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1、形容词和副词之迟辟智美创作一、形容词形容词修饰名词/不定代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征.一般放所修饰名词前作定语,也可自力作表语/宾补等1、作定语: this is an interesting story. kitty is a clever cat.2、作表语: Yao Ming is very tall. our classroom is big and bright.3、作宾补: dont make your hands dirty.were trying to make ourschool beautiful.可将形容词分成 性质形容词+叙述形容词,纷歧建都放在名词前面.1、直接说明
2、事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变动,可以用水平副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语.例如:hot热的.2、叙述形容词 只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词.这类形容词没有级的变动,也不成用水平副词修饰.年夜大都以a开头的形容词都属于这一类.例如:afraid害怕的.(错) He is an ill man.(对) The man is ill.(错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid.这类词还有: well , unwell , ill , faint , afraid , alike , alive , alone, as
3、leep, awake 等.3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边.可是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词后.例如:something nice二、以-ly结尾的形容词1、年夜部份形容词加-ly可构成副词.但friendly , deadly, lovely, lonely,likely , lively , ugly , brotherly ,仍为形容词.改错:(错) She sang lovely.(错) He spoke to me very friendly.(对) Her singing was lovely.(对) He spoke to me in a
4、 very friendly way.2、有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词 .daily, weekly , monthly , yearly , early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.三、用形容词暗示类别和整体1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人,谓语用复数.如:the dead, theliving , the rich, the poor, the blind , the hungry.The poor are losinghope.2、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词复数
5、 连用.the British , the English , the French, the Chinese.The English havewonderful sense of humor.四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序:限定词-数词-描绘词-(年夜小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)-由处-资料性质,类别) a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car五、形容词与副
6、词的比力级年夜大都形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比力级和最高级的变动,即原 级、比力级和最高级,用来暗示事物的品级分歧.原级即形容词的原形,比力级和最高级有规则变动和不规则变动两种.1)规则变动单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er, -est来构成比力级和最高级构成法原级比力级最tWj级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的)great(巨年夜的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少 数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的);large(年夜 的)able (有能力的)Nicer ; larger ablerNicest
7、; largestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾辅音字母,再加 -er ,-estbig(年夜的) hot (热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er , -esteasy(容易的) busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er , -ow 结尾的双日ij 词未尾加-er , -estclever(聪慧的) narrow(窄的)cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest具他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加 more , most 来构成比力级
8、和最高 级.important(重要的) easily(容易地)more importantmore easilyMostimportant most easily2、不规则变动原级比力级最高级good(好的);well(健康的)betterbestbad (坏的);ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容词变副词方式:1、在形容词词尾直接加-ly ,构成副词.如:usua
9、l-usually, bad-badly等.注:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加 -ly可以转化为形容词 如:sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely 等.2、以“辅音 字母+ y”结尾的单词,变 y为i,再加-ly ,如:hea vy-heavily, happy-happily 等,而且要注意这些单词的变动:polite-politely, true-truly,terrible-terribly 等.二、副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,在句子中作状语或表语的一类词.一、分类:时间副词(now, today,
10、early, sometimes, already 等);地址副词 (outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home 等);方式副词(quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily 等);水平副词 (very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等);疑问副词( when, where, why, how, how long, how often 等);关系副词( when, where, why, how 等)一、副词的位置:1、在动词之前.2、在be动词、助动词之后.3、多个助动词时,副词一
11、般放 在第一个助动词后.汪息:a.年夜大都方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词 well, badly 糟、坏,hard 等只放在句尾.He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序:1)时间,地址副词,小单元的在前,年夜单元在后2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用 and或but等连词连接.Please write slowly and carefully.3)多个分歧副词排列:水平 +地址+方式+时间副词.注意:副词very可以修饰
12、形容词,但不能修饰动词.改错:(错)I very like English.( 对)I like English very much.注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可.I dont know him well enough.2、There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.as+形容词或副词原级+as1、在否定句或疑问句中可用so as.He cannot run so/as fast as you.2、当asas中间有名词时采纳以下
13、格式.as +形容词+ a +双数名词;as +many/much + 名词This is as good an example as the other is.2、 I can carry as much paper as you can.3、用暗示倍数的词或其他水平副词做修饰语时,放在 as的前面.This room is twice as big as that one.2、Your room is the same size as mine.4、倍数 + as + adj. + as 倍数 + then + of This bridge is three times as long a
14、s that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.比力级形容词或副词+thanYou are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.汪息:1)要防止重复使用比力级.(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clev
15、er than his brother.(对)He is clever than his brother. TOC o 1-5 h z 2)要防止将主语含在比力对象中.(错)China is larger that any country in Asia.( 对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry
16、 it out.4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词比力: Which is large, Canada or Australia?2、Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters. 2、 She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比力级的词a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still,
17、even 等2)还可以用暗示倍数的词或怀抱名词作修饰语3)以上词(除by far)外,必需置于比力级形容词或副词的前面.典范例题:- Are you feeling? - Yes , Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better 谜底:B. any 可修饰比力 级,quite修饰原级,well的比力级为better.The experiment was easier than we had expected.A.moreB.much more C.muchD.more much谜底:C.much可修饰比力级,
18、因此 B, C都说得通,但 easier自己已是比 力级,不需 more,因此C为正确谜底.If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier timemany, old 和 far1)如果后接名词时,much more +不成数名词many more +可数名词复数old 有两种比力级和最高级形式:older/oldest 和 elder/eldest. elder, el
19、dest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系.My elder brother is an engineer. 2、 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.far有两种比力级,farther, further.在英语中两者都可指距离 .在美语中,father暗示距离,further暗示进一步.I have nothing further to say.2、already 和 yet 的区别:already用于陈说句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,;yet用来谈莫事在预料之中,用于疑问句时译为“已经”,用在否定句中译为“尚 未, 还 没 有 , 一般都 放
20、于 句 末. 如: the train has already arrived. i have already read the book.the+最高级+比力范围1、The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必需用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用.形容词most前面没有the,不暗示最高级的含义,只暗示 非常”.It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比力范围内.(错)Tom is the tallest
21、 of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2、下歹U词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意:a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much分歧.This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级.Africa is the second largest continent.3、句型转换:Mike is the most
22、 intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4)否定词语+比力级,否定词语+ soas结构暗示最高级含义.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和more有关的词组1、the more the more 越就越The harder you work , the greaterprogress youll make.2、more B than A 与其说 A 不如说 B ; less A than BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.no more than 与一样,不比多 The officials could seeno more than the Emperor.3-2、 no less than与样He is no less diligent than you.more than 不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all.典范例题T
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