(江苏专用)备战2021年高考英语复习阅读理解组合练(二)

1、可编辑WORD版本资料-学海无涯可编辑WORD版本资料-学海无涯 8/8可编辑WORD版本资料-学海无涯(江苏专用)备战2021年高考英语复习阅读理解组合练(二) 阅读理解组合练(二) (限时30分钟) A (2019常州模拟) WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property (IP) services， policy，information and cooperation. We are a self-funding agency of the United Nations，with 192 member states., Our mis

2、sion is to lead the development of a balanced and effective international intellectual property system that enables innovation and creativity for the benefit of all. Our mandate， governing bodies and procedures are set out in the WIPO Convention， which established WIPO in 1967. We run workshops and

3、seminars throughout the year. The presentations and meeting documents are made available for downloading wherever possible. Current and upcoming Case Study Workshop on Support for Intellectual Property Management in SMEs (IP Advantage) National Workshop on Intellectual Property Policies for Universi

4、ties and Research Institutions 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界知识产权组织以及由其举办的几场IP研讨会的相关信息。 1. We can infer from the passage that _. Ait is an article from the handbook of WIPO Bgoverning bodies of all member states pay for the running of WIPO Cit is intended for those interested in the knowledge of intellectual p

5、roperty Dthe mission of WIPO is to develop an effective system of innovation and creativity 解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了世界知识产权组织的作用和宗 旨以及由其举办的几场有关知识产权的研讨会的信息。由此可知，本文是为对知识产权感兴趣的人设计的。故选C。 2. If one is interested in IP management, he can attend a seminar in _. AAmman or Tel Aviv BTel Aviv or Paris CAmman

6、 or Tokyo DTel Aviv or Tokyo 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一个研讨会Case Study Workshop on Support for Intellectual Property Management in SMEs (IP Advantage)的信息“January 29 to January 31, 2019(Tokyo)”及第四个研讨会National seminar on collective management 的信息“December 19, 2018(Tel Aviv)”“Collective Man agement of Copyright,

7、 Workshops and Seminars”可知，这两场研讨会是关于知识产权管理的。故选D。 B (2019苏、锡、常、镇模拟)In Florida, a group of parents known as “the break moms” has been fighting to pass a law guaranteeing the states elementary-school students at least 20 minutes of daily free play. In a survey of school-district administrators, roughly

8、 a third said their districts had reduced outdoor play in the early 2000s. Disadvantaged kids have been the most likely to be shortchanged (克扣). According to a 2003 study, just 56 percent of children living at or below the poverty line had break, compared with 83 percent of those above the poverty l

9、ine; a similar disparity (差异) existed between black children and their white peers. The benefits of break might seem obvious time to run around helps kids stay fit. But a large body of research suggests that it also promotes cognition (认知). Many studies have found that regular exercise improves ment

10、al function and academic performance. And an analysis of studies that focused specifically on break found positive associations between physical activity and the ability to concentrate in class. In one series of experiments, researchers controlled break start times. Some days children were let out a

11、t 10 am., and other days at 10：30. The kids attentiveness decreased when they had to wait longer for break, and refreshed themselves after they played. And when fourth-graders in a break-free school were given a weekly break, another group of researchers found that they had an easier time staying on

12、 task and were much less restless. These experimental findings are supported by an analysis of 10,000 questionnaires filled out by third-grade teachers: Even a single 15-minute daily break was connected with more positive ratings of classroom behavior. Perhaps most important break allows children to

13、 design their own games, to test their abilities, to role-play, and to settle their own conflicts activities that are key to developing social skills and managing complicated situations. Initial results from an ongoing study in Texas suggest that elementary-school children who are given four 15-minu

14、te breaks a day are significantly more sympathetic toward their peers than are kids who dont get break. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一群被称为“休息妈妈”的家长一直在努力通过一项法律，保证该州的小学生每天至少有20分钟的自由玩耍时间的事情。研究表明有足够休息时间的孩子学习成绩更好，情商也更高。 3What causes “the break moms” to start a fight? APupils lack of outdoor play. BPoor school management.

15、 CAbsence of education laws. DInequality among students. 解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，她们想要通过的法律是为了保障孩子们每天课外活动的时间，故原因是孩子们现在缺少户外活动的时间。 4In one series of experiments, researchers find that _. Achildren behave better when let out earlier Bkids waiting longer are unable to stay focused again Cthird-graders hav

16、e difficulty in focusing on task Dfourth-graders are more c oncentrated without a break 解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“The kids attentiveness decreased when they had to wait longer for break, and refreshed themselves after they played.” 可知，当孩子们不得不等待更长的时间才能休息时，他们的注意力下降了，所以被更早放出去活动的学生表现更好。 5What can we infer i

17、f we can ensure children a certain amount of daily break? AThey escape from life conflicts. BThey may strengthen dependence. CThey are more considerate towards others. DThey are eager to manage complicated situations. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“children who are g iven four 15-minute breaks a day are

18、significantly more sympathetic toward their peers than are kids who dont get break”可知，研究表明，每天休息4个15分钟的小学生比没有休息的孩子对同龄人更有同情心。所以他们对他人也更加体贴。 C (2019盐城模拟)One day in 1995, a large, heavy middle-aged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight. He didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance camer

19、as before walking out of each bank. Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief.“But I wore the juice，” he mumbled. Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible t

20、o videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didnt come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible. The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see wh

21、at was going on. They reasoned that, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are. This “illusion of confidence” is now called the“Dunning-Kruger ef

22、fect”，and describes the cognitive bias to inflate self-assessment. To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments. In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to esti

23、mate his or her score overall, as well as their relative rankings compared to the other students. Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did by a lot. Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than tw

24、o-thirds of the other students! Sure, its typical for people to overestimate their abilities. The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes. In a semester-long

25、study of college students, good students could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings. However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly. Instead of being confused or thoughtf

26、ul about their incorrect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct. As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man(1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.” Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately self-assess their abilities. As muc

27、h as D- and F-grade students overestimate their abilities, A-grade students underestimate theirs. The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their self-assessment given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot. 语篇解读：本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往

28、看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。 6Which of the following statements about the DunningKruger effect is true? AThe effect is true for everyone in daily life. BIt suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities. CSome people are overconfident about their abilities. DThe conclusion is drawn based on a series of b

29、ank robberies. 解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are”可知，邓宁克鲁格效应指的是那些过度高估自己能力的、过度自信的人。 7What do the college students behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove? AFeedback plays a significant role in estimating ones ability

30、. BIncompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice. CGood students can predict their future performance accurately. DPeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent

31、people insist that their ways are correct.”可知，能力差的人不会去反思自己的不正确的方法，而是坚持他们的方法是正确的。所以说他们非常的固执。 8The underlined word“begets”ca n be replaced by _. Agives rise to Btakes advantage of Cmakes up for Dbreaks away from 解析：选A 词义猜测题。引用查尔斯达尔文作品中的话是对上面的研究结果进行归纳总结。上面的研究表明无知的人更加盲目地自信。所以这句话的意思是“无知比知识更容易产生自信。”begetg

32、ive rise to“产生”。 9What can we infer from the passage? AReal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance. BIt is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence. CIllusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure. DThose with great abilities often have a low opinion of themse

33、lves. 解析：选A 推理判断题。本文主要阐述了“邓宁克鲁格效应”。研究表明有能力的人会根据各方面的反馈来调整自己的思路，而无知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固执己见。所以真正的知识是了解一个人无知的程度。 D (2019南通七市模拟)UN scholars have calculated that within the next 10 years the degradation (退化) of farm and grassland could turn 50 million people into migrants. Another UN agency calculated that

34、 in the last 25 years, another 3% of the planets forests had been burned or cut down. Once you have read Gaia Vinces book, you start to register the scale of change in a fast-changing world. Adventures in the Anthropocene holds a mirror up to humanity and says: look what you have done to the world,

35、the only world you will ever have. The Anthropocene the Age of Man is a proposed new name for the quaternary (第四纪) period that we now live in, and it includes what has come to be called the Great Acceleration, in which during the last 65 years, whatever humans did, they did it faster and more effect

36、ively, and on a greater scale, while_at_the_same_time_reproducing_more_and_dying_much_less. Did it take 50,000 years to reach a population of one billion? Just in the last 10 years, another billion people appeared on the planet, and by the end of this century, it could be home to 9, or 10, or 11 bil

37、lion souls, each of which will hope for the minimum to sustain health and contentment. Many of them will demand a lot more, which is where the problems begin. To build cities, pave highways and establish factories, humans decades ago became the greatest earthmoving force on the planet: they each yea

38、r shift more rock and soil than the wind and the rain, the rivers and the glaciers (冰川) combined. Cities now cover 2% of the planets land: by 2030, this will be 10%. Over the next 80 years, the species will build a city for one million people every 10 days. To keep these cities functioning, humans w

39、ill consume 18 terawatts of energy and by 2020, around 5 billion of them will have smartphones, and Internet access, and already people who are miserably poor can see, at a fingers touch, what they are missing, and want it for themselves, and in the course of trying to get it, consume more resources

40、 and cause destruction to the ecosystem. Anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it. Vince doesnt just collect the statistics of exploitation and destruction, she goes to see for herself what they mean. Like a good reporter, she tries to see both sides: she explores bot

41、h the human destruction and the beneficial and sometimes amazing solutions that human wisdom can deliver. She does the legwork too: she climbs up steep mountainsides in Nepal, and in Ladakh, looks at hydroelectric plans in Patagonia, walks through the forest to get closer to a tiger, steps out in th

42、e slums near Cartagena in Colombia, and slips down an Amazon tributary in a dugout. Everywhere in the world, the ice is disappearing, but in Ladakh, an engineer has worked out a way to make artificial glaciers to store the water for summer growth, and in doing so has given the villagers not just sec

43、urity but a new kind of hope. In every chapter, there are excellent stories like this, glimpses (一瞥) of the other world that perhaps we could have made for ourselves. Necessarily, to get around a topic that involves all human history and all geography too, she has to be brief, and so in every chapte

44、r, she leaves you wanting more. This is usually considered to be a good thing. Good or not, it is difficult to see. And if she helps readers understand a little better the loss and suffering lies behind the exploitation of the rare earths, then it becomes in every sense a good book. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了Gaia

45、 Vince的一本名叫Adventures in the Anthropocene的书。10The statistics in the first paragraph are meant to _. Arid people of their concerns about the earth Bstress the gravity of the destruction of the earth Cclarify peoples misunderstandings of the earth Dwarn people of the contradictory reports about the ea

46、rth 解析：选B 推理判断题。根据关键词“the degradation (退化) of farm and grassland ” 和“planets forests had been burned or cut down”可知，目前地球遭受着极大的破坏。因此写该段旨在强调地球被破坏的严重性。gravity意思是“严重性”。11The underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably means _. Amore trees were planted and fewer of them died Bpeople produced much more t

47、han they consumed Cthe birth rate was higher and the death rate was lower Dmore animals were raised and the survival rate was higher 解析：选C 细节理解题。根据本段内容可知，在过去的65年中人类处于一个加速度的时代，无论哪个方面人类都比以往的发展速度更快，效率更高，规模更大，同时人口繁殖更多，死亡更少。 12According to the author, the construction of cities and infrastructures will _. Acreate more job opportunities for citizens Bnarrow the gap between the rich and the poor Cpromote globalization and economic development Dcause o