泛读第四册第二十一课课件审定稿

1、21.InPraiseofRichardRichard Stengel was born in New York City. He attended Princeton University and English literature at Oxford where he was a Rhodes Scholar. Now, 21.InPraiseofRichardRichard Stengel was born in New York City. He attended Princeton University and English literature at Oxford where

2、he was a Rhodes Scholar. Now, he is the managing editor . Until March of 2000, he was senior adviser and chief speechwriter candidate Bill Bradley. Before joining n, Mr. Stengel was a Senior Editor Magazine. In addition to his work for Time, he has been a frequent contributor to the YorkerandtheNewR

3、epublic;hehaswrittenfortheNewYorkTimes,GQ,andNewYorkHe is the author of January Sun: One Day, Three Lives, a frican Town (1990), which one of People Magazines Ten Best Books of 1990. He also collaborated with South NelsonMandelaonthelattersautobiography,LongWalkto(1994). Mr. Stengel was also the te

4、Producer on “Mandela,” the Oscar-ary.ThistisfromhisbookYouAreTooKind:ABriefHistoryofFlatteryMainhisessay,theauthortalksabouthowtheoverflowingofthepublicflattery the famous has undermined the private praise. He also back to the origin of flattery explainshowpeoplechangetheirattitudestowarditfromahist

5、oricalofPartI(paras.1-FartoomuchpublicflatterydevaluesalPartII(paras.5-The nature of flattery has changed from mortal stigma to the t holds 1)Periloustousquo(paras.5-2) alwithblossomingoftheindividual(paras.3)Morefavorableinaconsumersociety(paras.8-4)Advantagesalflattery(paras.10-PartIII(appendix)Wr

6、itingTheAdoptionoftheofhis essay, the author adopts the of view when addressing the reader. of view is often used in 4)Advantagesalflattery(paras.10-PartIII(appendix)WritingTheAdoptionoftheofhis essay, the author adopts the of view when addressing the reader. of view is often used in a letter, a dia

7、logue, . The adoption the of view ually an ion of a dialogue, which is to shorten distancentheauthorandthereaderandtoestablishacloserelationshipntheMetaphorisoftenusedtomakeunfamiliarthingsfamiliarorabstractthingsessay,theadoptionofmetaphoractuallymakeshisclearerandmore 1) ”There is a massive grade

8、inflation of such public praise, a kind of halo effect around t results in a society-wide giving of praise where praise is mot due.”The overabundance of public praise is compared to inflation. If inflation results in persistent decline in the er of money, the overabundance of public praise makeprais

9、e less2) “The result t suchpublic flattery hasdebased and nedthe currency of The value of private is compared to currency, i.e., money in actual use, circulating r money. Private praise ing less and less valuable because of overabundance of public flatter. (This metaphor is closely related with the

10、previous one, in the overabundance of public praise is compared to a massive grade inflation, so as to 3) Sociologist David Riesman once described this as the transition from “the invisible totheglad The economic s transformed the invisible hand to the gesture Nowflatteryisfavorableand4)Smallflatter

11、iesarepartofthetholdssocietyFlattery is indispensable to ersonal relationship inNowflatteryisfavorableand4)SmallflatteriesarepartofthetholdssocietyFlattery is indispensable to ersonal relationship in a society. With this theimportanceofsmallflatteriesis1. Mike Mike Ovitz was the super agent（经纪人）in H

12、ollywood. Ovitz founded Creative Agency (CAA) in 1975. Because of l problems, he had to ncy in 1995 became Disney executive only to leave the Mouse House in 1997. Since then, his repuionhas been ruined.2. CharlesDarwin()1809-Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England. At sixteen, Darwin went to

13、medicine at iversity. Later, he went to Cambridge University to prepare ea he Church of England. After receiving his degree, Darwin served as an naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle, which departed on a five-year scientific expedition to the coast of South America on 31 December, 1831. Darwins research r

14、esulting from this formed the basis of his famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural hebook, Darwin outlinedhistheory ofThroughouthis life,he towriteon3. DonaldDonald Afterhisdeathin1882,hewasburiedinWestminster(1946- is a famous US real e （房地产） construction and businessman,whoisamon

15、gtherichest. Hewrotehismemoir TheArtoftheDealin4. JohnMilton(1608-John Milton was a poet, essayist, playwright, historian, and diplomat. He was born in Cheapside, London, in 1608. When he was young, he received an excellent education in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, French and Italian. He attended Christs C

16、ollege, Cambridge, at the age sixteen and got a masters degree. In 1638, Milton embarked on an Italian journey. experience was described in his Second Defence of the People of England When English Civil War broke out, Miltons attentions shifted from private to public Abruptly began writing prose and

17、 hlets during the early Then, he Cromwells （克伦威尔）Latin secretary for foreign After the restoration of monarchy in 1660 Milton departed from public Though he spared harsh punishment, lived in He became y blind since 1652, and then he devoted his time to ParadiseLost（失乐园）waspublishedinItwasfollowedin1

18、671byParadise Cromwells （克伦威尔）Latin secretary for foreign After the restoration of monarchy in 1660 Milton departed from public Though he spared harsh punishment, lived in He became y blind since 1652, and then he devoted his time to ParadiseLost（失乐园）waspublishedinItwasfollowedin1671byParadise Samso

19、n Agonistes, a verse tragedy, he same volume as 5. DanteAlighieri(1265-Dante Alighieri was an Italian poet and one of the towering figures of European He was a native of Florence （弗罗伦萨）of noble try. In 1302, he wasexiled and he Florence never to return. In his exile, he wrote the verse collection, T

20、he Banquet, De eloquentia (Concerning Vernacular Eloquence), theoretical of the literary language and On Monarchy, a major reatise on medieval political philosophy. is most famous for c poem The Divine Comedy（神曲）, a profoundly Christian human temporal and eternal destiny. It legory of universal huma

21、n he form of pilgrims journey and purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil, then to guided by Beatrice. By writing it in Italian n Latin, Dante almost singlehandedly iterary6. Billon(Bill on, the 1946- of the United es, served two ition 1992 to 2000. His political career began in 1976 when he beca

22、me Arkansas（阿肯色州attorney general（长）. Two years later he was elected the nations Though in 1980, he was not re-elected, he regained ernorship in 1982, ition retained for five consecutive 五届）. In 1992, he won n became born after World War II and to be he t-Cold War In 1995-1996 he was he “Whitewater i

23、r,” an o alleged improprieties by and his wife, Hillary Rodham on, in a Arkansas land deal. In 1998, he was once again involved in an “inappropriate relationship” a White ern, Monica Lewinsky, ade on in historytobeimpeached（弹劾）. Theentwassful,soBillonreturnedoffice of his 9. DaleCarnegie(1888-Dale C

24、arnegie was born on a small aryville He attended eTeachersCollege,andbecameasalesmanforArmourandCompanyinWhenmoved to New York City, he began to give classes in public speaking at the Young ChristianDale Carnegie was born on a small aryville He attended eTeachersCollege,andbecameasalesmanforArmouran

25、dCompanyinWhenmoved to New York City, he began to give classes in public speaking at the Young Christian tion. Soon he was courses on his own and writing hlets public speaking, which, according to him, was the quickest way to establish self-esteem. published How to Win Friends and Influence People i

26、n 1930. t you will and you will” and “Learn to love, respect and enjoy eople” are two of his most DavidRiesman(1909-David Riesman is a US sociologist and lawyer. He was professor of l science University of Chicago n 1949 and 1958. Then, he worked He was authorof TheLonelyCrowdandcoauthoredTheAcademi

27、c12. Jean-JacquesRousseau(Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an insightful philosopher whose be found almost every trace of modern philosophy today. He was born on June 28, 1712 in Switzerland and raised by his uncle and aunt. In 1742, he moved to In his early Rousseau t man is essentially good, a “noble sav

28、age” he e of t good people are made unhappy and corrupted by their in society. In essay, Discourse on the Arts and (1750), he t the advancement of art science had not been l to ind. His most important work is The l Contract, which he talked about the relationship of man with society. Rousseau attack

29、ed the institution private property, so he is considered a forebear of modern lism and Communism. t politics and morality should not be separated. Rousseaus idea of education had significant influence on modern educational theory for he minimizes the importance of learning, while a l emphasis on lea

30、rning by Whats more, t a childs emotions should be educated before his His other worksincludethesand ,abasicdiscourseon 13. ChristopherChristopher Lasch was an American historian.He received a Ph.D from Columbia University in After teaching at the University of Iowa (196166) and University (196670),

31、 he became a professor of American history at the University of His main works include The New Radicalism in America (1965), The Agony of the American (1969), Haven in a Heartless World (1977), The Culture of Narcissism (1979), The His main works include The New Radicalism in America (1965), The Ago

32、ny of the American (1969), Haven in a Heartless World (1977), The Culture of Narcissism (1979), The Minimal (1985),andTheTrueandOnlyHeaven14. LordChesterfield(1694-Lord Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, was Fourth Earl of Chesterfield and an Hismost famous work is his collection of Letters to Hi

33、sSon, advice on the femaleconductbookstohisillegitimate15. JohnStuartMill(1806-John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher-economist. He had a great impact on 19th-British thought, not only in philosophy and economics but he areas of political logic, and ethics. His philosophical works include the Sy

34、stem of Logic (1843), and the of Political Economy (1848). His political views come through in On Liberty (1859), in he t freedom is being endangered by er of public opinion. Mill is rememberedtoday,however,forhiscontributionstoethicaland l 16. RobertSmithSurtees(1803-Robert Smith Surtees was an Eng

35、lish novelist. In a series of humorous sketches Jaunts and Jollities published in the New Sporting Magazine, he created Jorrocks, the sporting grocer. The novel Handley Cross (1843) continued the career of His other novels include Hawbuck Grange (1847), Hillingdon Hall (1845), Mr. Sponges Tour (1853

36、), Ask Mamma (1858), Plain or Ringlets? (1860), and Mr. Facey Romfords 17. Plutarch(c.45-Mestrius Plutarchus (known to history as Plutarch) lived a long and fruitful he Greek town of Chaeronea. For many years Plutarch served as one of the two priests at temple of Apollo at Delphi. Plutarch became fa

37、mous in the Roman Empire because of writings and lectures. He also took an active part in local irs, even serving as Guests from all over the empire congregated in his country e for serious presided over by him. Many of these dialogues were recorded and published, and the 78 andother worksare nowkno

38、wn collectivelyas the 18.TomTom s is a leading actor in Hollywood. He won Oscar Prize twice for his inPhiladelphia（1993）andForrestGump(1994Healsoin such as Sleepless in Seattle (1993), Youve （邮件传情andSavingPrivateRyan(inPhiladelphia（1993）andForrestGump(1994Healsoin such as Sleepless in Seattle (1993)

39、, Youve （邮件传情andSavingPrivateRyan(o Casanova was an Italian ecclesiastic, writer, soldier, spy, and diplomatist. After was expelled from a seminary for scandalous conduct, he launched a dissolute career, widely in Europe. In 1774 he returned to Venice as a spy for the Venetian inquisitors of Hespent

40、 hislateyears (1785-98)aslibrarian to the Count von Waldstein in Bohemia and began write his autobiography, The Story of My Life, which gave a splendid picture of 18th-Europeand establishedhisionasanextraordinaryseducerofRembrandt was a h Baroque Era （巴洛克时期erand engraver. His ingscharacterized by lu

41、xuriant brushwork, rich colour, and a mastery of chiaroscuro. Whats he was a master of light and His drawings constitute a vivid record of AmsterdamHewasllyskillfuliningportraitsandself-（1） 生词（词表以外1.self-rance(L4)2.self-esteemn. 3. ritiesL13)n. 4. charismaticL23a. 的5.theRenaissance(L31) 6.perilous的7

42、.transitionn. 8.undeservinga. 9. clichda. 10.ritualsn. 11.n. 12.prep.古语）13.dearth n.lacksqueamisha. overdovt. 16.odiousa. 1.softsoapn.flattery, HeandIaregreatchums,andalittlesoftsoapwillgolongwaywith2. suck up squeamisha. overdovt. 16.odiousa. 1.softsoapn.flattery, HeandIaregreatchums,andalittlesoft

43、soapwillgolongwaywith2. suck up (to) (L9) : try to he favor of (someone er), as by attentive and behavior Sucking up to the teacher wont get her any high marks, and will only make unpopularwiththeother3. butter up (L10): try to get the favor or friendshiop of rson) by flattery or pleasantness begant

44、obutterupsinhopeofbeinggivenabetter4.wornout (L21):unfit forfurtherThemachineiswornoutandwillhavetobe5. nothingn(L28):almost,Hiswordsarenothingn6. fiddle with (L34) : fool around , er Such a notice might discourage temptedtofiddlewiththeinvestmentcompanys7. hot Johnsthoughtlessremarkaboutreligiongot

45、o a lothot8. ingratiate lf(with) (L57): bring o Hetriedtoingratiatehimself sbygiving 9. holdback (L63): keepback, preventthe developmentofYounshowpromiseasnbutyourlackofpracticeisholdingyou 10. figure out (L80) : work out, understand by I cant figure out what hes trying (3) ParaphrasesofSomerance an

46、d discernment as you would want not soft soap 1. is much self-unvarnishedcandor. (L.I should not flatter you because the people like you who are confident and able to yourownjudgmentonlyneed2.Infact,thehigheryourself-esteem,themoresusceptibleyouareto(L.Actually,themoreyouprideyourself,themorelikelyy

47、ouareaffected2.Infact,thehigheryourself-esteem,themoresusceptibleyouareto(L.Actually,themoreyouprideyourself,themorelikelyyouareaffectedby3.Thelanguageofsuperlativesewornoutand(L.InourlanguagethewordswithsuperlativeformhavelosttheirSometimes,areevenconsideredunrealor4.Ifyoubrown-nosedthe(L. omakingy

48、oualord,youwereunfairly fiddlingwiththeIf you flattered the King and thus became a lord, you are destroying the established orderbydishonest5.Butflatterybeganevenbefore (L.Flattery existed even before God created (It is a metaphor, which is to tflatteryhetryofhuman6. lmobilitybecamea good,flatterylo

49、st itsmoralstigmaand becamejustanother of l(L. When lmobilitybecamesomethingfavorable,i.e.,whenpeoplewerefreetothemselves, flattery was no longer considered something Besides, it was adopted as meansto be7.Thisshiftincharacteryrobbedflattery ofmuchofitsmoral(L.Thischangehasfinallymadeflatteryalittle

50、morefavorable,forpeoplenolongertakeassomething8.Out ofboth (L. andconvenience,wealmostnevercontesteoplesctionsFor the sake of al comfort or advantage and because of our sympathy others,weusuallydonotrefutetheotherstalksaboutheFollowingWordswiththeHelpoftheContextsoft soap (L5)susceptibleabsurdrity n

51、onverbalunique moralstingcomeoutahead heFollowingWordswiththeHelpoftheContextsoft soap (L5)susceptibleabsurdrity nonverbalunique moralstingcomeoutahead WhydoestheauthorflatterhishebeginningoftheWhatarethecharacteristicsofthepublicflatteryWhatarethecharacteristicsofal/private (L14)“Thereisamassive gr

52、adeinflationofsuch publicpraise.”Whatdoes(L47) “Wevedhimbecauseitwasapleasingfiction.”Whatdoes“pleasing (L66)“ForCarnegiewascauseandthesignatureoftheserviceHowdoweunderstand“character”andhisWhatdoes“the invisiblehandto thegladhand” (L71)(L92) “It is the tactical s of everyday t make sible.” does“the

53、 tactical sof everydaylife” refer (L17) The result private t such public flattery has debased and ned the currency (L38)Youcanevenmakethetitsevolutionarilyadaptive(L62)Carnegietonceyoucanfakesincerity,thereisnothingholdingyou(L104)Itsaioninwhichbothpartiescome(L108)Morepeopleareondoutof(L38)Youcanev

54、enmakethetitsevolutionarilyadaptive(L62)Carnegietonceyoucanfakesincerity,thereisnothingholdingyou(L104)Itsaioninwhichbothpartiescome(L108)Morepeopleareondoutofunabletobeharmedbecauseoflersineasilyfalseorfoolish,againstreasonorcommona notcarriedoutbytheuseofbeingthe onlyoneofitstype, senseofbenefitTh

55、eauthortries to outthe l t hisreaders veandtoshowhowwecan flattertheothers effectivelyand directedtomoviestarsandrities,underserved,sive,shallow,alcommunications,earnest,small,mutuallyThe definition of “inflation” is the value of something is decreased caused by an increase thesupplyofsomething.Here

56、,theoverabundanceofpublicpraiseiscomparedtoflattery.overflowingpublicpraisehasmade praiselessandlessWhatonsaidpleasedthepeoplethoughhedidntmeancharacter: the particular combination of t makes someone a particular type ality:someonescharacter,llythewaytheybehavetowardsTheserviceeconomyhasmadeflatterymoreovertand Inourdailylife,weskillfullyavoidrefutingtheotherstalksaboutSuchpublicpraisehedecreaseofthevaluealYoucan