英语简单句五种基本句型市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、高中英语语法复习专题英语句子概论第1页1. 句子成份主语:谓语:宾语:宾语补足语:表语:表示句子说是什么人或什么事,由名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子充当位于句首。说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样由动词或动词词组充当, 位于主语后。表示动作行为对象,通常位于及物动词和介词后面。 补充宾语成份,通常位于宾语后。由形容词，名词，介词短语等充当。说明主语性质或特征,位于系动词之后。以上成份称为基本句子成份。完整句子普通最少包含2-4个基本成份。第2页定语：修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语定语可由以下等成份表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a dev

2、eloping country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn Englis

3、h.Tom is a boy who likes music very much.（形容词）（分词）（名词）（代词）（不定式）（动名词）（介词短语）（从句）第3页状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份，叫做状语。通常有副词，介词短语和从句充当状语种类以下：How about meeting again at six?Last night she didnt go to the dance party because ofthe rain.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.Mr Smith lives on the third fl

4、oor.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）第4页She put the eggs into the basket with great care.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.She works very hard though she is old.I am taller than he is.方式状语伴随状语目状语结

5、果状语让步状语比较状语第5页同位语: 对其前面名词代词做深入解释. That is Mr. Chen, our English teacher. 插入语: 对一句话作一些附加解释. To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.定语，状语，同位语及插入语能够称为从属句子成份。第6页2.句子分类分类说明例句简单句由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语组成句子。即一套主谓关系。1. Tom and I found her there. 2. We all breathe, eat and work.并列句由并列连词（and,so,but, or等）把两个或两

6、个以上简单句连在一起而构成句子。1. He likes eggs, but he doesnt like chickens.2. Work hard or you will fall behind.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句组成句子1. I believe you are right.2. If you study harder, you will pass the exam.第7页1）她喜欢集邮. 2）食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口. 3）我们抵达电影院时候,电影已经开演了.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but

7、 he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 翻译以下句子：第8页 判断以下句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morn

8、ing and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 第9页5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important.9. The farmer is showing the boy how

9、to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句 复合句 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 第10页3. 简单句基本句型英语五种基本句型列式以下：基本句型一: + （主谓）基本句型二: + + （主系表）基本句型三: + + （主谓宾）基本句型四: + +O1 +2（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五: + + +(主谓宾宾补)第11页基本句型 一 + （主谓）1. Time 2. The sun 3. The man4. Everybodyflies. rises. cooked. laughed此句型中动词是不及物动词,能表示完

10、整意思。主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.第12页基本句型 二 + + （主系表）1. He 2. The dinner3. The weather is smellsbecame tall and strong. good. warmer. 此句型中谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。系动词有三类：1.表示特征和存在状态： be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste2. 表状态延续：remain, st

11、ay, keep, continue, stand3. 表状态改变 ：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow第13页 基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）（及物动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. I 4. I5. Iknows laugh at want dont knowenjoythe answer? her. to have a cup of tea.what to do.living here.此句型中谓语动词是及物动词，必须跟一个宾语，才能使意思完整，而宾语成份多样化使这一结构异常复杂。第14页 基本句型 四 + +IO +（

12、主谓间宾直宾）（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1. I 2. Heshowedboughthimme my pictures. a beautiful skirt.此句型中谓语动词必须有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者（多指物），另一个是动作间接宾语（多指人）。若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词to 或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.第15页用to侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语动词有

13、：（需借助 to）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等（需借助for）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing等。第16页 基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补）（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. They 3. We 4. I keep call asked saw the table supper him them clean. dinner. to c

14、ome back soon. getting on the bus. 此句型中谓语动词除了跟一个宾语外，还需跟一个补充成份来不足宾语，才能使意思完整。第17页注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后面，是英语惯用句型。即 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.惯用于此句型动词有:think, believe, consider, suppose, find, feel, make第18页使用it当形式宾语翻译下面句子1.他感到极难跟你交谈。 2.我认为有可能用另一个方

15、法解题。 3.学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 4. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益。 1.He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 2.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 3.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 4.I thought it no use talking with that man第19页You are sitting

16、on the train home.There comes the bus !The egos potential for expansion is limitless.Breckenridge hosts the international Snow Sculpture Championships.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.We think it our duty to study well.主+谓（S+V）主+谓（S+V）主+系 +表（S+V+P）主+谓 +宾（SVO）主+谓 +间宾 +直宾（SVOiOd）主+谓 +宾 +补（S

17、VOC）判断以下句子属于何种句式Exercises :第20页更正以下句子错误Exercises :1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me. 1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me . 第21页Exercises : 翻译以下句子并分析句子结构：1.我经常在早晨读英语。 2.玛丽是个聪明学生。3.我老师交给我一封信。4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们老师王先生 6.他正在房里做家庭作业。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My te