通信工程专业英语课文翻译

1、文档编码 : CY8K8C8F8D4 HY10C6D10J1D10 ZO5X7H7O1F1通信工程专业英语课文翻译 Technology of Modern Communication Text A: Bluetooth Bluetooth wireless technology is a short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable 轻巧的 and fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security ,

2、 The key features of Bluetooth technology are robustness 稳健 , low power, and low cost , The Bluetooth specification defines a uniform structure for a wide range of devices to connect and communicate with each other , 蓝牙无线技术就是一种小范畴无线通信技术 ,旨在保持高安全级的基础上 ,在便携式设备与固 定设备之间实现无线连接；蓝牙技术的主要特点就是稳健 , 低功耗与低成本；蓝牙规

3、范定义 了一个统一的结构 ,适用范畴广的设备连接并相互沟通； Bluetooth technology has achieved global acceptance such that any Bluetooth enable device, almost everywhere in the world, can connect to other Bluetooth enabled devices in proximity , Bluetooth enabled electronic devices connect and communicate wirelessly through shor

4、t-range, ad hoc 特 别 networks known as piconets Each device can simultaneously communicate with up to seven other devices within a single piconet , Each device can also belong to several piconets simultaneously , Piconets are established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enabled devices ente

5、r and leave radio proximity , 蓝牙技术已取得全球认可 , 使得任何支持蓝牙的设备 , 几乎在世界各地 ,可以连接到其她支持 蓝牙的邻近装置；蓝牙功能的电子设备连接并通过短距离无线通信 , 特殊网络 , 被称为微微 网；每个设备可以同时在一个单一的微微网最多七个其她设备进行通信； 每个设备也可以同 时属于几个微微网；微网就是动态与自动建立蓝牙功能的设备进入与离开无线电近炸； A fundamental Bluetooth wireless technology strength is the ability to simultaneously handle both

6、 data and voice transmissions , This enables users to enjoy variety of innovative solutions such as a hands-free headset 耳机 for voice calls, printing and fax capabilities, and synchronizing PDA , laptop, and mobile phone applications to name a few , 一个基本的蓝牙无线技术的力气就是同时处理数据与语音传输的才能 ,这使得用户可以享受 各种创新的解决方

7、案 ,如免提耳机进行语音通话 ,打印与传真功能 ,并同步 PDA,笔记本电脑 , 以 及手机应用仅举几例； Core system The Bluetooth core system, defined by Bluetooth specification, is a common service layer protocol which covers four lower layers in seven layer protocol , Service Discovery Protocol SDP and the overall pro are defined by Generic Acces

8、s Profile GAP A 第 1 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 complete Bluetooth application requires a number of additional services and higher layer protocols that are defined in the Bluetooth specification 核心系统 蓝牙核心系统 ,通过蓝牙规范中定义的 ,就是一种常见的服务层协议 , 它包括在 7 层协议四 个较低层；服务发觉协议 SDP 与整体轮廓的要求就是由通用拜望模式 GAP 定义一个完整 的蓝牙应用程序需要的确定数量的

9、在蓝牙规范中定义额外的服务与更高层协议； The lowest three layers are sometimes grouped into a subsystem known as the Bluetooth controller 蓝牙把握器 , This is a common implementation involving a standard physical communications interface 通信接口 between the Bluetooth controller and remainder of the Bluetooth system including t

10、hdeL2CAP ,service layers and higher layers known as the Bluetooth host , Although this interface is optional ,the architecture is designed to allow for its existence and characteristics , The Bluetooth specification enable interoperability between independent Bluetooth enabled systems by defining th

11、e protocol messages exchanged between equivalent layers ,and also interoperability between independent Bluetooth sub-systems by defining a common interface between Bluetooth controllers and Bluetooth hosts , 最低的 3 层有时被分为称为蓝牙把握器的子系统；这就是一个常见的实现涉及到蓝牙把握 器 与蓝牙系统 ,包括 thdeL2CAP , 服务层与更高的层 被称为蓝牙主机 的其余部分之间的物

12、理标 准通信接口；虽然这个接口就是可选的 ,该架构的设计答应它的存在与特性；蓝牙规范定义 的协议报文交换的对等层之间实现互操作性 互用性 ,协同工作的才能 的独立蓝牙系统之间 , 也通过定义蓝牙把握器与蓝牙主机之间的通用接口独立的蓝牙子系统之间的互操作性； A number of functional blocks are shown and the path of services and data between these , The functional blocks shown in the diagram are informative; in general the Blueto

13、oth specification does not define the details of implementation except where this is required for interoperability , 如干功能模块被示出并在它们之间的服务与数据的路径；在图中所示的功能块就是信息 ; 在 一般的蓝牙规范没有定义实现的细节除非这就是必需的互操作性； Standard interactions are defined for all inter-device operation, where Bluetooth devices exchange protocol si

14、gnaling according to the Bluetooth specification , The Bluetooth core system protocols are the radio RF 射频 protocol , link control LC protocol, link manager LM protocol and logical link control and adaptation protocol L2CAP, all of which are fully defined in subsequent parts of the Bluetooth specifi

15、cation , In addition, the service discovery protocol SDP is a service layer protocol required by all Bluetooth applications , 标准的交互定义的全部设备间的操作 ,依据蓝牙规范 ,其中的蓝牙设备交换协议信令；蓝牙核 心系统协议就是无线电 RF 射频 协议 ,链路把握 LC 协议 ,链路治理器 LM 协议与规律链路 把握与适配协议 L2CAP , 全部这些在以后的部分被完全定义蓝牙规范；此外 , 该服务发觉协 议SDP 就是由全部的蓝牙应用所需的服务层协议； 第 2 页,共

16、 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 The Bluetooth core system offers services through a number of service access points that are shown in the diagram as ellipses 椭圆 , These services consist of the basic primitives that control the Bluetooth core system , The services can be split into three types , There are device c

17、ontrol services that modify the behavior and modes of a Bluetooth device, transport control services that create, modify and release traffic bears 搬运者 , 载体 channels and links, and data services that are used to submit data for transmission over traffic bearers , It is common to consider the first tw

18、o as belong to the C-plane and the last as belong to the U-plane , 蓝牙核心系统供应服务通过一些被图中所示为椭圆形服务拜望点； 这些服务包括用于把握蓝 牙核心系统的基本原语；该服务可以分为三种类型 : 修改蓝牙设备的行为与模式 ,设备控降服 务 , 制造交通管降服务 , 修改与释放的搬运者 信道与链路 , 数据服务通过交通搬运者用于提 交数据传输的,它就是常见的第一要考虑的两成属于 C 面 ,最终为属于 U 平面； A service interface to the Bluetooth controller sub-syste

19、m is defined such that the Bluetooth controller may be considered a standard part , In this configuration the Bluetooth controller operates the lowest three layers and the L2CAP layer is contained with the rest of the Bluetooth application in a host system , The standard interface is called the host

20、 to controller interface HCI is optional , , Implication of this standard service interface 服务接口到蓝牙把握器子系统被定义 ,使得所述蓝牙把握器可以被认为就是标准的一部分； 在此配置蓝牙把握器运行的最低三层与 机系统；标准的接口称为主机把握器接口 接口就是可选的； L2CAP 层包含与蓝牙应用程序的其余部分在一个主 HCI 主机把握接口 ；言下之意这个标准的服务 As the Bluetooth architecture is defined with the possibility of a sep

21、arate host andcontroller communicating through an HCI, a number of general assumptions are made , The Bluetooth controller is assumed to have limited data buffering capabilities in comparison with the host , Therefore the L2CAP layer is expected to carry out some simple resource management when subm

22、itting L2CAP PDUsProtocol Data Unit to the controller for transport to a peer device , This includes segmentation of L2CAP SDUs into more manageable PDUs and then the fragmentation of PDUs into start and continuation packets of a size suitable for the controller buffers, and management of the use of

23、 controller buffers to ensure availability for channels with quality of service QoS commitments , 作为蓝牙架构中定义了一个单独的主机与把握器通过 定蓝牙把握器具有有限的数据缓冲才能与主机相比；因此 HCI 通信的可能性 , 一些一般假定；假 ,估量 L2CAP 层进行一些简洁的资 源治理提交的 L2CAP PDU 协议数据单元协议数据单元 的把握器传输到对端 对等的 设备 时；这包括分割 L2CAP SDU 的分成更简洁治理的 PDU 与 PDU 的再破裂成适合的把握器缓 冲区大小的开头与连续的数

24、据包 , 并使用把握缓冲区的治理 , 以确保可用性通道 , 服务质量 QoS 承诺； The baseband layer provides the basic ARQ protocolAuto Repeat Request in 第 3 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 Bluetooth technology , The L2CAP layer can optionally provide a further error detection and retransmission to the L2CAP PDUs , This feature is recommended for

25、applications with requirements for a low probability of undetected errors in the user data , A further optional feature of L2CAP is a window-based flow control that can be used to buffer allocation in the receiving device , Both of these optional features augment the QoS performance in certain scena

26、rios , 基带层供应基本的 ARQ 协议 自动重传恳求协议 蓝牙技术； L2CAP 层可以挑选性地供应进 一步的错误检测与重发来的 L2CAP 的 PDU；该功能被举荐用于对未检测到错误 ,在用户数据 的概率低要求的应用程序； L2CAP 的又一可选特点在于 ,可用于在接收设备中缓冲区支配一 个基于窗口的流量把握；这两个可选功能增强在某些情形下的 QoS 性能 Although these assumptions may not be required for embedded Bluetooth technology implementations that combine all la

27、yers in a single system, the general architectural and QoS models are defined with these assumptions in mind, in effect a lowest common denominator 虽然可能不需要的嵌入式蓝牙技术实现 , 将全部图层在一个系统中这些假设 , 一般的建筑与 QoS 模型定义与这些假设一点 , 实际上就是一个最小的共同特性 Automated conformance testing 符合性检测 of implementations of the Bluetooth co

28、re system is required , This is achieved by allowing the tester to control the implementation through the RF interface, which is common to all Bluetooth system, and through the test control interface TCI, which is only required for conformance testing , 蓝牙核心系统实现自动化的一样性测试就是必需的；这就是通过答应测试仪 试验者 , 通过 RF

29、接口 ,这就是通用于全部蓝牙系统 , 并通过测试把握接口 ,这就是唯独需要的一样性测试 , 以 把握方面取得； The tester uses exchanges with the implementation under test ITU through the RF interface to ensure the correct responses to requests from remote devices , The tester controls the IUT through the TCI to cause the ITU to originate exchanges thro

30、ugh the RF interface so that these can also be verified as conformant , 该测试仪接受沟通下 ,通过 RF 接口测试 ITU 的实施 , 确保从远程设备的恳求的正确响应； 测 试仪把握 IUT 通过 TCI 使国际电联通过 RF 接口发起交换 , 使这些物质也可以作为符合性验 证； The TCI uses adifferent command-set service interface for the testing of each architectural layer and protocol , A subset o

31、f the HCI command-set issued 发行 as the TCI service interface for each of the layers and protocols within the Bluetooth controller subsystem , A separate service interface is used for testing the L2CAP layer and protocol , As an L2CAP service interface is not defined in the Bluetooth core specificati

32、on it is defined separately in the TCI specification , Implementation of the L2CAP service interface is only required for conformance testing , 第 4 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 TCI 使用不同的命令集 服务接口 为每个架构层与协议的测试；发出的 HCI 命令集作为 TCI 服务接口为每个蓝牙把握器子系统内的层与协议的一个子集； 一个单独的服务接口就是用于 测试的 L2CAP 层与协议；作为一个 L2CAP 服务接口未在蓝牙核心规范中定

33、义它就是在 TCI 规范分别定义的；只需要进行一样性测试的 Why choose Bluetooth wireless technology L2CAP 服务接口的实现； Bluetooth wireless technology is the simple choice for convenient, wire free, and short-range communication between devices , It is a globally available standard that wirelessly connects mobile phones, portable com

34、puters, cars, stereo headsets, MP3 players, and more , Thanks to the unique concept of “ profiles B”lue, tooth enabled products do not need to installed driver software , The technology is now available in its fourth version of the specification and continues to develop, building on its inherent str

35、engths small-form factor radio, low power, low cost, built-in security, robustness, ease-of-use, and ad hoc networking abilities , Bluetooth wireless technology is the leading and only proven short-range wireless technology on the market today shipping over five million units every week with an inst

36、alled base of over 500 million units at the end of 2022 , 为什么挑选蓝牙无线技术 蓝牙无线技术就是为便利简洁的挑选 , 线自由与设备之间的短距离通信； 这就是一个全球可 用的标准 ,可无线连接手机 , 便携式电脑 , 汽车 ,立体声耳机 ,MP3 播放器等等；多亏了“配置文 件”的特殊理念 ,蓝牙功能的产品不需要安装驱动程序软件；该技术现已在规范的第四个版 本, 并不断进展 ,打造其固有的优势 - 小形状收音机 ,低功耗 , 低成本 ,内置安全功能 , 耐用 ,易于 使用与广告组网才能；蓝牙无线技术就是市场上领先的 ,只有成熟的短距离无

37、线技术如今每 星期出货超过 500 万台 , 装机容量超过 500 万台基地在 2022 年年底； The Bluetooth wireless technology specification is available free-of-charge to our member companies around the globe , Manufacturers from many industries are busy implementing the technology in their products to reduce the clutter of wires, make seam

38、less connections, stream stereo audio, transfer data or carry voice communications , Bluetooth technology operates in the 2 , 4 GHz, one of the unlicensed industrial, scientific, medical ISM radio bands , As such, there is no cost for the use of Bluetooth technology , While you must subscribe to a c

39、ellular provider or CDMA,with Bluetooth technology there is no cost associated with the use beyond the cost of your device , 蓝牙无线技术规范就是免费供应的充电给我们全球的成员公司； 从很多行业的制造商正忙于 实施这项技术在她们的产品 , 以削减导线的杂波 ,使无缝连接 ,流立体声音频 , 传输数据或进行 语音通信；蓝牙技术工作在 2, 4 GHz 时 ,未授权的工业 ,科学 , 医疗 ISM 无线电频段之一； 因此 ,不存在成本为使用蓝牙技术； 而您必需订阅到蜂窝供应商

40、或 CDMA , 接受蓝牙技术的没 有与超越您的设备的成本使用相关的成本； Range of Devices 第 5 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 Bluetooth technology is available in an unprecedented range of applications from mobile phones to automobiles to medical devices for use by consumers, industrial markets, enterprises, and more , The low power consumption

41、, small size and low cost of the chipset solution enables Bluetooth technology to be used in the tiniest of devices , Have a look at the wide range products made available by our members in the Bluetooth product directory and the component product listing , 设备的范畴 蓝牙技术供应了前所未有的范畴从移动电话应用到汽车 ,再到由消费者 , 工

42、业市场 , 企业 ,以及 更多使用的医疗器械；低功耗 , 小尺寸与芯片组解决方案的成本低使在设备的最小的要使用 蓝牙技术；瞧瞧在蓝牙产品目录与组件产品上市供应我们的成员范畴广泛的产品； Ease of Use Bluetooth technology is an ad hoc technology that requires no fixed infrastructure and is simple to install and set up , You don t need wires to get connected , The process for a new user is easy

43、 you get a Bluetooth branded product, check the profiles available and connect it to another Bluetooth device with the same profiles , The subsequent PIN code process is as easy as when you identify yourself at the ATM machine , When out-and-about,you carry your personal area network PAN with you an

44、d can even connect to others , 易于使用 蓝牙技术就是一个特设技术 , 无需固定基础设施以及易于安装与设置；您并不需要电线来进 行连接；过程中产生的新用户就是很简洁 - 您得到一个蓝牙品牌产品 ,检查可用的配置文件 , 并使用相同的配置文件连接到另一个蓝牙设备；随后的 PIN 码的过程就是 , 当您确定自己在 ATM 机一样简洁； 当彻头彻尾的明白 , 您携带您的个人区域网 PAN 与您甚至可以连接到其她 人； Globally Accepted Specification Bluetooth wireless technology is the most wid

45、ely supported, versatile, and secure wireless standard on the market today , The globally available quantification program tests member products as to their accordance with the standard , Since the first release of the Bluetooth specification in 1999, over 4000 companies have become members in the B

46、luetooth Special Interest Group SIG , Meanwhile, the number of Bluetooth products on the market is multiplying rapidly , Volumes have doubled for the fourth consecutive year and are likely to reach an installed base of 500 million units by the close of 2022 , 全球公认的规范 蓝牙无线技术就是使用最广泛的支持 ,多才多艺 ,并确保市场上的无

47、线标准的今日；该全球可 用的量化程序测试员产品就是否符合标准； 由于蓝牙规范于 1999 年首次发布 , 4000 公司已经 成为会员的蓝牙特殊爱好小组 SIG , 同时 , 蓝牙产品在市场上的数量正在快速倍增；量连续 第四年增加了一倍 ,并有可能由接近 2022 年达到装机容量为 500 万台基地； 第 6 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 Secure Connections From the start, Bluetooth technology was designed with security needs in mind , Since it is globally ava

48、ilable in the open 2 ,4 GHz ISM band, robustness was built in from the beginning , With adaptive frequency hopping AFH 自适应跳频 , the signal “ hops” and thus limits interference from other signals , Further, Bluetooth technology has built-in security such as 128bit encryption 加密 and PIN code authentica

49、tion 认证 , When Bluetooth products identify themselves, they use the PIN code the first time they connection , Once connected, always securely connected , 安全连接 从一开头 ,蓝牙技术就是设计时考虑到安全需要；由于它就是在开放的 2 ,4GHz ISM 频带全 局可用的 ,鲁棒从一开头就内置在； 具有自适应跳频 AFH, 信号“跳动” , 因此从其她信号干 扰的限制； 此外 ,蓝牙技术已经内置了安全功能 , 如 128 位加密与 PIN 码认

50、证 ；当蓝牙产品标 识自己 ,她们所使用的 PIN 码 ,第一次她们连接；一旦连接 ,总就是连接坚固； Text B : “Chinese standard ”aims at international market In 2022, the TD-SCDMA standards for the 3-generation 3G mobile communications network initiated by china and ratified by the international Telecommunication Union, has become a focus of the g

51、lobal telecom industry, reported People Daily ,Both telecom operators and telecom equipment manufacturers have paid growing attentions to the“ Chinese standard ”for and telecom equipment manufacturers have paid growing attentions to the “ Chinese standard ” for 3G, Almo-smt oabllilecommunicationequi

52、pmentsuppliers in the world are putting more investment and efforts in R&DResearch and Development for the “ Chinese standard ” 人民日报 报道 ,2022 年 ,中国领先提出第三代移动通信网络标准 TD-SCDMA 标准 , 并 由国际电信协会批准通过 ,该标准也因此成为全球电信产业关注的焦点,无论电信运营商与 电信设备制造商已支付日益关注的“中国标准”与电信设备制造商已支付日益关注的“中 国标准”的 3G , 几乎全部的移动通信设备供应商在世界上 与进展争论开发 的

53、“中国标准” ,把更多的投资与努力 , R D争论 The Chinese government has been making efforts to push forward the “ Chinese standard ”since the beginning of the year with the pace of R&D and industrialization becoming apparently quickened , The singing of supply contract for the field test of 3G and emergence of TD-SCDM

54、A cellular phone are proof of such progresses , 鉴于研发速度与工业化节奏的明显加快 , 自年初以来 , 中国政府开头致力于推动“中国标 准”的制定与完善,供应合约的 3G 外场测试 实地试验 与 TD-SCDMA 手机的显现就是这样 进步的证明； Technical advantages of the Chinese standard gradually come to show 第 7 页,共 24 页通信工程专业英语课文翻译 In response to the questions for the so- called level probl

55、ems of the “ Chinese standard ” , s Zhang Xinsheng, Vice Director of Science and Technology Department, Ministry of Information Industry is of opinion that the underlying reason for having drawn the world attention so far 迄今为止 lies in the technological advantages of the TD-SCDMA , 中国标准的技术优势逐步显露 章新胜

56、,科学技术部副主任回应“中国标准”所谓的水平问题的问题 缘由已绘制的世界留意迄今为止在于 TD-SCDMA 的技术优势； ,信息产业部认为根本 The world mobile communication industry unanimously agrees that TD-SCDMA can serve as one of the standards for 3G after intensive research and discussions on it , The TD-SCDMA is more extensively recognized following the auction

57、 of 3G frequencies in Europe , 全球移动通信行业的一样同意 , TD-SCDMA 可以作为以后深化争论与争论它的标准 3G 之一； 在 TD-SCDMA 被更广泛地熟识到以下的 3G 频率在欧洲拍卖； At present, the “ Chinese standard ” for 3G has become a highlight of the world , Japan, Europe and US are all paying attention to it the world is doing research related to the , Each

58、and every major telecom corporation in “ Chinese standard ”, The TD-SCDMA has been recognized by the industry even though some problems still need further research , TD-SCDMA can be connected with the current telecom system, and with its features of intelligent antenna, high application rate of freq

59、uency, the TD-SCDMA s technical advantages are coming to show gradually , 目前 , “中国标准” 3G 已经成为世界的一大亮点；日本 , 欧洲与美国都在关注它；在世界上 每一个主要的电信公司正在做相关争论的“中国标准” ；在 TD-SCDMA 已经被业界认可 , 尽管有些问题仍需要进一步争论； TD-SCDMA 能够与当前的电信系统进行连接 ,并具有智能 天线 ,频率高的应用速率的特点 ,TD-SCDMA 的技术优势逐步显露； TD- SCDMA changes world s orientation of resear

60、ch for 3G Zhang holds that the TD-SCDMA standard has chan ged the world sorientation of research for 3G in the following aspects , 1, The “ Chinese standard ” for 3G is the only 3G standard based on intelligent antenna China is leading the world in this field , the world telecom industry to make fur