，那些连续工作了几个小时的例子，证明了决策疲劳可能会阻碍人们做出明智

39、的决定。迷惑性也较小。53. When do people feel less decision fatigue?实用文档A) When they take decision shortcuts.B) When they help others to make decisions.C) When they have major decisions to make.D) When they have advisers to turn to.【题干译文】人们在什么时候不太容易感到决策疲劳？【选项译文】A. 当他们考走捷径作出决定时。B. 当他们帮助别人做决定时。C. 当他们做出重大决定时。D. 当他们有求助的顾问时。【定位信息】题干中缺乏明显的向导词，decision fatigue也是主题词，散落于文章各个地方，因此不适合作定位用的向导词。只有利用顺序法定位，前面的 52题在文中对应的阅读点在第三自然段，本题的阅读点在 53 题的阅读点也就是第三自然段第一句话之后的部分。结合选项，可以定位到第四自然段的第一句话。 But decision fatigue goes awaywhen you are making the decision