限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分限制性定语从句供应有关主语或宾语的重要信息,起限定作用, 与被修饰部分的关系紧密,假如省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整；例如：This is the very person that is wanted by the police He is the man who /that lives next door It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at the time 非限制性定语从句只是用来对被修饰部分作补充性的说明,与先行词关系比较松散,先行词与从句间可以用逗号隔开,从句可略去：He

2、will not be able to spend the holiday with his family, which is a big annoyance to him. The minister, who is to visit our university, is said to be a Qinghua University graduate. The book, which your sister bought you in Xinhua Bookstore, is very useful in improving your spoken English. The business

3、man, whosesuitcase has been found by a stranger , has left for Beijing. 假如定语从句的先行词是专出名词或是带有形容词性物主代词 my, his, etc或形容词性指示代词 this, that, etc作限定词的名词词组,其后的定语从 句通常为非限制性的；例如：The Thames, which is now clean enough to swim in , was polluted for over a hundred years. My mother, whohas been on a visit to Austra

4、lia , will fly back tomorrow. All of these books, which have been donated by visiting professors , are to be used by the children in Hope School. 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词,代词或名词性词组, 而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了是名词及名词性词组外,仍可能是句子的一部分或是整个句子；例如：They say he plays truant, whichhe doesn. which 指代 plays truant The meeting was pu

5、t off till next month, aswe hoped. as 指前面的句子 下面的表格归纳了前面已提到的两者不同之处：表一： 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句1供应确定或限定主句中某个名词的信1供应对确定主句中某个名词的非主要附息；加信息；2由深层嵌入句派生而来；3无分隔定语从句和主句和停顿或特殊2由两个独立的深层嵌入句派生而来；3书面语中用逗号,口语中用特殊的停顿标点符号（逗号/插入语 /破折号）；和降低声调来把定语从句和主句分隔开来；4不行以修饰整个命题,只修饰一个名4可以修饰一个中心名词,或以评判的形词；式修饰整个命题；wh- 代5可使

6、用 that 和 whom,which 等关系代5That 不能当作关系代词,只可用词；词；6不常用来修饰专出名词；6既可修饰一般名词,也可修饰专出名词；7可修饰带有any 或 every 等类属限定7不行修饰带有any 或 every 等类属限定词的中心名词；词的中心名词；3.2 定语从句中的关系代词3.2.1 关系代词 that, which, who在定语从句中做主语 在限制性定语从句中, who 或 that 用于指人, that 或 which 用于指物,它们在定语从句中代替名词性主语或代词性主语,不能省略；例如：He is the man who/thatlives here. 不

7、能说： He is the man who he lives here. The bag whichthat has been put there for a long time belongs to Wang Hong3.2.2 whom, which, that在定语从句中作宾语 表示人的时候用 whom或 that, 它们在从句中代替名词性宾语或宾格代词,作定语从句宾语的whom/that 通常可以省略,在口语中常用who 代替whom；例如：Hes the man whom/ thatI met. There are some people here whoI want you to

8、meet.表示动物和东西的时候应用 which/that: The pieces of music that he has composedare sung by many pop singers. Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their governmentTheyre the postcards whichI sent from America. 3.2.3 whom, which或 that 作介词的宾语,关系代词可省略；定语从句的介词的位置特殊重要,我们可以说：He is the person to whomI w

9、rote. 特殊正式用法 但不行以说： to who. 或： He is the person who m I wrote to. /He is the person whom I wrote to. This is the pan in whichI boiled the milk. 特殊正式用法 或： This is the pan whichI boiled the milk in. / This is the pan that/whichI boiled the milk in. 3.2.4 whose + 名词关系代词 whose是既可用于限制性定语从句, 也可用于非限制性定语从句,

10、在从句中作定语,一般用来指人,代替全部格形容词（my, his, your, her, its 等）,在从句中当定语,没有阴性、阳性或单数、复数的变化；有时也可指物,指物时可以用of which 代替；例如：The professor whosedaughter teaches you Englishis Dr. Williams. The bicycle whose brake was damagedhas now been repaired. =The bicycle, the brake of whichwas damaged, has now been repaired. Edison

11、 is a great inventor whosefameis world-wide. 3.2.5 that 的用法 1、that 只用于限制性定语从句, 既可指人,又可指物, 在句中用做主语或宾 语；（见 3.2.1、3.2.2）2、当先行词是 all, much,little, the one, anything, something, nothing, everything, none等不定代词时,关系代词只用 that；例如：There is little that can be done about it Thats all that I knew about it. Is the

12、re anything that I can do for you. Have you done everything that is assigned to you3、先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰时,关系代词只用 that；例如：It is the most interesting film that I ve ever readThe best thingthat he could do at present is to leave. This is the first time that

13、 he has been there. She is the only onethat has finished her task on time At the very beginning, we have just too much work that needs to be done4、在 there be 句型中,只用 that, 不用 which；例如：There are some people that I d like to introduce to youThere is a very interesting story that every child would like

14、to listen to 5、先行词既有人,又有物时,用 that；例如：A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc The man and his dog that were napping outside the room were photographed by the journalist.6、在 “ It is + 名词 + 定语从句1 + 定语从句 2”的强调结构中,从句2 要用that；例如：It is always the mouth which talks too much

15、 that incurs troubles.（言多必 失；）It is only a man who is quite experienced that can fulfill this task.3.2.6 which 的用法 1、which 一般只用于指物 a,有时也用来指性别不明的婴儿 b；例如：a: The tiles whichfell off the roof caused serious damage. b: The baby whichthe nurse has just brought inis John s child.2、假如指物的关系代词紧跟在介词后面,只能用 whic

16、h,不能用 that；例 如：This is the housein whichshe spent her childhood.The agencyfrom whichwe bought our ticketsis bankrupt. 3、引导非限制性定语从句时,用来指物替代名词词组；例如：This book, which has only been reviewed , was published a year ago. 4、替代整个句子或句子的一部分：The meeting has been put off till next Friday,which is good news to th

17、em.指代整个主句 She said that her son would become a scientist, which we thought possible. 指代 that 分句 She is very attentive in class, which he rarely is. 指代整个短语 3.2.7 as的用法1、as引导限制性定语从句时, 常与 such或 the same连用,构成 the same as; such as结构, as用于代替指人或物的先行词；例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods asshe cooked me.

18、Such books asthere were on the shelf interested us. I have got into the same trouble ashe has.试比较 the same as和 the same that：This is the same bookasI read last week.（这和我上周读的那本书是一 样的；）This is the same book that I read last year. （这就是我上周读的那本 书；）假如先行词表示抽象概念,就没有这种区分,例如：She told me the same story as/thatshe had told you. I had the same difficulty that/asyou had last year. 在 asso as结构中,后面的as也是关系代词,例如：We took as many menas could be permitted to attend the meeting You can stay here as long as you like. Things do not go on as smoothlyaswe hoped. 2、