中国文化通览习题

1、Quiz1(ChapterOne)PartOneTorFQuestions:(10%)1.ChinasancientcivilizationoriginatedmainlyintheYellowRiverValleyandtheYangtzeRiverValley.()2.InPrimitivesociety,threetypesofregionaleconomyfarming,pasturageandfishinggraduallycameintoexistence.()3.IntheQinDynasty,Taoismcameintobeing.()4.Buddhismwasintroduc

2、edtoChinainmiddleoftheHanDynasties.()5.ThefourgreatinventionsallappearedinSongDynasty.()6.Menciussupposedthateverymaniskindbynature.()TheFiveClassicsincludesTheBookofSongs,CollectionsofAncientTexts,TheRites,TheBookofChangesandTheBookofAnalectsbyConfucius.()8.SituatedinthecontinentofSoutheastAsia,Chi

3、naislocatedinrelativelyenclosedgeographicalsurroundings.()9.TheuniquethinkingpatternoftheChinesearethedialecticalthinkingandthethinkinginthemodeofConfucianclassics(study).10.ThescrollofpaintingentitledTheFestivalofPureBrightnessontheRiverpresentedavividpanoramaofthetownlifeinTangDynasty.()PartTwoBla

4、nkfilling:(30%)Thecultureincludesthe_and_aswellastheirmaterializedpresentations._,_,_and_wereregardedasthefourgreatestclassicalnovelsinChineseculture.ThemainstreamoftheancientChineseculturewasbasedonthe_.ThestructureoftheChinesecultureistypicalof_.Theagriculturalsociety,whichlastedforseveralthousand

5、years,with_intheleadingposition,exertedastronginfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheChineseculture.TherealisticlifetheChinesewereafterwasto“keepyourfamilyinorder,governthestateeffectivelyand_”.LaoZisidealsocietyis_.8.Themajorproductivemodewasthenaturalfamilyeconomywiththeman_andthewomanweavingathome.9.Inter

6、msoftheirworldviewandphilosophyoflife，theChinesedevelopedarationalnationofseekingforharmonyand_aswellasanoptimisticsentimenttobecontentwithoneslot.10.ThecoreoftheConfucianideologyis_and_.PartThreeTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)文化交融，政治一致劝农抑商推陈出新炎黄后代甲骨文焚书坑儒消灾祈福性善论时来运转普天之下，难道王土，率土之滨，难道王臣Theroles

7、agricultureplayedinancientChina.(5%)HowcantheChineseculturebetheonlyonethathaslastedforthousandsofyearswithoutsuspension?(10%)3.WhydidChineseupholdthenotionof“onenessofman(7%)andnature”?4.HowdidConfucianismandTaoismexplain“Heaven(8%)”respectively?5.Explain“thegoldenmean(10%)”.Quiz1(Key)PartOneTorFQu

8、estions:(10%)TTFQinDynasty改为HanDynastyTF更正：Threegreatinventions(theartofprinting,themakingofthegunpowderandcompass)appearedinSongDynasty.TFTheBookofAnalectsbyConfucius改为TheSpringandAutumnAnnalsFSoutheastAsia改为EastAsiaTFTangDynasty改为SongDynastyspiritualculture,behavioralcultureTheRomanceoftheThreeKin

9、gdoms,HeroesoftheMarshes,PilgrimagetotheWest,ADreamofRedMansionsagriculturalcivilizationintegratedpluralismthesmall-scalepeasanteconomybringpeacetotheworldasmallstatewithasmallpopulationcultivatingthelandmaintaining,equilibriumpropriety,benevolencePartThreeTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)cultu

10、ralfusionandpoliticalunityencouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommercediscardingtheoldandembracingthenewthedescendantsofYandiandHuangditheinscriptionsontortoiseshellsoranimalbonesburningbooksandburyingConfucianscholarsaliveavertingcalamitiesandprayingforblessingsthetheoryoforiginalgoodnessofhumannatureOuto

11、fdepthofmisfortunecomesbliss.10.Allthelandunderthesunbelongstotheking;allthepeoplewithinthiscountryarethekingssubjects.1.TherolesagricultureplayedinancientChina.(5%)AgriculturewasfundamentaltothedevelopmentofancientChina.ItisinstrumentalinmoldingthebasicsocialoutlookofancientChina.Agricultureshapedt

12、hepoliticalsystemandideology:encouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommerce.(P3)2.HowcantheChineseculturebetheonlyonethathaslastedforthousandsofyearswithoutsuspension?(10%)Itisattributedtoitsinnatestructureofintegratedpluralismandessentialqualityofaself-confidentmagnanimity.“Pluralismthe”:factthatChinesecult

13、ureisablendingofsomanydifferentculturesandculturesfromextraneousplaces.“Integratedvarious”:culturesmeltintoaunity,formingadistinctlyChineseculturewithcommonvalues.Withtheabilitytodiscardtheoldandembracethenew,theChineseculturecanabsorbforeignculturesconstantlyandhassurvivedallkindsofordealsandturmoi

14、l.(P4)3.WhydidChineseupholdthenotionof“onenessofmanandnature”?(7%)Becausetheagriculturalproductionreliedheavilyontheblessingofnature;thereforethepremiseofitssuccesslayincomplyingwithfarmingseasonsandhavingfavorableweather;henceemergedtheinitialideaofharmonyofmanwithnature,whichemphasizedtheharmonyan

15、dtheinseparablerelationshipbetweenmanandnature.(P13)4.HowdidConfucianismandTaoismexplain“Heaven”(8%)respectively?InConfucianism,Heavenmeansthemoralizationofpersonality,indicatingsublimemoralityandspirit.Confucianismstressesmoralcultivation.InTaoism,itmeansthenaturalizationofpersonality,apristineandn

16、aturalspiritinitsoriginalstate.Taoismreturnstothenature.(P13)5.Explain“thegoldenmean.”(10%)1)ZhongyongorthegoldenmeaniscomposedoftwoChinesecharacters.Zhongmeansneithertoomanynortoofew,neithertoomuchnortoolittle;yongmeansneitheroutstandingnorcommon.Inotherwords,whateveryoudoandwhomeveryouhappentodeal

17、with,youshouldalwaysadheretothisprinciple.(P97)2)Thegoldenmeanisamethodology.Itstressestheunityofopposites(矛盾的对峙一致),likethatofbenevolenceandritesinpolitics,povertyandwealthineconomy,righteousnessandinterestsinethics,teachingandlearningaswellaslearningandthinkingineducation,moralintegrityandability,p

18、olishandsubstanceaswellasforceandgraceinthemoldingofpersonality.Itattemptstoseekarelativeequilibriumbetweentwocontradictorysides.Itisfortheimpartial(不偏不倚)andmildbutagainsttheextreme.(P13)Quiz2(ChapterFive)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.TheBookofPoetryiscompiledbyConfucius.()2.TheBookofRitesmainlydiscus

19、sestheprinciplesofconductofthescholar-bureaucrats.()3.TheBookofHistoryisthesourceofnarrativewritinginChina.()4.KunOperawasgraduallyonthewanebecauseitwasonlyenjoyedbythenoblesintheroyalcourt,notthegeneralpublic.()5.AccordingtoTheDoctrineoftheMean,loyalty,filialpiety,benevolenceandproprietyareallparts

20、ofhumannature.()6.WhileConfuciusadvocated“killingoneselfforyi”,Menciusencouraged“killingoneselfforren”.()7.isacollectionofthesayingandteachingsofConfucius.()TheConfucianAnalects8.TheDoctrineoftheMeanisanotheressayinTheBookofRites,whichisabouttheConfucianPhilosophyoflife.()9.Ofalltypesofthetraditiona

21、lChinesepaintings,figurepaintinghasthemostcognitiveandinstructivesignificance.()10.TraditionalChineseflower-and-birdpaintingembodiestheaestheticrelationshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandnaturalbeing.()11.LandscapepaintingistheearliestkindoftraditionalChinesepainting.()12.OuyangXun,YanZhenqing,LiuGongqua

22、noftheTangDynastyandZhaoMengfuoftheYuanDynastyarecollectivelyknownasthe“FourGreatMastersoftheRegular()Script”.13.Chinesecalligraphyhasfivemajorscripts.()TraditionalChinesefigurepaintingsaredividedintofourmajorcategories:gongbi,xieyi,baimiao,pomo.()15.TheFourBooksreferstoTheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineo

23、fTheMean,TheConfucianAnalectsandTheWorksofMencius.()16.TheSpringandAutumnAnnalsisacanonicalbookofhistory.()17.TheBookofHistoryisacompletecollectionofthehistoryancientChina.()18.YiChingisabookusedfortheinterpretationofYiZhuan.()19.TheDoctrineoftheMeanisasisterchaptertoTheGreatLearning.()20.Artisticco

24、nceptionisthesouloftraditionalChineselandscapepainting.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(40%)1.TheFirstmajorcollectionofChinesepoemsis_.2.Thecoreofrenis“_or”“_.”Calligraphyisknownforitsbeautifulshape,_andartisticconception.XiYincanbeclassifiedintoofficialsealsand_.AccordingtotheConfucianscholarsoftheSongDynast

25、y,whileTheGreatLearningis_,TheDoctrineoftheMeanteaches_.TheFourTreasuresoftheStudyare_,ink-stick,paperand_.Sealcutting,thoughbasedon_,isacomparativelyindependenttraditionalartform.TheGreatLearningisaboutthe_andthewisdomsof_duringthe“daxue”periodofancientChina.9.Subjectsasplums,_,bambooand_becamevery

26、popularamongtheliteratipainters.TheBookofRitesincludesYiLi,ZhouLiand_.Accordingtotheperformancestyle,BeijingOperacanbedividedinto_,whicharecharacterizedbysingingandacting,and“martialones,”whichfeatureacrobaticsandstunts.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithout_.TheFourBooksandTheF

27、iveClassicsareamustforancientscholarswhohadtopassthe_tobecomegovernmentofficials.YiZhuanputsforwardan_,regardingtaijiortheSupremeUltimateasthe“primarybeginning”ortheoriginofeverythinginthisworld.Yiis_undertheguidanceofren.PartThreeTranslation(30%)SectionA:Translationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)1.祭歌2.

28、东方思想模式3.悲天悯人，人皆有之4.霸王别姬5.脸谱6.闲情逸致的仕女仁者乐山，智者乐水寄物言志9.楷书10.文化代码SectionB:Translationofthefollowingparagraph(10%)京剧是一门文雅的古典艺术，是中华民族文化的珍宝，是中国的国粹。京剧艺术的历史悠长，积厚流光，内容丰厚，形式完满，风格独到，直到现在日，还能令无数中外观众为之倾倒。京剧剧目丰富多彩，目不暇接。依据不一样标准，从不一样的角度，可区分为不一样的种类。PartFourQuestions:(10%)ExplaintheconceptofrenandyiinTheConfucianAnalec

29、ts.Quiz2(Key)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)FKey：TheBookofPoetryisnotcompiledbyConfucius.TTTFKey：propriety改为love6.FKey：WhileConfuciusadvocated“killingoneselfforren”,Menciusencouraged“killingoneselfforyi”.FKey：Confucius改为Confuciusandhisdisciples.TTTFKey：Landscapepainting改为Figurepainting.TTFKey：four改为five，

30、pomo后加上jianbi.TTFKey：complete改为incomplete.FKey：YiChing与YiZhuan的地点交换.TTTheBookofPoetryThebenevolentloveothers,universalloverichemotionprivatesealsagatewaytoperfectvirtue,thewaysoftheworldthewritingbrush,ink-slabChinesecalligraphycultivationofonesmoralcharacter,governingacountryorchids,chrysanthemumsL

31、iJi“civil”piecesprinciplesimperialcompetitiveexaminationontologicaltheorythecodesofconductPartThreeTranslation(30%)SectionA:Translationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)sacrificialsongsorientalmodeofthinkingAllmenhavenaturalsympathies.FarewellMyConcubinefacialmake-upleisurelyandcarefreebeautiesAtruemanlove

32、sthemountains;awisemanlovesthesea.expressingideasthroughcertainobjectsRegularScriptculturaltokensSectionB:Translationofthefollowingparagraph(10%)BeijingOperaisarefinedclassicalart.ItisatreasureoftheChinesenationaswellasaculturalsymbolofChina.Richincontent,perfectinformanduniqueinstyle,BeijingOpera,w

33、ithalonghistory,isstillenjoyedbyalargeChineseaudience.ThereisalonglistofBeijingOperaswithawiderangeofsubjects.BeijingOperacanbedividedintodifferenttypesaccordingtodifferentcriteriaorapproaches.PartFourQuestions:(10%)(1)Renorhumanityorbenevolenceisrichincontent,andvariedinform.Thecoreoftheconceptis“T

34、hebenevolentloveothers”oruniversallove,whichisthebasicvirtueentlemofangofnoblecharacter.Confuciusbelievesthatbeingbenevolentdoesnotmeanbeingwithoutprinciples.Oneshouldbeclearaboutwhattoloveorhate.RenistheNo.1principleofbeingadecentman.Itisactuallytheessenceofliandyue.(2)Apartfromren,Confuciusputforw

35、ardanotherconcept,whichisyiorrighteousness.Yiisthecodesofconductundertheguidanceofren.Quiz3(ChapterSix)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.Wushubegantotakeshapeinthestruggleofthepeopleagainstnature.()2.TheearliestembroideryunearthedsofardatesbacktotheWarringStatesPeriod.()3.Chinesechessoriginatesfromancient

36、andyigames,bothofwhichbowereintellectualboardgameswidespreadduringtheQinperiod.()4.Itisgenerallybelievedthatfirecrackersdevelopedfromfireworks.()5.InChina,tug-ofwaroriginatedintheWarringStatesPeriod.()6.Block-printedChineseNewYearpicturesfallintofourgroupschubbybabies,figuresofladies,commoncustoms,a

37、ndlegendarystories.()Folkspinningandweavinghaveundergonethreeimportanthistoricalphasesintheirlonghistoryofdevelopment.Namely,cottonfabricperiod,silkfabricperiodandflaxfabricperiodsequentially.()About3000yearsago,thedragondancewasperformedwhenpeopleofferedsacrificestoHeaven.()9.Chinesechesshas16piece

38、sofchessoneachside.()10.InmanypartsofChina,paper-cuttingskillhasbecomeamustforwomen,oldandyoung,andthesymbolofaclevermindandnimblefingersforChineseladiesasawhole.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)Thefourmajorschoolsofembroideryaresu,_,yueandxiang.Fromtheperspectiveoftechniques,themostrepresentativeofChinas

39、printinganddyeinghandiworkareprintinganddyeing,_and_.Followingthetraditionof_inChineseculture,thekiteartisansorcraftsmeninWeifanghaveinventedthe“dragon-headedcentipede”.4.TheChinesewords“tao”(ceramics)arethegeneraltermforci_and_together.Paper-cut,atraditionalChinesefolkart,takesthescissorsorengravin

40、gknifeasthetooland_asthematerialtocutvariousmotifsorpatterns.Fireworksareprimarilyknownfor_whilefirecrackersforloudsound.7.Lanternshowisthemajorfolkactivityof_oryuanxiaoJie.Usually,theshehuoshowincludes_,horse-riding,liondances,dragondancesandtheland-boatyangge.PartThreeMultiplechoice(30%)1.Whenwere

41、ChinesekitesintroducedtoKorea,Japan,MalaysiaandsomeothercountriesbeforetheywerebroughttoEuropeandAmerica?A.aftertheTangDynastyB.aftertheMingDynastyC.aftertheQingDynastyD.aftertheSongDynasty2.Nowadayspaper-cutartisansfallintotwogroups.Whatarethey?A.artisticandprofessionalB.simpleandamateurC.sophistic

42、atedandartisticD.professionalandamateurEachclanadoptedtheimageofananimalasitsemblemandthisbecametheclanstotem.Andwhoadoptedthedragonasthetotemofhistribe?A.EmperorWudiofHanDynastyB.thefirstemperorinQindynastyC.EmperorHuangdiD.EmperorYandi4.Fromtheperspectiveofactingstyles,liondancecanbecategorizedint

43、otwotypes.Whatarethey?A.strongandwildB.gentleandwildC.simpleandcomplexD.quietandstrong5.FivekilnsstoodoutasmostprestigiousintheSongDynasty.WhichprovincewasDingKilnin?A.ZhejiangB.JiangxiC.HebeiD.Henan6.Firecrackersaregenerallysubdividedintothreecategories,whichonebelowarenotincluded?A.single-bangfire

44、crackersB.cannonadecrackersC.groundfireworksD.double-bangfirecrackers7.Wushucanbedividedintothreeparts,whichoneisnotincluded?A.QuanshuB.QixieC.DuilianD.Sanda8.PotteryhasalonghistoryinChina.Itwasinventedin_.A.theEastZhouperiodB.theearlyNewStoneAgeC.theWestZhouperiodD.ShangDynasty_referstoafolkhandicr

45、aftofhand-weavingrattanorcanetomakehouseholdwareandartisticwork.A.WoodcarvingB.bamboowareC.RattanbasketworkD.wickerwork10.Whichoneisnotfolkhandicraft?A.Paper-cutB.TextileC.LanternshowD.CeramicsPartFourTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)1.兵马俑2.青瓷3.唐三彩4.紫沙壶金缕玉衣6.避邪7.玉佩8.双面绣9.腰鼓十八般武艺PartFiveQuestion

46、s:(10%)ExplainYuan“Xiao”.Quiz3(Key)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)TTFQinperiodpre-QinperiodFfirecrackers和fireworks交换FtheWarringStatesPeriodtheSpringandAutumnPeriodTFcottonfabricperiod和flaxfabricperiod交换TTTPartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)shuwax-dyeing,tie-dyeingdragonworshippottery,porcelaincoloredpapercolorfuls

47、parksLanternfestivalstilt-walkingPartThreeMultiplechoice(30%)1-5ADCBC6-10CDBCCPartFourTranslationoftheusefulexpressions(20%)terracottawarriorsandhorsesblueporcelaintricoloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynastytheboccaroteapotjadeclothessewnwithgoldthreadanti-eviljadependentdouble-facedembroiderywaistdrumd

48、anceskillinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsPartFiveQuestions:(10%)ExplainYuan“Xiao”.Thenamederivesitselffromthefactthatthefirstlunarmonthiscalledyuanmonthandintheancienttimespeoplecallednightxiao.The15thdayisthefirstnighttoseeafullmoon.SothedayisalsocalledYuanxiaoFestival,whenthousandsofcolorfullanternsh

49、ungoutforpeopletoappreciate.Atthistime,peoplewilltrytosolvethepuzzlesonthelanternsandeatyuanxiaoandgetalltheirfamiliesunitedinthejoyfulatmosphere.Quiz4(ChapterSeven)PartOneTorFQuestions:(20%)1.Zhengjiangcuisinehasadishcalled“happiness(andlongevity)”.2.InancientChina,therewererulesaboutdrinkingwine.F

50、orexample,themouthofthewinebottleshouldntbepointedtowardthemostseniorpeople.()3.InancientChina,beforemarriage,abridegroomsfamilywouldconductthe“teaaccepting”,andthebridesfamily“teagiftgiving()”.4.StudyofancientChinesedocumentshowstheXingoriginallyreferredtothenamesofdifferentpatrilinealtribes.()5.Ch

51、opsticksupperpartsareroundandlowerpartssquare(.)6.Originallyteawasusedasamedicineinsteadofdrink.()7.ShididnotchangewhileXingchangedandsometimeschangedmorethanonce.()8.Shioriginallyreferredtotheclannamesofthenobility,anditsuggestedapersonssocialstatus.()9.TheSpringFestivalfallsonthefirstdayofthefirst

52、monthaccordingtothesolarcalendar.()10.IntheancientChinesecalendricsystem,thedesignationofyearsbyHeavenlyStemsandEarthlyBranchesdemonstratestheuniqueculturalcharacteristics.()PartTwoBlankfilling:(20%)1.Madeoftendertealeaves(shoots),longjingteahasthefollowingfourcharacteristicsgreenincolor,_,sweetinta

53、steand_.Accordingtofolkcustoms,achildwasgivenamingbyhisfatherwhenitwas_monthold,andamangothisziwhenhewas_yearsold.Chinesefestivalsoriginatedfromtheancient_.Inthepast,Chinesepeopleoftensataroundaso-called_,atablewitharectangulartop,normallywitheightseatsaroundit.ThemainvarietiesofChineseteaaregreente

54、a,blacktea,scentedtea,_andtightlycompressedtea.Ancientxinghadtwosources,onewasthenameoftheplaceswheretheancienttribeslived,theothersourcewas_.TodayaChinesepersonsnameconsistsof_andagivenname.Duringtheperiodofdrinking,peopleoftenplayed_.1.Itisgenerallyheldthatchopsticksbegantobecalledkuaizisincethe_.

55、OolongteatreeswerefirstfoundonWuyiMountainin_._isthemostpopularamongscentedtea._,DoubleNinthFestivalwasofficiallydefinedastheChineseFestivalforSeniorCitizens.A.IntheQingDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.In1989D.IntheYuanDynasty5.Fromthescientificpointofview,theearliestwinewas_.A.grainwineB.anaturallyfermentedfruitwineC.twicefermente