AmericanEducation美国教育制度英美文化

1、AmericanEducation美国教育制度英美文化AmericanEducation美国教育制度英美文化The America has had a great respect for education ever since its earliest times. Education in the United StatesThe America has had a great reEducation in the United StatesFor all these and many other important social roles, educational institutio

2、ns in theUnited States have become the bearer of the values of each age. Education in the United StatesHistory of American EducationEducation in America is concurrent with thegrowth of the nation, and Americans haveshown a great concern for education sincecolonial days. Education in the United State

3、sHistory of American EducationEEducation in the United States1. Colonial DaysEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEnormous Attention on EducationAmong the first settlers, there was an unusually high proportion of educated men. The early settlers were intensely religious, who h

4、ad a strong commitment to self-interpretation of the Bible.Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEstablishment of Schools in Colonial DaysHarvard College 1636College of William and Mary 1639Yale 1701Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGovernment Regulati

5、ons in Colonial Days1642 The Colony of Massachusetts passed a lawassigning the responsibility for educationto parents. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGovernment Regulations in Colonial Days1647 beginning of public schoolsMassachusetts passed another more radical law requ

6、iring every town to provide itschildren with schools.Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesDevelopment in Colonial DaysBy the end of 17th century, all colonies had had their public schools set up; Settlers of the English colonies were in the position to receive education of som

7、e kind. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEducation in the colonial days was concerned withencouraging literacy, so that Younger generation would be able to seek truths in the Bible themselves;Children would be prepared to confront with the uncertainties of colonial life;Th

8、e following generation would be equipped with necessary skills to conduct the political, economic and religious affairs of the colonies. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEducational Opportunities (17th Century) Apprenticeship and elementary schools for lower classesSeconda

9、ry schools and colleges for the upper classesEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEducational Opportunities (18th Century)Business-oriented and Trade-oriented for the middle classes democratic nature ladder systemEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United States2. F

10、oundation of the NationEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesThomas JeffersonLarge-scale system of public schoolsMore General Diffusion of KnowledgeEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGovernment Support for EducationPermanent funds were created to suppor

11、tthe building of schools and employment of schoolmasters. Sources of funds: LotterySpecial tax revenueEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGovernment Support for Education Northwest Ordinance of 1787Each township in the nations Northwest Territoryshould reserve for educational

12、 purposes at least amile-square section of land in order to nurturereligion, morality, and knowledge in the minds ofyounger generations. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesGovernment Support for Education Northwest Ordinance of 1787Each state in the territory should identify

13、townships where publicly supported institutions ofhigher education could be built. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesEducation in this period was concernedwith building a natural aristocracy in contrast to that of Europe. Education in the United StatesEducation in the Unite

14、d StatesEducation Opportunities (early 19th Century) Decisions by parentsNeed for child labor Concerned with getting a living Primitive transportation conditionsNot free in all placesEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesDevelopment of Public Schools1827Massachusetts required e

15、very large town tomaintain a free public school.By 1850Every state had provided for a system of free public schools, paid for by public tax. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesContribution of Public School MovementEstablishment of the basic principle of a non-sectarian, publ

16、icly supported school system opento all youth regardless of creed or socioeconomic status. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesDevelopment of Colleges & UniversitiesBy 1860 Over 200 colleges and universities had been established. The Land-Grant College Act of 1862 The federal

17、 government provided states with public lands to be used for higher education, especially for establishment of land-grant colleges.Education in the United StatesEducation in the United States3. After the Civil WarEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesImpact of Civil War on Educ

18、ationCheck the momentum of developmentGradually picked up the momentum and continued soon after the warEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesRenaissance By 1918 High schools had become a recognized part of American life. Similar situations for collegesPrivate philanthropic reso

19、urces Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesOutcomes Graduate and professional facilities By 1900 over 1,000 institutions of higher learningOther institutions of higher learning established to meet the needs of specific individuals, e.g. junior college, teachers collegeEducatio

20、n in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesUniversal EducationBy 1918, American education had become a bigbusiness. Its whole enterprise was valued at closeto $2 billion; it employed over 650,000 teachers, and it enrolled over 25% of the American people. Education in the United StatesEducat

21、ion in the United StatesDevelopment & ExpansionBy 1920Free education for children in elementary schoolsDuring the 1920s to 1940s Much progress in secondary and higher education Expansion in the number of students enrolledShift of focus Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesDeve

22、lopment & Expansion Serviceman Readjustment Act of 1944Growth of graduate schools Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesChallengesThe 1950s Launching of the SputnikCurriculum reorganization and higher standards in secondary schoolsPublic education was characterized as the engin

23、e of democracy, crucial to both upward social mobility and military superiority. Education in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesDevelopment & Expansion1965 in Johnsons AdministrationThe Elementary and Secondary Education ActThe Higher Education Act Education in the United StatesEducatio

24、n in the United StatesSocial BiasesEducation for the Blacks Brown vs. Board of Education 1954Education for women and minority groups Affirmative action programs in the early 1970sEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesAmerican Education SystemEducation in the United StatesAmeric

25、anEducation美国教育制度英美文化Education in the United StatesPrimary and Secondary SchoolsEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesHigher EducationEducation in the United StatesEducation in the United StatesPurposes and Goals of EducationDevelopment of the learnersHome, family and community lifeEconomic demandsCivic and social dutiesEd