2021版高考英语一轮复习语法动词的时态和语态课件新人教版

1、动词的时态和语态语法精讲跟踪训练语法精讲 细筛选巧拓展一、动词的时态考点一一般现在时1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常有often,usually, every day 等时间状语。 He always goes to school by bus. 他经常坐公交车去上学。 His father is a worker and doesnt smoke. 他父亲是一名工人,不吸烟。2.表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象,无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。 We learnt that the earth moves around the sun. 我们了解了地球绕着太阳转。3

2、.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。 My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa. 我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来看我。4.表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作,但限于少数动词。如begin,come,leave, go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close 等。 The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.每周三和周五航 班两点三十分起飞。考点二一般过去时1.表示过去的事情、动作或

3、状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境 有暗示)。 At that time,he worked as a teacher to support the family.那段时 间他靠教书养家。2.用于表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。 Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.迈克尔的父亲总是帮助穷人,因为他觉得这样让大家都更 开心。3.有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是“刚才,刚刚”发生,应使用 一般过去时。 I didnt know you were here

4、. 我不知道你在这里。 Sorry,I forgot to bring your book. 很抱歉,我忘记带你的书来了。4.在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said that he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不走了。考点三一般将来时1.willshall(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 He will travel around Europe this summer. 今年夏天他将环游欧洲。(2)表示临时性的决定。 Tom is ill and now in hospital. 汤姆生病住院了。 Really

5、? Ill see him. 真的?我要去看看他。2.be going to(1)表示按计划、打算做某事。计划可能用时较长,计划得比较正式、周密。 He is going to make a speech on TV this evening. 他今晚将在电视上发表演讲。(2)表示根据现在的迹象,对未来进行推测。 Look at the dark clouds.Its going to rain. 看这乌云,要下雨了。3.be about to 表示瞬间的将来(不与具体的时间状语连用)。 The train is about to start.火车就要发车了。特别提示 与并列连词when连用,

6、表示“正打算,这时”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出门,这时电话响了。4.be to do表示事先商定、安排确定要做的事情,尤其强调责任、义务等。As a citizen,you are to report it to the police.作为一个公民,你有责任向警方汇报此事。考点四现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态;表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存 在的状态。 Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. 快点!我们都等着你呢。 He is working in a factory

7、these days. 这些日子他在一家工厂工作。2.表示近期特定的安排或计划。 I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight. 我今晚要会见王先生。3.严格按照时间表发生的表“起、止”动作的动词或表位置转移的动词可用进 行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin, return等。 Tom is arriving in a few hours. 再过几个小时汤姆就到了。考点五过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在过去某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。 Did you catch what I said? 你听见我

8、说的话了吗? Sorry.I was answering a text message just now. 对不起,我刚才在回短信。 I was having a meeting this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在开会呢。2.过去的某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行,其中的持续性动作用过去进行时,短暂 性动作用一般过去时。 I was having dinner when you phoned. 你打电话时我正在吃饭。考点六将来进行时表示将来某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,这些常见的标志性状语有at this time t

9、omorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrow等。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon.今天下午两点钟我将正飞往北京。考点七现在完成时现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用:so far,recently,lately,oncetwicethree. times,before,ever,by now,in the lastpast few years,over a long time,up to now,yet,already,just,since。现在完成时主要用于以下几种情况:

10、1.表示过去已经发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。 I have known the answer now. 我现在已经知道答案了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,也可能持续下去的动作或状态。 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已经在这儿工作20多年了。 They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. 他们自从在一次会议上相遇就成了好朋友。3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。(1)It is (has been)+一段时间+since 从句This (ThatIt) is th

11、e first (second.) time+that从句(从句用现在完成时)This (ThatIt) is the bestfinestmost interesting.+that从句(从句用现在完成时)ItsIt has been 5 years since we last met.自从我们上次相遇到现在已经5年了。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们一家人第一次一起在电影院里看电影。This is the best film that Ive eve

12、r seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(2)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 你看完这本书后请还给我。考点八过去完成时1.过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或 状态持续到过去另一时间,还可能持续下去。 The train had left when I got to the station. 我到车站时火车已经开走了。特别提示 过去完成时表示的是过去的两个动作的对比,所以发生在过去的动作,不论发生了多久,如果没有与过去对比的关系,

13、就不宜用过去完成时。2.用在hardlyscarcelyrarely.when.和no sooner.than.句型中, 主句常用过去完成时,表示“一 就;刚就”。 I had hardly (no sooner) got home when (than) the rain poured down.=Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我刚到家雨就倾盆而下。3.有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。这类动词常见 的有:hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,su

14、ppose,want,think 等。 I had expected to pass the test. 我原认为可以通过这次考试。考点九现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。该时态特别 强调主观情绪。 The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 这个女孩对运动很感兴趣,最近三年来每周上两次羽毛球课。2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。 I have be

15、en calling him many times,but theres no answer.我给他打 了很多次电话,但目前一直没有收到答复。考点十将来完成时1.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成。 By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students. 到明年的这个时候,你们大家就都成了大学生了。2.多与by+将来的某个时间、this week等时间状语连用。二、动词的语态考点一被动语态的构成(以do为例)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般isamare donewaswere donewill

16、shall be donewouldshouldbe done进行isamare being donewaswere being done完成havehas been donehad been donewillshall have been donewouldshould have been done考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 The window is dirty. 窗户脏了。 I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好几周没擦了。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the

17、employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。特别提示 “get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。She got married last week.她上周结婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。3.主动形式表被动意义(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste等。

18、That food smells nice. 那食物味道很好闻。 This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫摸起来比那件衬衫柔软得多。(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,close,open,start,stop, shut,move 等,用主动表示被动。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 那家商店每天下午6点关门。 The football season finishes in May. 足球赛季在5月份结束。(3)表示主语的特征或性能的动词,如read,write,dry,

19、cut,draw,sell,wash, clean,wear等,用主动形式表示被动意义。注意这类动词一般不单独使用, 通常带有一个修饰语。 The books sell well.这些书畅销。 This coat dries easily. 这件外套容易干。(4)下列句子结构以主动形式表示被动概念 当逻辑主语、动词不定式、逻辑宾语都组合在一起时。 I have no books to read.我无书可读。 I found the lecture hard to understand. 我发现这个讲座很难懂。 在系表结构中,动词不定式作定语、表语或补语时。 The question is di

20、fficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。真题链接1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).(2019年6月浙江)2.One study in America found that students grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019年6月浙江)答案及剖析:1.has/will have考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时,主句

21、谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而句子主语nobody是第三人称单数,所以当句子为一般现在时态时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。2.improved考查过去时态。根据空前的谓语动词found可知,此处that引导的是宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据found和introduced可知,时态是一般过去时态,故填improved。3.You probably (use) caffeine since childhood.(2018年11月浙江)4.I still remember visiting (visit) a friend whod lived here for five yea

22、rs and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018年6月浙江)答案及剖析:3.have usedhave been using考查动词的时态。根据下文since childhood知,此处需要现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示“从过去开始的动作持续到现在并可能一直持续”,故填have usedhave been using。4.was shocked考查谓语动词。此处根据语意可知,我感到很震惊,故用被动语态,同时根据后面的learnt知,时态为过去时态,所以填was shocked。5.Picki

23、ng up her “lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene . (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019年全国)答案及剖析:5.declared考查时态。分析句子结构可知,句子主干中缺少谓语动词;结合后面的had可知,此处应使用一般过去时。跟踪训练 重实效冲高考.单句语法填空1.The problem is that once something (put) on the Internet, it can be difficult to remove

24、.(2019浙江台州高三上学期期末)答案及剖析:1.is put/has been put考查一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态。句意:问题是,一旦某样东西被放到互联网上,就很难删除。句子主语something为单数第三人称形式,和谓语动词put之间是被动关系,结合句意可知句子用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态,故答案为is put/has been put。2.“It gets to the point where theyre on the phone constantly and most of them (play) games all the time,” Pettit said.(2

25、019浙江杭州高三上学期模拟)3.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relationship is beneficial to the physical and mental growth of children,but keeping a healthy parent- child bond (need) the efforts of both parties.(2019浙江稽阳联谊学校高三下学期4月联考)答案及剖析:2.are playing考查谓语动词的用法。该空前有连词and,因此该空填动词的谓语形式,同时该句在引号里面,全句都用现在

26、范畴的时态,而all the time又表明该句意思是他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。表示现在的持续性动作。故填are playing。3.needs考查一般现在时。保持健康的亲子关系需要双方的努力。这是一种常态,用一般现在时。4.Mr.Perkins always (wear) the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.5.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that (leave) on the fo

27、otpath.(2019浙江丽水高三模拟)6.Three years ago,he (seek) assistance at a recovery center,the very large tent city in downtown LA.(2019浙江七彩阳光联盟高三上学期第二次联考)答案及剖析:4.wore根据句意和句子结构可知,此处所填单词作谓语动词,同时根据后面的ate可知,此处应该用一般过去时。5.had been left考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知,此处意为“被遗留”,故应采用被动语态。由前文“had found”可知,“be left”这个动作肯定发生在“said”这个动

28、作之前,甚至是“had found”之前,故应采用过去完成时。6.sought考查时态。句意:三年前,他在洛杉矶市中心的一个很大的帐篷城康复中心寻求帮助。根据Three years ago可知,句子用一般过去时态,故答案为sought。7.Meanwhile,as the construction goes on,more roads (build).8.Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion (输血) from her 5-year-old brother,who had miraculously surv

29、ived the same disease and (develop) the antibodies (抗体) needed to fight against the illness.(2019浙江台州 5月高三模拟)答案及剖析:7.will be built所填单词作谓语动词,同时和主语之间是被动关系。再根据句意,是将来时,故用一般将来时的被动语态。8.had developed考查时态。and连接两个并列的谓语动词had survived和had developed。这两个动作都发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。9.The film first appe

30、ared in China in August 2016.It will (translate) into 10 languages and released in 100 countries and regions in the near future.(2019浙江丽水、衢州、湖州三地市高三上学期教学质量检测)10.Another example is Albert Einstein, the father of modern physics.He (tell) that he would ever be a success at anything. 答案及剖析:9.be translat

31、ed考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:在不久的将来,它将被翻译成10种语言,并在100个国家和地区发行。此处It和translate之间是一种被动关系,结合句意应该用一般将来时的被动语态,助动词will已经给出,故答案为be translated。10.was toldhad been told考查过去时态的被动语态。He与tell之间是被动关系,由would判断事情发生在过去,所以用一般过去时或过去完成时的被动语态。11.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him,but I (change) my mind.12.Hurry up! Mark and Ca

32、rol (expect) us.13.This way,if someone (run)a search on you,the results will show them the content you most want them to see.(2019浙江台州高三上学期期末)答案及剖析:11.have changed考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。句意:我第一次见Bryan时我不喜欢他,但现在我已改变了看法。强调对现在的影响,用现在完成时。12.are expecting考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。句意:快点!Mark和Carol

33、正等着我们。根据句意应用现在进行时。13.runs考查时态。句意:这样,如果有人对你进行搜索,结果会显示你最想让他看到的内容。此处是if引导的条件状语从句,主句是一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时,且从句主语是someone,单数第三人称,故答案为runs。14.The villagers are very friendly.All the visitors to the village (treat) with kindness.15.Then he (hide) behind a tree and waited.16.The result also showed that the volunt

34、eers sleeping time (be) 20 minutes less around the nights of the full moon on average.(2019年2月浙江温州高考模拟)答案及剖析:14.are treated考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据上一句的时态可知用一般现在时,由于主语All the visitors和动词treat之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。15.hid考查谓语动词的用法。句意:于是,他躲在树后等待着。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据and后面的waited可知,与之并列的动作也发生在过去,须用一般过去

35、时。16.was考查谓语动词。that引导的宾语从句中缺少谓语动词,根据showed可知填was。17.The night (be) very dark.Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.18.You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan (discuss) there.答案及剖析:17.will be考查谓语动词的用法。句意:夜晚将会漆黑,一些邻居漆黑中过来就会被这块石头绊倒。分析句子结构

36、可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据后面句子中的will come along可知,指将会发生的情况。18.is being discussed考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,根据上一句的句意可知,正在会议室讨论一个秘密计划,因此用现在进行时,由于主语plan和动词discuss之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。19.I dont know if he will come.If he (come),Ill let you know.20.But the first piece of meat he took with the fork (fall) to the floor.

37、(2019浙江台州黄岩中学高三上学期第一次模拟)答案及剖析:es考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。20.fell考查时态。句意:但是他用叉子拿的第一块肉掉到了地板上。根据定语从句谓语动词took为一般过去时可知,主句谓语动词用一般过去时,故答案为fell。.语篇语法填空(2019高考英语浙江专用精准提分练) This summer,eight pupils travelled to China to participate in the Chinese Bridge Summer Immersion(深入) Course

38、 at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.From the 10th27th July,my classmates and I had a fantastic experience during which we spent 17 days 1. (become) truly immersed in the Chinese culture.One important aspect of our journey was daily 2. (visit) to Tianjin Foreign Studies University.Each day we took

39、 part in a Mandarin(普通话) course 3. we learned useful vocabulary to help us throughout our trips.We also had the opportunity to have 4. taste of different Chinese cultural activities like Beijing Opera mask painting,paper cutting and many more exciting activities.These allowed us to have a much 5. (deep) understanding of the culture of China and the traditions of the country.6. the end of our time in the city of Tianjin before moving on to Beijing,we all took p