句子成分和句子结构市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、句子成份与基本句型英语入门基础第1页什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成，是能表示一个完整概念语言单位句子第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !第2页当代汉语里普通句子成份有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语基本成份有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子包含哪些成份？第3页主语：主语是在句子中

2、说明全句中心主题部分普通由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它位置普通在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.主语第4页谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语组成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.第5页表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动

3、名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.第6页宾语宾语是动作，行为对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.第7页宾语补足语：

4、位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。能够用作宾语补足语有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.宾语补足语第8页状语状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生时间，地点，目标，方式，程度普通由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当H

5、e did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第9页定语 修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成份表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a dev

6、eloped country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）第

7、10页 句子成份特点和功效句子成份 特点和功效 例句主语谓语宾语表语1.是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。2.惯用名词或相当于名词词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。 They are students. The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。1. 说明主语动作、状态和特征，普通放 在主语后面2. 惯用动词或动词词组充当 We study English. He is asleep. You may go now.1. 是动作行为对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后 (动宾&介宾）2. 惯

8、用名词或相当于名词词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当 I like China. We study English. I play with him. 位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后,表示主语性质、状态和特征。 They are students. He is asleep. 他睡着了。 To see is to believe. 第11页 句子成份特点和功效句子成份 特点和功效 例句定语状语 修饰限定名词或代词，说明该名词或代词状态、品质、数量等。 用来修饰动词、形容词和副词等，表示事情发生时间、地点、原因、结果、程

9、度等等The little boy needs a blue pen.(形容词) Two boys need two pens. （数词） His name is Tom.（物主代词） The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（介词短语） The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.（分词短语） He runs quickly. 他跑地很快。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 I will go there tomorrow.He works in this factory.第12页英

10、语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）第13页种类类型主语S谓语动词v表语/宾语p宾语0宾补oc第1种S+V主谓Wework第种主谓宾He plays the violin.第种主系表We arestudents第种S+v+IO+DO主谓双宾shegaveme a pen.第种S+V+O+OCHe mademelaugh第14页 （不及物动词）1. The sunrose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said

11、does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第15页 （主谓宾）组成宾语代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them，us， her等 （及物动词） 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。3. He said Good morning. 他说：早上好！“4. I recognized h

12、im. 我认出他了。此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第16页（主谓间宾直宾） （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。2. I told him the story 我告诉他这个故事。有些及物动词能够有两个宾语eg：give/pass/bring/show/buy/teach。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。第17页 （主系表） （是系动词） 1.This is an En

13、glish-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐气味很好。3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不一样了。4. His face turned red. 他脸红了。第18页系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等，表情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表改变。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错,feel good

14、/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 第19页S+V+O+C（主+动+宾+宾补） （及物） （宾语） （宾补）The war| made| him |a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.New methods |make |the job| easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松. I |often find| him |at work.我经常发觉他在工作. I |saw |a cat |running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.第20页此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。类

15、似动词有call make find think keep see等等。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明成份。能够用作宾语补足语有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。第21页划分句子成份练习一 (一)指出以下句中主语中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework

16、without the teachers help is very difficult.第22页(二) 选出句中谓语中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a mee

17、ting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 第23页(三) 挑出以下句中宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in t

18、he school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第24页(四) 挑出以下句中表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.第25页(五) 挑

19、出以下句中定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第26页 (六) 挑出以下句中宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her t