Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单元话题练习-2022届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

1、单元话题阅读：人与社会对社会有突出贡献的人选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 Science and ScientistsI .阅读理解A（2021南京市三桃）With the worlds attention on vaccines （疫苗），now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to （heir development. Three hundred years ago this month. Lady Mary Wortlcy Montagu got her d

2、aughter inoculated （接种）against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Montagus willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.Montagu first witn

3、essed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus （脓）from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on peoples wrist

4、s and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection.Like other visitors to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her son was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculatio

5、n performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors1 professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income. Some people also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventuall

6、y, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that （he rewards would outweigh the risks. After a safe （ime had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the

7、 practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as last century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.W

8、hat is the second paragraph mainly about?The origin of smallpox inoculation.Montagus first access to inoculation.The benefits from smallpox inoculation.Turkish womens invention of inoculation.Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because .it was against human natureit might harm d

9、octors interestsit was beyond doctors abilitiesit might shake some peoples beliefWhat led doctors in Britain （o accept inoculation?The increased severity of smallpox infections.A physicians discovery of smallpox vaccines.The result of Montagus daughters inoculation.Montagus focus on its rewards rath

10、er than its risks.Which might be the best title for the （ext?An Unsung HeroNo Limit to CreationDevelopment of VaccinesA Historic Medical InnovationB（2021 合肥市质检）Born on I July 1948, in the small Italian city of Palmi, Roberto Crea was a genius kid. He moved to the Netherlands and majored in Biologica

11、l Chemistry. It was this university that directed his interest in the synthesis （合成）of nucleotides, the basic units that are required to build DNA. At that time, not many researchers studied （he combination of genes （基因）,but Robertos strong chemistry background made a historical invention possible.I

12、n 1977, he joined the Genentech, Inc. and the gene synthesis team at City of Hope Medical School. The company funded Dr. Creas ongoing research on gene synthesis. After working day and night, （he brilliant individual finally invented a new procedure that improved the chemical synthesis of genes. Tha

13、nks to his rich knowledge and the joint efforts of the excellent Genentech team, he made use of this discovery to produce the human insulin （胰岛素）genes, A and B. It was his invention that allowed Genentech to be labeled as the first producer of human protein. This benefited hundreds of millions of pe

14、ople suffering from diabetes （糖尿病）all over the world.Today Roberto is known as the father of synthetic insulin and had almost won the Nobel Prize. His efforts did not stop after discovering the synthetic insulin; in fact, he was more than driven and tried to make more contribution to the field of bi

15、otechnology. His team of experts discovered Ziconotide under his teachings and guidance. According to leading scientists and researchers, this drug is more powerful and effective than morphine （吗啡），and the best part of this is that it has zero side-effects.Dr. Roberto Crea has a long list of credita

16、ble discoveries and researches that he has achieved in 65 years of his life. He is an inspiration fbr many individuals who aim to add value to humanity with the help of science.What may contribute to Robertos invention of the human insulin genes?His good luck in his life.His curiosity about his stud

17、y.His creative imagination.His knowledge of chemistry.What do the underlined words this discovery in Paragraph 2 refer to?A special way of producing human protein.A reliable method for curing people of diabetes.A new procedure fbr improving gene synthesis.A simple technique of separating human genes

18、.What do we know about Roberto in Paragraph 3?He won a Nobel Prize.He stuck to his scientific research.He discovered morphine with his team.He retired after making the great discovery.Which of （he following best describes Roberto?Enthusiastic and generous.Courageous and calm.Ambitious and patient.De

19、voted and talented.II .阅读七选五（2021 济市市针对性训练）Cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls sport, and yet more than half of Americans do not believe it is a sport. In addition, they fail to distinguish between sideline cheerleaders and competitive ones. Sideline cheerleaders main goal is to entertain the

20、crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport._1_ A sport, according to the Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors, is a physical activity or competition against an opponent, governed by rules and conditions, and the primary purpose of competition is a compar

21、ison of the relative skills of the participants.2 Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activities. The “fliers“ are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and cooperation with other teammates. And just as basketball and football have guidelines

22、for competitive play, so does competitive cheerleading. 3 And the cheerleaders are required （o slay within a certain area._4_ Just like gymnasts, competitive cheerleaders are awarded points fbr difficulty, technique and sharpness. The more difficult a mount, the sharper the motions, the better the s

23、core. Cheerleading is a team sport, so without cooperation, the first place is out of reach. Some people argue cheerleaders arc just “girls in skirts” with their only job to entertain the crowd. _5_ Cheerleaders today compete against other teams and work as hard as other athletes. Cheerleading even

24、appears in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as （hose involved in the more accepted sports.Cheerleaders must learn to perforin in public.Competitive cheerleaders goal is to be the best.Cheerleading follows these guidelines, so it is a sport.However, competitive

25、cheerleading is a sport.Cheerleading is recognized as a sport by many schools.The whole routine has （o be completed in less than 3 minutes and 15 seconds.Actually, cheerleading has become as well-known a sport as football and basketball.HL语法填空(2021昆明市三诊一楔)The Nobel Prize is one of the most famous pr

26、izes in the world. The prizes were first awarded on 10 December 1901. That was five years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the (1)(create) of the prizes. For many years, prizes were awarded in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. A (2)(six) award fbr economics was created in 1968.Mar

27、ic Curie was the first woman (3) (receive) the award, in 1903 in physics. She (4)(share) ihe award with her husband and anoiher scientist. In I9l I. she was awarded (he prize in chemistry. Curie is one of the only (wo people ever to win Nobel Prizes in different areas. (5) (surprising), her daughter

28、 Irdne also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. They were the only mother-daughter pair to have won the prize.The prize committees arc made up (6)famous scholars and scientists. Nobel prize winners (7)(choose) very carefully. The voting is top secret. Prizes are presented to the winners every year on

29、IO December. The prize winners are some of the most important people in the world. (8)(win) the award helps them continue (heir work. The Nobel Foundation awards cash, a diploma (9)a gold medal to each prize winner. The cash amount changes based on (10) it is given to one individual or shared among

30、a group of people.参考答案A语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了三百年前，英国的Mary Wortley Montagu在土耳其目 睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于 成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。L解析：B段落大意题。通读第二段可知，该段主要讲述了 Montagu在土耳其第一次看到有人接种 的行为，也就是第一次接触到这种情况。.解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职 业地位并有可能剥夺他们珍贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难，是因为这损害了当地医

31、生 的利益。.解析：C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意 医生为她的女儿进行检查；根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于 Momagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗并且疫苗是有效果的，因此英国医生开始接受。.解析：A标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Momagu 的故事。她勇敢地让她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A 项最适合作文章标题。B语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了合成胰岛素之父RobertoCrea的故事。.解析：D 细节理解题。根

32、据第一段中的 A( that time, not many researchers studied .a historical invention possible.可知，Roberto较强的化学知识让他能够完成这项发现。.解析：C词义猜想题。根据画线词所在句中的“他利用这项发现生产出了人类胰岛素基因”和语境 可知，“这项发现指的是第二段中的 a new procedure that improved the chemical synthesis of genes .解析:B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 His efforts did not stop .the field of biotec

33、hnology.可知， Roberto没有满足于自己的成就，而是一直坚持科学研究。.解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Roberto Crea was a genius kid 和 Robertos strong chemistry background made a historical invention possible 可知，Roberto 是一个天赋异禀的人；再根据第三段中的 His efforts did not .in fact, he was more than driven and tried to make more contributions to the field of biotechnology.可知，Roberto是一个非常专注的科学家。七选五语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了业余啦啦队和竞技啦啦队的区别：业余啦啦队是娱乐 观众的，而竞技啦啦队是相互竞争的。竞技啦啦队是存在一定规那么的体育运动。D上段提到两种啦啦队：一种是业余啦啦队，一种是竞技啦啦队。接着讲述业余啦啦队不被认为 是一种体育运动。故此段应讲竞技啦啦队被认为是一种体育运动。空后从运动竞争规那么的角度讲述其原因。 故D项（但是，竞技啦啦队是一项体