2023考研英语一最后一套卷

1、 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷(英语一)试卷条形码试卷条形码考生考前须知1. 答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名、“报考单位、“考生编号等信息。2. 客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。英译汉和写作局部必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡上做答。字迹要清楚。3.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册交回。考生编号考生姓名钟方源Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following textChoose the best word(s)for each numbered bl

2、ank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased _1_ that causes rapid rises in prices. _2_ your money buys fewer goods so that you get _3_for the same amount

3、of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise _4_the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as an_5_ when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hu

4、rt the _6_. Retired people, for instance, cannot_7_ on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to _8_ their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income_9_any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many re

5、tired people must cut their spending to_10_rising prices. In many cases they must stop_11_some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even_12_working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The _13_of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep

6、up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep_14_with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living_15_they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units

7、gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes_16_the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a _17_year as the base. The base price is set_18_100, and the other prices are reported as a _19_ of the base price. A

8、price index makesit possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, _20_, with prices of the same goods in previous years.1. AspendingBdemanding Cconsuming Dsaving2. ABefore BUnless CSince DWhen3. Amuch Blittle Cmore Dless4. AinBon Cat Dto5. Achance BtimeCmoment Doccasion6. Abest Blest

9、 Cmost Dworst7. Arely Brest Cdepend Dcount8. AmeetBobtain Ccare Dacquire9. AorBand Cexcluding Dincluding10. Alive up to Bcatch up to Cput up with Dkeep up with11. Ato buy Bbuying Chaving bought Dfrom buying12. AforBto Cof Dif13. Aprice Blevel CcostDstandard14. Arace Bpace Cspeed Dstep15. Ain case Bu

10、ntilCbecause Das such16. Ain which Bfrom which Cof which Dby which17. Alast B definite Cfixed D given18. Aon Bby CatDagainst19. A portion B percentage Cproportion Dfraction 20. A by contrast B whats moreCfor exampleDlikeSection 11 Reading ComprehensionPartADirections：Read the following four textsAns

11、wer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C，or DMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)TextlMany parents complain that their teenage children are rebellingThey greet their childrens teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-metal music, wear strange clothe

12、s，have strange hair stylesand spend all their time dating or meeting friends，such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellionIt seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parentsInstead of striking out boldly

13、 on their wings，most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassuranceTheir reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing itIt has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own wayThey have come ou

14、t of their cocooninto a larger cocoon Teenage rebellion，according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg，coauthor of You and Your Adolescent，has been greatly overstatedMany other psychologists agree. The idea that teenagers inevitably rebel is a myth that has the potential for great family harmThis noti

15、on can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Teenagers need to establish themselves as individualsin their own minds and in the eyes of others. This search isnt about rebellion：i

16、ts about becoming a person of ones own. “Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning to stand on their own two feet,says Steinberg. Here is one way parents can help：dont stereotype. “Parents who expect teenage rebellion may actually stir it up.says Kenneth I. Howard，a member o

17、f a research team that collected survey data on more than 20, 000 teenagers over a 28-year period Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the first sight of adolescent independence，fearful that giving in even slightly now means drugs cannot be far behindWhen parents overreact，teenage

18、rs assert themselves more，parents clamp down harder，and a full-scale blowup resultsIn fact，psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teenage behavior，and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger，stronger, older and smarter than before，with an additional supp

19、ly of hormone raging through the bloodstreamBut he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance，your son or daughter will continue to behave in ways you have established21. According to the writer，parents fear for their childrens teenage is_Aridiculous Bunnece

20、ssaryCunreasonable DsensibleThey greet their childrens teenage with needless dread.22“A larger cocoon as mentioned inParagraph 2 refers to the situation that_ A teenagers disagree with their parentsB teenagers want to be independentC teenagers cannot escape from the popularity waveDteenagers need su

21、pport from their fellow teenagersIt has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own wayThey have come out of their cocooninto a larger cocoon23Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT_A it can do harm to

22、 the familyB it can damage parents influence C it can prevent teenagers from being individualsD it can impair teenagers ability to make correct judgmentThis notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters 24According to the psychologists，it is beneficial

23、 for parents to_ Ashow fear Buse suppressionCclamp down harder Dtreat teenagers as they used to 25The text is meant to_ Aadvise the parents how to get along with their teenagersBdiscuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope with it Cintroduce psychologists views on teenage behaviors Dclarify the miscon

24、ception about teenage rebellion Text 2Human relations have commanded peoples attention from early times. The ways of people have beenrecorded in innumerable myths, folktales, novels, poems, plays, and popular or philosophical essays. Althoughthe full significance of a human relationship may not be d

25、irectly evident, the complexity of feelings and actionsthat can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position amongthe sciences “Intuitiveknowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior whereas in t

26、he physical sciences such common sense knowledge is relatively primitiveIf we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our world，not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pull

27、eys andlevers. On the other hand，if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems ininterpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as beforeWe would still“know how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us；we would s

28、till“knowwhen someone was angry and when someone was pleasedOne could even offer sensible explanations for the“whysof much of the selfs behavior and feelingsIn other words，the ordinary person has a great and profoundunderstanding ofthe selfand ofother people which，though unformulated or only vaguely

29、 conceived，enables oneto interact with others in more or less adaptive waysKohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries inpsychology as compared with physics，accounts for this by saying that“people were acquainted with practicallyall territories ofmental life a long time before the founding

30、ofscientific psychology.Paradoxically,with all this natural，intuitive，commonsense capacity to grasp human relations，the science ofhuman relations had been one of the last to developDifferent explanations of this paradox have been suggestedOne is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illus

31、ions people have about themselves；but we might askwhy people have always loved to read pessimistic，debunking writings，from Ecclesiastes to FreudIt has alsobeen proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively，there has been less incentive forstudying them scientifically：why should

32、 one develop a theory，carry out systematic observations，or makepredictions about the obvious?In any case，the field of human relations，with its vast literary documentation butmeager scientific treatment，is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively fewnonscientific books2

33、6. Which of the following claims of the passage supports the authors argument that“psychology holds a unique position among the sciences(Line 4-5, Para.1)? AThe study ofcommon sense in the physical sciences is relatively advanced BThe full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious CPsycholo

34、gy plays an important role in modem science and technology DIntuitive understanding ofhuman behaviors can be clear and precise27According to the passage，which of the following could be safely drawn about the people who lived before the coming of scientific psychology? AThey think much ofinvestigatin

35、g ofinterpersonal relationship BKnowledge ofthe physical science was not very attractive for them CThey pay much attention to correctly handle human relationshipDTheir intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated28The author suggests that common sense knowledge ofhuman relations is

36、_ Ausually biased due to the fact that it is based on myths and folktalesBgenerally accurate enough to facilitate interactions with each other Cequally well developed among every adult within a given society Dtypically unrelated to an individuals interactions with other people29The author uses Eccle

37、siastes and Freud(Line 5，Para.3)as examples in order to_ Afind a satisfactory explanation to the human relations in their books Bshow the growing tendency to ignore scientific explanations ofhuman relationsCchallenge the first analysis on the underdevelopment ofthe science ofhuman relations Dprove t

38、he unwillingness ofpeople to abandon the pleasing fantasy in their mind30Which ofthe following is TRUE according to the passage? AIntuition couldnt explain the motive of ones behavior BScientific psychology seems to be the most advanced subject CThe scientific method is difficult to apply to psychol

39、ogyDSome believe that the obvious deserves no scientific studyText3 Ifyou are anything like me，you left the theater after Sex and the City 2 and thought，there ought to be a lawagainst a looks-based culture in which the only way for 40-year-old actresses to be compensated like 40-year-oldactors is to

40、 have them look and dress like the teenage daughters of40-year-old actors Meet Deborah Rhode，a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or raceIn a provocative new book，The Beauty Bias，Rhode lays

41、out the case for all America in which appearance discrimination is no longer allowedThat means Hooters cant fire its servers for being too heavy，as allegedly happened last month to a waitress in Michigan who says she received nothing but excellent reviews but weighed 132 pounds Rhode is at her most

42、persuasive when arguing that in America，discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race，sex，age，ethnicity,religion，and disabilityRhode cites research to prove her point：11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predispos

43、edtoward obesityCollege students tell surveyors theyd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler，drug user，or a shoplifter than one who is obese And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgeryRhode reminds us how Hillary

44、Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks，and says its no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency And the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really，real

45、ly like hot girlsAnd so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona fide occupational qualification，there will be cocktailwaitresses fired for gaining three poundsIts not just American men who like things this wayThe truth is thatwomen feel good about competing in beauty pageantsTo put it another way，

46、appearance bias is a massive societal problem with tangible economic costs that mostof us-perhaps especially womenperpetuate each time we buy a diet pill or sneer at fat womenThis doesntmean we shouldnt work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearanceBut it may mean recognizingthat the law

47、 wont stop us from discriminating against the overweight，the aging，and the imperfect，so long as itsthe quality we all hate most in ourselves31Which ofthe following is the best description ofthe authors emotions after watching Sex and the City 2?A Envy and longingBRemorse and guilt CJealousy and hatr

48、edD Displeasure and anger32The word“Thatin Para.2 refers to_A a law against discrimination based on appearanceB the situation in America when appearance discrimination is illegal C discrimination based on gender or race is eliminatedD a law against companiesfiring employees based on appearance 33Whi

49、ch ofthe followings is NOT included in Prof. Rhodes arguments? A There should be a law against discrimination based on appearance as against gender or racial discrimination B If appearance discrimination is illegal in America，no company can fire their employees because of their looksCNot only Americ

50、an men like pretty women，American women themselves also attach great value to beautyD Appearance bias is as harmful and common as racial and religious discrimination34. It is very hard to establish a law against appearance discrimination because _A American people regard beauty as a very valuable an

51、d desirable quality Bcocktail waitresses want to be competitive and earn more moneyC American women like participating in beauty pageants Dsuch a law will harm the American economy 35What conclusion can we draw from the passage?A American people，both men and women，need to be good-looking for their c

52、areerssake BFilm directors should start using ordinary-looking middle-aged actresses to help change the beauty biasC American people need to change their attitudes toward the appearance of themselves to change the beauty biasDIf people really hate themselves for being fat or ugly,they will be agains

53、t a law stopping appearance discriminationText4 School authorities often refuse to face the problem of drug-abuse; government drug-abuse agencies havedone too little to inform the public about it；many physicians still seem unaware of it when they examineteenagersAs a result，parents may still be the

54、last to know that their children have fallen victim to the drugepidemic that has been raging for more than a decade among Americans youthIn a survey of a middle-incomeCincinnati suburb, 38 percent of the sixth grade and 89 percent of the senior class said they used drug andalcohol; 48 percent of the

55、 parents thought their children used alcohol，but only 8 percent thought their childrenused drug Fortunately, there is a new force at work against this epidemic a nationwide movement of more than 400parent groups formed to expose and battle drug use among teenagers and preteens. The groups have diffe

56、rentapproaches and widely varying rates of success. Yet this parental crusade is the only major force in the country tohave taken active, organized and effective steps aimed at stopping marijuana use Why the concentration on marijuana?Marijuana is the illegal drug most used by kidsAccording to aNati

57、onal High School Survey，44 percent of U.S. high school seniors had smoked pot during their school years，and one out of seven ofthese were daily or near daily smokersThere was a close-related connection between potsmoking and subsequent use of cocaine and heroin by young menOf those who had smoked po

58、t fewer than 1 00times, seven percent had graduated to cocaine，four percent to heroinBut of those who had smoked pot at least1,000 times, 73 percent had gone on to cocaine, and one out ofthree had graduated to heroinParent groups have found that by stopping their kids from smoking pot, they almost a

59、utomatically stop allother illegal drugs, and cut down on alcohol use as well. The High School Senior Surveys statistics show thatheavy pot smokers tend to be heavy drinkers, while those who do not use pot tend not to drink heavilySince virtually all over the country teenage“partyinghas come to mean

60、“getting smashed and gettingstonedon anything from pot to pills to hashish，LSD，and alcohol，some parent groups home in on the partying aspectParents Who Care(PWC) was started in 1979 by 15 Palo Alto, Calif., parents who were upset by stories of serious drug problems at parties. They held talk session