陕西省韩城市司马迁中学2023学年高考冲刺押题（最后一卷）英语试卷（含解析）

1、2023学年高考英语模拟测试卷注意事项：1 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用05毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1His brother aims to be _ of his parents by the time he is twenty.Ainnocent

2、BbeneficialCinvisibleDindependent2More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area, _ there used to be very few.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich3_me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.ACallingBCallCTo callDHaving called4Many writers are drawn to building a world, _ readers are somewhat

3、 familiar with but also feel distant from our normal lives.AitBoneCthatDthe one5The palace is heavily guarded, because inside its walls _.Awhere sit the European leadersBthe European leaders there sitCsit the European leadersDthat the European leaders sit6The news shocked the public，_ to great conce

4、rn about students safety at school.Ahaving ledBledCleadingDto lead7Country people dont pretend to have these ridiculous manners which are necessary _ we call polite societyAwhatBin whatCwhichDin which8Under good treatment, many patients are beginning to _ and will soon recover.Aturn up Bcatch upCpic

5、k up Dshow up9We _back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the mapAareBwereCwould beDwill be10Wu Lei is the only Chinese player has made it onto the latest World Soccer 500 list.AwhoBwhichCwhoseDwhom11I know he feels upset about his failure, and I can _ that.Arelate toBlive withCanswer forDpull throu

6、gh12I have something important to tell John. But I cant find him.His cell phone is here, so he _ have gone too far.AmustntBneedntCwouldntDcant13We came to the station _ all the way, only _ the train had just left.Arunning, toldBto run, tellingCto run, to be toldDrunning, to be told14If he _ his teac

7、hers suggestion, he would have won the English Speech Contest.Ahad followedBshould followCwas to followDfollowed15We work during the week，but weekends and evenings are usually _AvacantBcasualCemptyDclear16I wouldnt have missed the train if I _ up earlier.AgotBhad gotCwill getDhave got17-I dont under

8、stand why Catherine stopped short _ she ought to have continued.-Its obvious that she lacked self-confidence.Awhen BwhileCif Das18Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them.Awithout BbesidesCby Dfor19_ those past years, we couldnt help feeling sorry

9、 for our parents who never had a rest all the year round.ALooking back uponBLooking aroundCLooking outDLooking up20The foreigners here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Tianjin.A/; a B/; theCa; a Dthe; the第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、

10、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分）Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on childrens bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.Scienti

11、sts measured this by studying the ends of childrens chromosomes (染色体）, called telomeres(端粒), says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.Telomeres are special DNA sequences (序列）which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divi

12、des, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to v

13、iolence could make childrens telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children 3t ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers mea

14、sured the childrens telomeres in cells obtained by wiping the insides of their cheeks一at ages 5 and 10.Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging,

15、 such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.Shlev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.The study confirm

16、s a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.1、The new study found that .Ahardship can change a childs memoryBviolence can speed up a chi

17、lds agingCviolence leaves scars on a child s mindDhardship has an effect on a childs mind2、What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATelomeres. BChildren.CChromosomes. DDNA sequences.3、What can be inferred from the text?AViolence can cause quick cell death in childrens body.BTelo

18、meres can help prevent chromosomes from separating.CChildren who have shorter telomeres have heart attacks later.DBeing treated badly will make a childs telomeres shorten faster.4、What is the best title for the text?AViolence and TelomeresBThe Function of TelomeresCViolence Makes Children AgingDDNA

19、Influences Childrens Growth22（8分） When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their

20、own but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someones death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situatio

21、ns that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into

22、three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South Ame

23、rica, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relative

24、ly wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether t

25、he possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles t

26、o gain public acceptance.At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each yearbut that people might

27、focus more on events involving robots.Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”1、Why is it difficult to set uni

28、versal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?ASocial values always change with the times.BMoral choices vary between different cultures.CDrivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak.DCar makers are faced with decisions of life or death.2、The researchers conducted the study by_.Ausing a

29、 massive online quiz worldwideBcomparing different cultures and customsCdividing the respondents into three groupsDperforming a series of controlled experiments3、According to the study, in which country are drivers more likely to hit a pedestrian crossing the road illegally?ANigeriaBColombiaCFinland

30、DIndonesia4、Barbara Wege would probably agree that _.ASelf-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environmentBAccidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attentionCProblems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in societyDCar makers neednt take the risk of solv

31、ing self-driving car ethical dilemmas23（8分）1、What is the advantage of Fineways new food labels?AThey provide extra nutritional information.BThey warn customers about unhealthy foods.CThey show different customers nutritional needs.DThey remind customers of the harm of unbalanced nutrition.2、Accordin

32、g to the passage, the new labelling system can help to _.Areduce the amount of food you takeBfollow GDAs by mixing various foodsCmake your choice of more delicious foodDsatisfy the growing demands for nutrition3、Where is the passage most probably taken from?AA dinner menu.BA research report.CA fashi

33、on magazine.DAn advice brochure.24（8分）Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day.Here are some steps on how to s

34、tart your new day fresh:1. Take time to evaluate your dayAt the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This wont do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thi

35、nking time is to extract(吸取) lessons which you can bring to the following day.2. Make a commitment to apply the lessonsAfter you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. Y

36、ou may write them down if you want to.3. “Close” your dayAfter you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; dont think about it anymore.4. Bring only the lessons to the next day and nothing elseAfter you “close” a d

37、ay, you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day fresh without the burden of yesterday.1、What will happen if we think too much about the past?AThere will be a disa

38、ster. BThere will be good results.CWe wont have a peaceful mind. DWe surely wont finish todays task.2、When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes?AAt the end of a day. BWhen we make mistakes.CAt the beginning of a day. DWhen we regret making the mistakes.3、Why should we extract lessons from t

39、he past day?ATo set them down. BTo consider them again.CTo make a better decision. DTo apply them for future use.25（10分）A new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling.The invention, which can help sort

40、 rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years.The bin, designed by start-up company Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recog

41、nition and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it

42、is introducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “Weve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In

43、 response to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home.Bin.Es official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for office

44、s will be available.The office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an accompanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin.E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.

45、They added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.”1、What do we know about about a ne

46、w “smart bin” from the first paragraph?AIt works automatically.BIt has been used widely.CIt is easy to operate.DIt is very expensive.2、What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe waste.BThe camera.CThe bin.DThe sensor.3、Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-tech recycling bin

47、s?ATo change peoples behaviour,BTo satisfy increasing demands.CTo popularize new technology.DTo make them more famous.4、Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. Es official?AAt home.BIn the supermarket.CIn the open air.DIn the office.第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分

48、）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项26（30分）The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the attractive young woman with the white cane（杖，手杖） made her way carefully up the steps. She 1 the driver and, using her hands to feel the 2 of the seats, walked down and found the 3 which the dr

49、iver had told her was empty. Then she settled in.It had been a year since Mary, 34, 4 a medical misdiagnosis (误诊), was suddenly thrown into a world of 5 Mark, her husband, was an Air Force officer and he loved Mary with all his heart. He 6 her how to rely on her other 7 , specifically her hearing, t

50、o determine where she was and 8 to adapt herself to the new environment. He helped her befriend（友好对待） the bus drivers who could 9 for her, and save her a seat. 10 , Mary decided that she was ready to try the 11 on her own. Monday morning, she said good-bye and for the first time, they went their 12

51、ways.On Friday morning, Mary took the bus to work as usual. As she was 13 the bus, the driver said, “Boy, I 14 envy you.” Mary had no 15 what the driver was talking about, and asked, “What do you 16 ?”The driver answered, “You know, every morning for the 17 week, a fine-looking gentleman 18 a milita

52、ry uniform has been standing across the corner 19 you as you get off the bus. He 20 you cross the street safely and he watches until you enter your office building. You are one lucky lady.”Tears of gratitude poured down Marys cheeks.1、AthankedBaskedCdiscoveredDpaid2、AlocationBshapeCsizeDcost3、Aticke

53、tBbusCseatDbag4、Aaccording toBinstead ofCthanks toDdue to5、AangerBdarknessChappinessDlight6、AaskedBencouragedCtaughtDpraised7、AfeelingsBsightsCsensesDabilities8、AhowBwhenCwhereDwho9、Amake outBwatch outCfind outDwork out10、AFinallyBLuckilyCHoweverDBesides11、AvisitBtripCbusDwork12、AoppositeBseparateCd

54、ifficultDusual13、Agetting onBgetting inCgetting offDgetting up14、AmustBmayCwillDdo15、AideaBopinionCwayDthought16、AwantBmeanCsayDsuggest17、AnextBoldCpastDfollowing18、AbyBonCwithDin19、AsearchingBwatchingCcallingDnoticing20、Alooks outBtakes upCbelieves inDmakes sure第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单

55、词或括号内单词的正确形式。27（15分）Running individual official accounts on social-networking app WeChat has become a new channel for Chinese people to express themselves, according to a survey.At present many media 1(organize), companies and individuals in China have launched official accounts on WeChat, 2(attempt

56、) to attract more subscribers to expand their reach. Over 66 percent of 2,001 respondents said they are willing to set up individual official WeChat accounts, while 27.2 percent said they have already started such accounts. The survey, 3(publish) Tuesday by the China Youth Daily, also said expressin

57、g feelings and views, as well as gaining popularity, are the top three reasons people want individual official accounts. More than half of individual official accounts offer content concerning 4(person) views and feelings, as well as entertainment and recreation information, the survey said.Despite

58、only having 75 followers, Wang Yiran, 5 college student in Shandong Province, said she will keep posting updates, as she considers 6 a meaningful way to keep record of her daily life and to share opinions with others.7 more than 540 respondents 8 have individual public accounts on WeChat, 5 percent

59、claimed that they 9(build) popular self-media brands using their accounts, 10 12.2 percent said they had made money from the accounts through advertising. 第四部分 写作（共两节）第一节 短文改错（满分10分）28（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜

60、线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Learning is very important for each individual because we have to acquire new and advanced knowledge every day、 So it will bring many advantage all through our life to be the successful learner、Successful learners are simil