二动词的语态课件

1、二、动词的语态As has been pointed out, a sentence/ clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/ clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is passive is called a “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and

2、in the passive the recipient of the action.各个时态的被动形式大致可归纳如下：1一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis givenareamis being givenarehas been givenhave过去was given werewas being givenwere had been given 将来shall be given willX X X (shall have been given)( will过去将来should be given wouldX X X(should have been given)( would21) 被动语

3、态主要在下面几种情况下用：a 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)：Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车？We havent been told about it. 没有人通知我们这件事。 b 动作承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有by引起的短语)： The store is run by the trade union. 这家店是工会办的。3The song was composed by a studen

4、t. 这首歌曲是一个学生谱写的。The lathe was designed by ourselves. 这个车床是我们自己设计的。c出于礼貌措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁：You are requested to give a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目。It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 这样做一般认为是不妥当的。You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teacherss Club at 3 p.m. N

5、ov. 23. 谨定于11月23日下午3时在教师俱乐部举行晚会，敬请光临。（）4a) verb + preposition, eg: look after, look into, talk about: The children are well looked after.This matter is being looked into.Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting.b) verb + adverb , eg: set up, put off, bring about:When was the hospital set

6、 up?The sport meet is to be put off.A new outburst of revolutionary enthusiasm will soon be brought about.6c) verb + adverb + preposition, eg: do away with, face up to, put up with:That sort of thing should be done away with.Theres no running away from the facts; they just have to be faced up to.Suc

7、h a state of things cannot be put up with.B) passive voice of “verb + noun + preposition” The “verb + noun + preposition” combination may have two passive possibilities. The first of these is to treat the combination as a single transitive verb,eg:73) Active constructions expressing passive meanings

8、There are verbs that can be either transitive or intransitive and which can be active in form but passive in meaning. The following two points may be noted. The first of these, which occurs chiefly in the present progressive(如do,owe, cook, bind, print 等动词。这类结构是早期英语遗留下来的用法， 常见于日常用语以及某些行业的专门术语中), eg:9

9、The house is building.The book is printing.The dinner is cooking.Verbs used in this way can also be made passive. compare:The house is being built.The book is being printed.The dinner is being cooked.The second type occurring frequently in the simple present is only found when the subject is represe

10、nted as having certain inherent qualities which promote, hamper, 10or prevent the realization of the idea expressed by the predicate verb, eg:Brownings plays wont act. 布朗宁戏剧不宜上演。Tomatoes bruise easily. 西红柿很容易碰伤。This belt wont buckle. 这根腰带扣不上。My voice doesnt carry well. 我的声音传不远。Enamel wares clean eas

11、ily. 搪瓷器皿容易弄干净。This box doesnt close properly. 这厢子关不拢。These apples cook well. 这些苹果适于烹煮。This metal cuts easily. 这种金属容易切削。Nylon dries quickly. 尼龙织物干得快。The pipe doesnt draw well. 这烟斗不大畅通。11This material doesnt dye well. 这料子染不好。It eats well. 这东西吃起来味道好。Damp wood will not fire. 潮湿的木头烧不着。This wheat grinds

12、well. 这种麦子很好磨。The brake does not grip properly. 刹车不灵。This car handles well. 这辆车好驾驶。Damp clothes iron easily. 湿衣容易烫平。Will this meat keep till tomorrow? 这肉能放到明天吗？The flat lets for 500 dollars a month. 这套公寓房月租金500美元。The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着。The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。The cow milks well. 这头母牛出奶率高

13、。These books pack easily. 这些书容易包装。12These potatoes peel easily. 这些土豆容易销皮。Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的苹果容易采摘。This poem reds well. 这首诗读来顺口。His voice records well. 他的声音录下来很好听。That play screens badly. 那个剧本不适于拍电影。His new novel sells well. 他的新小说销路好。The window wont shut. 这窗关不上。Some kinds of wood splits eas

14、ily. 有些木材容易劈开。Some kinds of food soon spoil. 有些食品容易变质。This linen cloth stains easily. 这种麻布容易弄脏。This paper tears easily. 这种纸币一撕就破。This cloth washes well. 这部很耐洗。This material wont wear. 这种材料不耐久。The drawer wont open. 抽屉开不开。13以上这些句子一般都不能转换为被动句，如果变为被动句，句子的意义就改变了。compare：His novels dont sell. 他的小说销路不佳。His

15、 novels are not sold. 他的小说没有卖掉。The middle house wont let. 中间的房子租不出去。The middle house will not be let. 中间的房子不会出租。She does not photograph well. 她不上照。She has not been photographed well. 她的相没有照好。（）14A）不定式的被动态当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。例如：I hope to be nominated.It is impossible for lost time to be mad

16、e up.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to them a rule never to be broken.Note: get-型被动态(get-passive)也可以不定式的形式出现。例如：It was nasty for Mary to be / to get hurt.(玛丽受到伤害这件事令人很不愉快。)It was good for Joans mother to be / to get looked after so kindly.16B）-ing 分词的被动态当-ing 分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用-ing 分词的被动态。例

17、如：The workers were proud of their products being praised highly by the buying public.I object to being kept waiting. Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.Note:当代有人称代词作为自己主语的-ing 分词被动态在主句中作宾语或补足成分时,这个人称代词既可用宾格, 也可用属格。 例如：I insisted on him /his being invited.I dont mind

18、 him / his being invited. （end）17Note:(a) “take place”做“举行”解时，要注意其用法：We will hold the meeting next Monday.=The meeting will be held next Monday.=The meeting will take place next Monday.(下星期一将举行会议。)(b) “连系动词” (如look,feel, taste, smell, remain等)没有被动形式：The coffee tastes a little bitter. ( T )The coffee

19、 is tasted a little bitter. ( F )(这咖啡尝起来有点苦。)(c)并非所有及物动词都有被动形式，如：cost (花费)，take (花费)，last (持续), resemble (像), have (有)等都没有被动式。19The pen cost five yuan. ( T )The pen is costed five yuan. ( F )(这笔要五元。) B)有些动词以“动名词”或“不定式”的形式表示被动语态下列动词看似主动，但其实还有被动的意义： be worth + V-ing(值得) need want + V-ing(需要) require t

20、o let (出租)，to blame (该受责备) For example:20The book is worth reading. = The book is worthy to be read. = The book is worthy of being read. (这本书值得一读。) My car needs checking.= My car needs to be checked.(我的车子需要检查。)The house is to let. (此屋出租。)You are to blame. (你应受责备。)A lot remains to do.(还有许多要做的事情。)C)用其

21、他介词代替by:在被动语态中，表示行为者的介词，通常用by；但有些动词不用by而要用其他的介词(如to, in, at, with):21be 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 介 词beacquainted 认识covered 覆盖equipped 装备 pleased 高兴satisfied 满意crowded 挤满filed 挤满 with beamazed 惊讶astonished 吃惊startled 吃惊surprised 惊讶shocked 震惊disappointed 失望frightened 惊吓 at22bedressed 穿衣服interested 感兴趣absorbed 专心

22、于engaged 从事于caught 遇到inbeaccustomed习惯于used习惯于devoted 献身于known 为所知married 结婚obliged 感激engaged 与订婚to23例句：The mountain is covered with snow. (山被雪所覆盖。）He is pleased with his new job. （他对新工作很满意。）I was surprised at the news. (这消息使我吃惊。）He is interested in music. （他对音乐感兴趣。）I am much obliged to you for your

23、help. (真谢谢你的帮助。）I was caught in a shower on my way home. （我在回家途中遇到阵雨。）（）24For example: I am interested in English. He was delighted to meet you. I was surprised to hear the mews. I am disappointed in her.Note: the usage of the following phrases:be used to +N 习惯于 be devoted to+N 献身于 be absorbed in+N

24、专心于 be acquainted with 熟悉 be opposed to+N 反对 be exposed to+N 暴露于 be made up of 由组成 be wounded = be hurt 受伤 be located = be situated 位于Be accustomed to+N 习惯于 be dedicated to+N 致力于 be engaged in 从事于 be concerned about 关心 be supposed to+V 应该要 be well-known for 以著名 be inclined to+V 倾向于 be seated = sit 就

25、座 be dressed= dress oneself 穿着26E) 客观的说法表示客观的说明常用“It is +p.p.”的句型。下面为常见的句型： believed 大家相信 expected 大家期待 reported 据报道It is said 据说 that suggested 有人建议说 thought 大家认为 acknowledged 大家公认For example: It is said that Mike is sick in bed. It is believed that he was killed.273. He said that the patient_by a chief doctor. a. would operate on b. will operate on c. will be operated on d. would be operated on4. The world;s supplies of copper_. a. had been g