高一英语知识点汇总

1、高一英语预习知识点1.survey n. 调查；测验2.upset adj. 心烦意乱的 ;不安的 ,不适的3.ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视4.calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定5.concern vt. (使)担心；涉及；关系到6.loose adj. 松的；松开的adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系7.vet n.兽医8.Amsterdam n.阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都)9.Netherlands n.荷兰(西欧国家)10.Jewish adj. 犹太人的；犹太族的11.German adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的12.Nazi n.纳粹党人 ad

2、j. 纳粹党的13.series n.连续，系列14.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外15.spellbind vt.迷住；疑惑16.dusk n.黄昏 ,傍晚17.thunder vi. 打雷 ,雷鸣 n. 雷，雷声18.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的19.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地20.power n. 能力；力量；权力1.add up 合计2.calm.down (使)平静下来3.have got to 不得不；必须4.be concerned about 关心；挂念5.walk the dog 6.go through 7.set do

3、wn 8.a series of9.on purpose经历；经受记下；放下；登记一连串的；一系列；一套1. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法

4、出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都 3. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上，我熬到 11 点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。 to the editor and ask for advice.如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。5. Add up your score and see how many points you can g

5、et.把你的得分加起来，看看得了多少。6. What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须体验的。直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要 【例句】Mr. Black said, “ Im busy. ”Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 1. 陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连

6、词 that (可省略)引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。(1)人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思【例句】He said, “ I like it very much. ” He said that he liked it very much.注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound. ”He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化2.

7、 疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把 疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句 (1)一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时， 谓语动词是 say 或 he writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend. 但疑问句要变为陈述句。【例句】“What do you want?”he asked me. He asked me what I wanted. 高一英语预习知识点1.curtain n.窗帘；门帘；幕布2.dusty adj. 积满灰尘的3.partner n.伙伴 ;合作者 ;合伙人4.s

8、ettle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt .使定居；安排；解决suffervtvi历onelinessn7.highway n. 公路8.recover vt.&vi. 痊愈；恢复9.pack vt.&vi. 捆扎 ;包装 ;打行李 n.小包 ;包裹10.suitcase11.overcoat12.teenagersip.exactly15.disagree16.gratefuln. 手提箱 ;衣箱n. 大衣外套n.十几岁的青少年vi.不同意adj.感激的 ;表示谢意的17.dislike n.&vt. 不喜欢 ;厌恶19.secondly adv.第二 ;其次20.swap vt. 交换2

9、1.item n.项目 ;条款1.at dusk 在黄昏时刻2.face to face3.no longer /not4.suffer from面对面地 any longer遭受；患病5.get/be tired of 对厌烦6.pack ( sth. ) up 将(东西)装箱打包7.get along with 与相处；进展8.fall in love 相爱；爱上9.join in 参加；加入10.in order to 为了1. Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work?2. The police asked him t

10、o set down what he had seen in a report.警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。3. As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。4. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。5. We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。6. He would go thro

11、ugh fire and water for his country.他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。7. That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood.那个国家在水灾中遭受严重的损失。感观动词(listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,notice,feel等)句型： 1.感观动词宾语do (强调动作的全过程)】 I felt something fall on my head.我感到有东西掉在我的头上。2.感观动词宾语doing(强调动作正在进行)【例句】 The thief was seen stealing in my ho

12、use when I came back.当我回来时看到小偷正在我的房子里偷盗。3.感观动词宾语done(表示动作与宾语是被动关系)windowscleaned我注意到窗户被擦干净了。高一英语预习知识点 2.elevator 3.petrol4.gasn. 电梯；升降机n. 英汽油( = 美 gasoline )n. 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气5.official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的6.voyage n. 航行；航海7.conquer vt. 征服；占领8.native adj. 本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人9.apartment n. 美公寓住宅；单元住宅10.actually

13、 adv. 实际上，事实上AD 公元12.base vt. 以为根据 n .基部；基地；基础13.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的14.enrich vt.使富裕；充实；改善15.vocabulary n.词汇；词汇量；词表16.spellingatter18.identityn.拼写；拼法adj. 较后的 ;后平的 ; (两者中)后者的n.本身；本体；身份19.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的20.fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地e up 走近；上来；提出2.because of 因为3.at present 现在；目前4.make use of 利用；使用5.be di

14、fferent from 与不同6.be the same as 与一样7.one another 相互，彼此( =each other )8.official language 官方语言special role as an international language.世界英语来自那些以英语为第一或第二语言的国家，英语在这些国家起重要作用，或 是因为外国的统治，或是因为其作为国际语言的特殊地位。2. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.当不同的语言互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。3. Actual

15、ly, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more onGerman than present day English. 4. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?5. Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams.信不信由你，他在考试中作弊。same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。1. 直接引语和间接引语(二) 祈使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使

16、句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的 定式 ，并根据句子意思在 不定式前加上 tell/ask/order 定句 ，在 不定式前面还要加上 not。【例句】The hostess said to us, “Please sit down. ” The hostess asked us to sit down.动词原形变为带 to 的不 2. voyage,travel,trip,journey,tour 的区别 voyage 指一趟旅程，尤指海上之旅，也可指空中、太空旅行 。如：He will make a voyage to Africa by air.他将乘飞机去非洲旅行。 journey 是

17、最普通用词，无论旅程长短、远近、陆地、海上、空中皆可，侧重指 时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行 。如：A pleasant journey to you. travel 一般指到国外或远方作长期旅行，不着重某一目的地，有到各地“游历” 的意思，单、复数均可用 。如：His uncle traveled the world and wrote a book about travels. 他叔叔环游全世界，并写一本游记。 trip 多用在口语中，常指为公务或游玩作的短距离的，直达目的地的旅行 。如：Theyre planning to make a trip to the seaside.他们计划

18、进行一次海滨旅行。 tour 意为“旅行，周游，巡行，观光”，主要目的地是游览或视察，距离可长可 短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义 。如：He is making a tour of the world.了。高一英语预习知识点2.mand4.request5.Spanish6.dialectn.&vt. 命令；指令；掌握n.&vt. 请求；要求adj. 西班牙的；西班牙人的n.西班牙人；西班牙语7.expression n.词语；表示表达8.midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特性的9.eastern adj. 东方的；东部的10.southeastern11.northwes

19、tern12.African adjadj. 东南方的；来自东南的adj. 西北方的；来自西北方的adj. 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的13.recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认ryentn. 卡车( =truck )n. 口音；腔调；重音18.straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的19.block n. 街区；块；木块；石块1.at the end of 在结束时2.native speakers 说母语的人3.be based on 根据，依据4.in fact=actually=as a matter of fact5.believe it or

20、not 信不信由你6.make lists of 列清单事实上7.be expected to 被期待做某事8.play a part/role in 在起作用1. Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than evenbefore.目前在中国学习英语的人数比以往任何时候都多。country.政府的责任是为其国家的小孩提供教育。3. Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage.阅读是帮助你改善词汇及其用法的最

21、好方法之一。4. Giving commands is less polite than making a request.发号命令比发出请求粗鲁。5. We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner on theleft andkeep going straight for two blocks.我们向她问路，她告诉我们往左边拐弯后直走两个街区。6. He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.他懂几种语言，例如英语、法语和德

22、语。1. 英语中的命令( command )语气和请求 (request) 语气 命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于“Look at the example ”, the teacher said to us. 请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌 。如：Would you please open the window?2. no such thing as “没有像的事情 /东西” 。此结构中 as 引导的是定语 There are few such things as you described just now.像你刚才所描述的东西几乎没有

23、。Such behavior as that is not acceptable in our school 。像那种行为在我们学校是不可接受的。高一英语预习知识点一、重点单词1.journal n. 日记；杂志；定期刊物2.transport n.&vt. 运送；运输3.prefer vt.更喜欢选择某事物 (而不选择其他事物 )4.disadvantage n.不利条件；不便之处5.advantage n. 有利条件；利益，好处6.fare n. 费用7.route n.路线；路途8.flow vi. 流动；流出 n.流动；流量9.persuade vt.说服；劝说10.cycle vi.

24、 骑自行车11.graduate vi.毕业 n. 大学毕业生12.finally adv.最后；终于13.schedule n.进度表14.fond adj. 喜爱的；慈祥的 ;宠爱的15.shortcoming n.缺点stubbornadj；固执的17.organize vt. 组织；成立18.detail n.细节；详情19.source n. 来源；水源20.determine vt. 决定；确定；下定决心21.determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的22.journey n. 旅行；旅程二、重点短语1.be fond of 喜爱；喜欢2.change ones mind 改

25、变主意3.make up ones mind 下决心；决定4.give in 投降；屈服；让步5.as usual 照常6.at midnight 在午夜三、重点句型it begins to where it ends.我姐姐和我一直梦想要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅行。at once.这男人坚持自己没有偷东西，他坚持说他应该立刻被释放。3. She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said she wouldnt changeher mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。4. He is so stubborn t

26、hat no one can persuade him to do anything.他是如此的固执以致没有人能说服他做任何事。5. My sister doesnt care about details.我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。6. She is a determined woman. Once she determines to do something, she willdo it well.她是个意志坚强的人。如果她下决心做什么事，就一定要做好。语法总结1现在进行时表将来：表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作。 瞬时动词的进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义。这些动词包括 go ,come

27、 ,leave， I am leaving.I am leaving tomorrow. An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.An American professor is giving a lecture.高一英语预习知识点一、重点单词altitude 2.glacier 3.Tibetan 4.rapids5.valleyn.海拔高度；高处n.冰河；冰川adj. 西藏的；藏族的；藏族人的 n. 急流n. (山)谷；流域n. (西)藏语；西藏人6.waterfall n.瀑布7.pace vi. 缓漫而行 ;踱步

28、 n.一步；速度；步调8.bend n. 弯；拐角 vt.使弯曲 vi.弯身；弯腰.meander vi. 蜿蜒 ;缓慢流动10.attitude n.看法11.boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开12.forecast n.&vt. 预测；预报13.parcel n. 小包；包裹14.insurance n.保险15.wool n. 羊毛；毛织16.cave n.洞穴；地窖17.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的18.view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解19.pillow n.枕头；枕垫vt.观看；注视；考虑20.midnight n.午夜；子夜21.flame22.bene

29、ath23.templen.庙宇；寺庙二、重点短语2.flow through 流过，流经3.ever since 自从4. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事5.insist on doing 坚持做某事6.to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是7.as usual 像往常一样在旅行日记中，他记下了重大的事件及自己的想法。2. I am not familiar with this city, because this is my first visit.我对这个城市不熟悉，因为这是我的第一次来访。3. I dont think it is necess

30、ary for us to give in.我认为我们没有必要让步。people, things, and events less familiar to readers.游记的主题可以和日记不同，经常包括那些读者不太熟悉的人和事。5. It was great fun to put up tents here.在这儿搭帐篷真好玩。when 从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是瞬间性动词，既可以表示主 从句动作同时发生，也可以表示动作有先后，还可表示一个动作正在发生时另外一个动When I got home, he was having supper.When I was young,

31、 I liked dancing.was性动词)while 只能和持续性动词连用，多强调动作发生的同时性和延续性。while 还可用于 的对比。如：While I slept, a thief broke in./ I was sleeping when a thief broke in. 我在睡觉时，一个盗贼闯了进来。2. view, sight, scene, scenery，landscape 的区别及用法view 是普通名词，指从某一特定视角所看到的景色，尤指从远处或高处。如： From the top of the hill you can have a nice view of t

32、he whole city. 你从山顶眺望，可看见整个城市的美景。sight 侧重指旅游风光，包括城市景色或自然风光，也可指人造景物，常指视力范围The cave is a very nice sight in that place.那个洞是该地一道很美的风景。scene 指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景，也可指场景。如：The scenes of that film were really beautiful.那部电影中的场景很美。 风光和乡村美景。如：He likes the scenery of Hangzhou.他喜欢杭州的风景。From the hill he looked dow

33、n on the peaceful landscape.他站在山上眺望下面的宁静景色。高一英语预习知识点一、重点单词1.earthquake n.地震2.well n.井3.smelly adj.发臭的；有臭味的4.crack n.裂缝；噼啪声 vt.&vi. (使)开裂；破裂5.farmyard n.农场；农家6.pipe n.管；导管7.burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n.突然破裂；爆发8.million n.百万9.event n.事件；大事10.nation n.民族；国家;国民11.canal n.运河；水道12.steam n.蒸汽；水汽13.dirt n.污垢；泥土14.ruin

34、n.废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产15.suffering n.苦难；痛苦16.extreme adj.极度的17.injure n.损害；伤害18.survivor n.幸存者；生还者；残存物19.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭20.brick21.dam22.trackn.砖；砖块n.水坝；堰堤n.轨道；足迹；痕迹二、重点短语1.right away 立刻；马上2.as if 仿佛；似乎3.at an end4.in ruins5.dig out结束；终结严重受损；破败不堪掘出；发现6.a (great) number of 许多；大量的e to ones rescue 营救某人三

35、、重点句型 than 400,000.2.All hope was not lost.= Not all hope was lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。3.None of us were allowed to go there.我们全都不许去那里。4.He rescued the man from drowning.他救了一男子使之免遭溺毙。5.An earthquake left the whole city in ruins.地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。6.I feel highly honoured by your trust.得到你的信任，我感到非常荣幸。语法总结定语从句(一)

36、 nwhy 处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句(1) that 的用法that能做主语，也能做宾语。例： A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语，可省略)(2) which 的用法 They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主语) The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh

37、. (作宾语，可省略)(3) who，whom 的用法TheforeignerwhohelpedusyesterdayisfromUSA(作主语)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语，可省略)(4) whose 的用法 和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例： This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语) He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物，作宾

38、语) 高一英语预习知识点ess2.shock3.rescue4.trapadj.无用的；无效的；无益的vt.&vi. (使)震惊；震动 n.休克；打击；震惊n.&vt.援救；营救vt.陷入困境 n.陷阱；困境5.electricity n.电，电流；电学6.disaster n.灾害；灾祸7.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏8.mine n.矿；矿山；矿井9.miner n.矿工.shelter12.reportern.掩蔽；掩蔽处;避身处n.标题；头衔；资格n13.bar n.条；棒；条状物14.damage n.&vt.损失；损害15.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬16.fright

39、ened adj.受惊的；受吓唬的17.frightening adj.令人恐俱的18.congratulation n.祝贺； (复数)贺词20.sincerely21.express22.outline23.headline24.cyclistn.裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决adv.真诚地；真挚地vt.表示；表达 n.快车；速递n.要点；大纲；轮廓n.报刊的大字标题n.骑自行车的人1.give rise to 引起2.be prepared for 为做准备3. in ones honor 向表示敬意；为纪念4.opening speech 开幕词5. give/ provide

40、shelter to6.seek shelter from 躲避向提供庇护所7. happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧1. It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearlyeverything.世界似乎到了末日，因为地震几乎毁了一切。2. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.3. They used candles all the time instead of electricity.他们一直用蜡烛，没有用电。

41、swent to bed as usual that night.照常上床睡 5. Wed better prepare him for the bad news.我们最好让他做好知道这个坏消息的心理准备。6. The rubbish gave out a smelly gas.发出一阵臭味。7. Are you willing to do public service work without pay?8. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?worth，worthy to，worthy of，worthwhile 的区别及用法1

42、.worth 是“值得”的意思，一般看作介词，其后通常接(钱数、时间、精力之类的)名词 或动名词。接动名词时，其主动形式，表达的是被动的含义。如：Our house is worth about$50,000.The book is worth reading./Its worth reading the book.。2.worthy to和worthy of 除表示“值得”的意义外，还有“配得上，相称”的意思。前者 后接被动不定式或主动不定式，后者通常接名词(不接钱数的名词)或动名词的被动形式。 The question is worthy to be discussed.个问题值得讨论。H

43、e who does his duty is worthy of praising.凡是忠于职守的人都值得奖励。3.worthwhile 为形容词，可用作表语，其主语可以是名词、代词、动名词或不定式，亦可 This is a worthwhile experiment.这是一项值得进行的实验。高一英语预习知识点一、重点单词1.quality n.质量；品质；性质2.warm-hearted adj.热心肠的3.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的4.active adj.积极的；活跃的5.generous adj.慷慨的;大方的6.easy-going adj.随和的；温和宽容的7.sel

44、f n.自我;自身8.selfish adj.自私的9.selfless adj.无私的；忘我的10.devote vt.献身；用心于11.devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的12.invader n.侵略者13.found vt.建立；建设14.republic n.共和国；共和政体15.principle n.法则；原则；原理16.nationalism17.livelihood18.peacefuln.民族主义；国家主义n.生计；谋生adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的 20.mankind 21.lawyer 22.guidance 23.legal24.opinionadj.巨大的；庞大

45、的nn.指导；领导adj.法律的；依照法律的n.意见；看法；主张二、重点短语1.find out 查清楚，弄明白2.believe in 信仰；信任e to power 执政，掌权4.set up 设立；建立5.turn to 求助于；致力于6.break the law 犯法7.as a matter of fact 事实上8.blow up 使充气；爆炸9.achieve ones dream/goal 实现某人的梦想/目标三、重点句型1. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次见到他

46、的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。2. As a matter of fact, I was worried about whether I would be out of work.事实上我担心我是不是会失业。3. After getting up, he always drinks a glass of water, which he believes isgood for his health.每天起床后，他都喝一杯水，他认为这对他的身体有好处。4. In his life, he has always tried to help those who are less fortunate

47、than himself.在他的一生中，他总是设法帮助那些比他不幸的人。5. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。6. Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.似乎只有一部分孩子明白。7. The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.他们在城里的住宅区都是由白人决定的。only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首构成的倒装句型。 1.only+名词置于句首时,句子不倒装。如：Only one student passed the exam.2.not only.but also.连接两个句子时,not only 紧跟的分句要用部分倒装语序。 Not only had I grown physically,but also mentally in the past few years.no