2012届高考英语书面表达专题指导与练习讲评（图表式作文）专题指导（ 2013高考）

1、2021届高考英语书面表达专题指导与练习讲评系列本系列资料简介专题一 2021届高考英语书面表达图画式作文专题指导与练习讲评专题二 2021届高考英语书面表达文字提纲式作文专题指导与练习讲评专题三 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文专题指导与练习讲评专题四 2021届高考英语书面表达开放式作文专题指导与练习讲评专题三2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文专题指导与练习讲评目录一、2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文专题指导 含课件和文字稿二、2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文练习讲评 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文练习讲评一 含课件和文字稿 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文练习讲评

2、二 含课件和文字稿 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文练习讲评三 含课件和文字稿 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文练习讲评四 含课件和文字稿 2021届高考英语书面表达图表式作文专题指导图表式作文是通过提供的一组或几组数据来反映某个趋势或某一问题、现象。要求考生对图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论，并得出符合逻辑的结论。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程。常见的图表式作文命题形式1.数据图表data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格，反映多种事物的相互关系。如：2.饼状图pie chart两种形式表示各事物

3、在总体中所占的比例及相互关系。如：3.柱形图bar chart用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系。如：4.趋势曲线图curve diagram用来表示事物的变化趋势。如：5.混合式 既有柱形图又有饼状图或表格或曲线图等。如：图表类作文的写作步骤图表类作文的审题与其他类型的作文相比难度较大，主要表现在考生不易准确、全面地把握图表显示的信息。因此要通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点；通过审题确立表达时所要用的时态：特定时间用过去时；经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。第一步、审题做图表式类书面表达时，常采用三段式的谋篇方式：Para 1 概述图表所反映的信息；Para 2 分

4、析的现象产生的原因或根据题中所提供的原因进行表达；Para 3 展望未来或提出解决问题的方法、建议或希望。第二步：谋篇1.概述图表所反映的信息时要注意就图表中那些最有代表性、规律性的数字，或变化大的数字进行重点阐述。尽量防止简单罗列数据，报流水账；2.善于抓住总的规律、趋势对所现象产生的原因利用合理想象来进行分析或是据题中所提供的原因进行表达。如利用数据进行有力的论证；3.展望未来或提出解决问题的方法、建议或希望时要紧紧围绕主题去展开。切忌游离主题而任意发挥；4.适当运用高级词汇并灵活运用图表类写作常用的经典句型这一点要靠考生的平时的积累。第三步：表达图表式作文的描述方法第一种情况：横向比照。

5、描述这种图表需要比照各数据间的差异，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。常用句型：A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department.The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.The income from sales is 10 million，making the company the highest one in sales.The As income

6、reaches 20 million，which is in the middle of the list.第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。描述这样的图表时，可用以下词汇和句型：The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.The trend/increase slowed down in May.The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January

7、. (开始走强)Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained.It picked up speed at the end of this year.常用词汇及表达法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial(实质性的)increase，a minor/slight/dramat

8、ic drop。第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。表示百分比常用句型：It accounts for 30% of the total population.There are 4 members with masters degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital.表示增长率的常用句型：The figure of income increased by about

9、 200% as compared with ten years ago.The number of students has reached 200, indicating a rise of 4%,compared to last year.图表式作文的写作本卷须知1. 以题目中的要求为指导，审慎解读图表，准确把握图表传递的 信息。2. 表格图形要求对大量数字进行分析，找出其变化规律。3. 曲线图形要求观察曲线变化规律，一般找出它开展的几个点 如最高点和最低点，以此说明问题。4. 柱形图要注意柱形的高度，并由此判断事物的动态开展趋势。5. 饼图应弄清局部与整体、局部与局部之间的相互关系。这

10、种关 系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。6. 对所给出的所有数据信息切忌逐一表达，以防主次不分或重点 不突出。 如何写好这种类型的书面表达，本课件结合两个实例做些具体 的指导。实例一2021届江苏省石庄高级中学学情调研测试假设你是李华，最近你们学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中的某两个数据中反映的情况写出你的个人看法。标题和开头局部已给出不计入总字数内，字数150左右。After-school activities in our school Recently, I have done a survey about the d

11、aily average amount of time thestudents in my school spend on different after-school activities.本篇书面表达是根据2004年北京高考卷书面表达改编而来的。题目中既有柱形图又有饼状图，因此在描述图表所反映的内容时，既要注意柱形图的柱形的高度，并由此判断事物的动态开展趋势，又要注意弄清饼状图中局部与整体、局部与局部之间的相互关系。且要注意饼状图的只要我们描述其中的两个数据，不要面面俱到。整个表达只需要包括以下内容：图表1 中五项活动及所用时间；图表2 中某两个数据所反映的情况，从而得出某种结论以及个人的

12、看法。表达中所用的时态为一般现在时。总体分析写作指导第一步 审题通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点：图表11.每天做作业96分钟2.每天看电视72分钟3.每天听音乐36分钟4.每天用电脑24分钟5.每天体育锻炼12分钟图表2选取两个数据6.花30%的课余时间看电视7.锻炼身体只占用了课余时间的5%8.结论9.自己的看法第二步 谋篇Para 1 概述图表所反映的信息：试题已经给出。Recently, I have done a survey about the daily average amount of time the students in my school spend

13、 on different after-school activities.Para 2 分析的现象产生的原因或根据题中所提供的原因进行表达。这是本篇书面表达的重点，共有8个要点需要表达。Para 3自己的看法。第三步 表达变点为句注意多重表达1.我们学校的学生每天花96分钟做作业。The students in our school spend 96 minutes every day in doing homework/on homework.The students in our school put most of their time 96 minutesinto their hom

14、ework.2.看电视占用了72分钟。It takes them 72 minutes to watch TV.Watching TV takes up/occupies 72 minutes.3.听音乐36分钟They spend 36 minutes listening to music.Listening to music takes up 36 minutes .4.用电脑24分钟24 minutes is spent working on the computer .They spend 24 minutes working on the computer .5.体育锻炼12分钟It

15、 takes them only 12 minutes to take part in sports activities.They spend only 12 minutes on sports activities.6.花30%的课余时间看电视They spend 30 percent of the time on TV.It takes them 30 percent of the time to watch TV.7.锻炼身体只占用了课余时间的5%They only spend 5% of their spare time on sports.Doing exercises takes

16、 up/occupies only 5% of the spare time.8.结论：从选取的两个典型数据看，我们不难得出结论。即：课余时间许多学生喜欢看电视而不喜欢参加体育锻炼。由此带来的后果是什么呢？我们也不难推断：导致学生体质的下降。课余时间许多学生喜欢看电视而不喜欢参加体育锻炼。 It is obvious that many students prefer to watch TV rather than do sports after school. From the fact, we can come to a conclusion that many students pref

17、er watching TV to doing sports after school. From the fact, we can draw a conclusion that many students would rather watch TV than do sports after school.导致学生体质的下降。It leads to the decline of physical quality of students.As a result, the students physical quality has been declining.如果表达“导致学生体质的下降有难度，

18、我们干脆做如下表达，也可以起到同样表达效果。It is good for their health.9.自己的看法：围绕结论谈自己的看法：鉴于学生参加体育锻炼时间太少，建议学校鼓励学生充分利用课余时间参加体育活动来锻炼身体，以便有充足的精力学习。Considering the fact that the students spend little time on sports, I suggest that our school should encourage the students to make full use of their free time to do more sports

19、 to build up their bodies. Only in this way can they have enough energy to study better.Considering the fact that the students spend little time on sports, I hold the view that our school should encourage the students to make good use of their free time to do more sports. Only in this way can they b

20、e healthier and more energetic to work.连句成篇的关键是将第二段相关要点的表达进行合并加过渡词、改变表达句式等。以下是一位考生的考场习作：Recently, I have done a survey about the daily average amount of time the students in my school spend on different after-school activities.From Chart 1, we can learn that the students in our school spend 96 minut

21、es in doing homework. Watching TV takes up 72 minutes. They spend 36 minutes listening to music. 24 minutes is spent on the computer. They only spend 12 minutes on sports. From Chart 2 we can see that the students only spend 5% of their spare time on sports and they spend 30 percentage of their spar

22、e time on TV. I think they spend too much time on TV and too little time on sports. Thats not good for their healthy. I think the students should do more sports in their free time to build up their body. 连句成篇习作存在的问题主要是：字数明显不达标；段落的划分不合理；表达的句式很单调，过渡不自然，犹如记流水账。现修改如下，请你体会一下其中的奥秘。From Chart 1, we can lea

23、rn that the students in our school spend most of their spare time96 minutesin doing their homework. Followed by it is watching TV, which takes up 72 minutes. They spend 36 minutes listening to music and 24 minutes is spent on the computer. However, it takes them only 12 minutes on to take part in sp

24、orts activities. As is shown in Chart 2, the students only spend 5% of their spare time on sports while they spend 30 percent of the time on TV. From the fact we can draw a conclusion that many students would rather watch TV than do sports after school. I think it is not good for their health.Consid

25、ering the fact that many spend too little time doing sports, I think the students should do more sports in their free time to build up their body so that they can be healthier and more energetic to work.参考范文Recently, I have done a survey about the daily average amount of time the students in my scho

26、ol spend on different after-school activities.From Chart 1, we can learn that the students in our school put most of their time 96 minutesinto their homework and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 72 minutes. They spend 36 minutes listening to music and 24 minutes is spent working on the co

27、mputer. However, it takes them only 12 minutes to take part in sports activities. As is shown in Chart 2, the students only spend 5% of their spare time on sports while they spend 30 percent of the time on TV. It is obvious that many students prefer to watch TV rather than do sports after school, wh

28、ich leads to the decline of physical quality of students. Considering the fact that the students spend little time on sports, I suggest that our school should encourage the students to make full use of their free time to do more sports. Only in this way can they be healthier and more energetic to st

29、udy.实例二网络资源假设你叫李华，受某报社的委托，对你校高中三个年级学生的近视情况做了个调查。请你根据以下图三个年级各一个班的抽样调查信息，写一篇文章，介绍相关数据，分析其原因，并提出你的建议至少两点。注意：1.开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2.字数： 150左右。Recently, a sample survey was carried out in one class of each grade in our school about how serious the problem of short eyesight is in Senior students. The results a

30、re more than worrying. 本篇书面表达是趋势曲线图式的图表作文，它用来表示事物的变化趋势。该书面表达的写作要注意纵向说明，指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，得出结论，分析其原因，并提出你的建议。总体分析第一步 审题通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点：图表1.高一年级有15人近视，占比25%2.高二年级有30人近视，占比50%3.高三年级有60人近视，占比70%4.造成这种状况的原因5.提出建议第二步 谋篇Para 1 概述图表所反映的信息：试题已经给出。Recently, a sample survey was carried out in

31、 one class of each grade in our school about how serious the problem of short eyesight is in Senior students. The results are more than worrying.Para 2 介绍相关数据，得出结论后分析其原因。这是本篇书面表达的重点，共有3个数据要表达。造成这种状况的原因要自己挖掘，特别高三学生近视严重问题进行表达。1.高一年级有15人近视，占比25%2.高二年级有30人近视，占比50%3.高三年级有60人近视，占比70%4.造成这种状况的原因：从学习和学生自身找原

32、因。如：面临学习的压力，没有时间锻炼学生对保护视力重视不够，利用每天做眼保健操时间做作业。5.提出建议至少两点：围绕原因分析拟建议。 如：充分认识保护视力的重要性，注意用眼的正确方法；每天做眼保健操来保护眼睛。Para 3 自己的建议。第三步 表达变点为句注意多重表达1.高一年级有15人近视，占比25%。15 students, making up about 25% of them in Senior One are suffering from short-eyesightAbout 25% of the students in Senior One are suffering from

33、short-eyesight.2.高二年级有30人近视，占比50%。30 students, making up 50% of them in Senior Two are near-sighted.About 50% of the students in Senior Two are near-sighted.The number of the near-sighted students in Senior Two climbed to 50%.3.高三年级有60人近视，占比70%。 60 students, making up 70% of them in Senior Three are

34、 near-sighted.About 60% of the students in Senior Three are near-sighted.The number of the near-sighted students in Senior Three is the largest, making up 70 of them.4.面临学习的压力，没有时间锻炼。Students, especially those in Senior 3, are faced with too much pressure from their schoolwork, simply having no time

35、 for exercise.Faced with too much from study, students, especially those in Senior 3 have not enough time to do sports.5.学生对保护视力重视不够，利用每天做眼保健操时间做作业。Students dont pay much attention to the importance of protecting their eyes. The time for them to do eye exercise is often taken advantage of to do thei

36、r homework.Students dont attach great importance to how to protect their eyes. They often do their homework when they should have done eye exercises every day.6.充分认识保护视力的重要性，注意用眼的正确方法。We must be fully aware of the importance of protecting our eyes and pay attention to the correct way to use our eyes

37、.We must be fully aware of the importance of protecting our eyes and have the correct way to use our eyes.7.每天做眼保健操来保护眼睛。We should do eye exercise every day to protect our eyes.Only by doing eye exercise every day can we protect our eyes.We must do eye exercise every day, which is good for our eyes.

38、连句成篇连句成篇的关键是将第二段相关要点的表达进行合并和过渡加过渡词、过渡句等。表达数据要点的合并：As can be seen from the graph, about 25% of the students in Senior One are suffering from short-eyesight while the number of the near-sighted students in Senior Two climbed to 50%.However ，Senior Three has the most students who are near-sighted. 得出结论

39、,分析其原因的要点合并Several reasons may account for the worseningsituation. I think the main reason is that faced with too much from study, students, especially those in Senior 3 have not enough time to do sports. Besides, the students have themselves to blame, for many of them dont attach great importance t

40、o how to protect their eyes. Theyoften do their homework when they should have done eye exercises every day. 提出建议的整合As to how to get this situation improved before it gets worse, there are many measures that can be taken. Most important of all, we must be fully aware of the importance of protecting our eyes and pay attention