名词性从句专题讲座市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、Noun clauses第1页英语基本句型与主谓结构1. 主语 + 不及物动词 2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 主语谓 语主 谓 结 构+基本句型独立成句主谓结构为句子。不能独立成句而只充当一个成份主谓结构为从句。无宾语，无被动可被动第2页在句子中起名词作用充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语主谓结构。 is interesting.The bookWhat he is reading名词作主语从句作主语No one knows exactly .the life

2、 on other planetsif there is life on other planets名词短语作宾语从句作宾语English is .a useful toolwhat I like most of all subjects名词短语作表语从句作表语I love .the novel The Old Man and the Seathe saying that time heals all wounds 名词短语作同位语从句作同位语主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第3页 1 What parents say and do has a life-long effect on the

3、ir children. 2 Your achievement depends on how hard you work. 3 The reason why he failed the exam was that he was careless._观察与思索：1 上述句子结构完整吗？2 上述句子各缺乏什么成份？3 所缺乏成份能用什么词类或从句充当？4 充当这些成份从句叫什么？ 结论： 上述句子中从句起名词性作用，在句中分别充当主语、宾语和表语，故称名词性从句。缺乏作同位语名词性从句时不影响句子结构完整，但缺乏充当其它成份名词性从句则句子不完整。第4页1 What parents say and

4、 do has a life-long effect on their children. 2 Your achievement depends on how hard you work.3 The reason why he failed the exam was that he was careless.4 Your future depends on whether you are working hard now.5 When and where the meeting will be held hasnt been decided.6 There are many presents

5、here. You can choose whichever you like. 观察与思索：1 上述句子中从句有什么特点？2 哪些词语能引导名词性从句？3 怎么判定名词性从句引导词？结论：1 上述从句在整个句子中作用相当于一个名词。2 从句表示意思不一样，引导词就不一样: a 表示事实、观点时用连词that引导(从句不缺成份)； b 表示普通疑问用连词whether (或if)引导(从句不缺成份) 特殊疑问用特殊疑问词引导 疑问代词和副词 (疑问代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语； 疑问副词在从句中作各种状语，从句不缺基本成份) c 表示人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式详细对象 特指对象

6、用what和when, where, why, how引导 泛指对象用wh-代词+ever引导：whoever, whatever, whichever 第5页名词性从句2. 表普通疑问 （用whether或if引导）3. 表特殊疑问 （用wh-疑问代词或疑问副词引导）4. 表人、物、时间、地点等等对象 1. 表事实或观点（用that引导）_ is a problem.(怎样把理论应用于实践是个问题。) It had never occurred to him _. (他从未想到他会失败。) Its apparent _. (显然你观点与他想矛盾。)that your idea contrad

7、icts histhat he might fail表示：他能不能实现目标还不清楚。 Its not clear yet _.whether he can achieve his goalHow theory will be applied to practice_ is neither time nor money.(他们缺乏既不是时间也不是钱。)What they lack5. 感叹(事实变体)表示：你不明白我当初多累。You dont know _.how tired I was王中熙晏 航表示：1 他是他父母慰藉是真。 Its true _. 2 他认可他与他人不合群。 He ackn

8、owledged _.丰润熙that he is a comfort to his parents刘镅子that he didnt fit in with others表示：3 我提议你写一篇文章反驳他观点。 My advice is _. 方 意that you write an article to contradict him晏 源表示：他问我是否适应新环境。 He asked me _.肖莎莎whether / if I had adapted to the new environment王定武表示：我想知道你理想是什么。 I wonder _.晏 思what your ambitio

9、n is表示：我问题是你怎样验证你想法。 My question is _.刘 颖how youll test out your idea 表示：你知道他们怎么活下来吗？ Have you any idea _?瞿 琛how they have lived on陈家乐表示：失去东西往往是宝贵。 _ is often valuable.闫佳彤What is lost表示：想吃什么请随意。 Please help yourself to _. 毛刚柔whatever you want表示：谁想去我就带谁去。 Ill take _. 王 哲whoever wants to go表示：不听老师劝人一定

10、会后悔。 _ is bound to regret.付 颖Whoever doesnt take the teachers advice表示：凡是获胜选手将取得奖赏。 _ will be rewarded. 肖莎莎Whichever player will win表示：凡是值得做事值得做好。 _ is worth doing well.万 方Whatever is worth doing李 州你简直想不到他取得了多大成就。 You can hardly imagine _.李心怡what achievements hes made名词从句引导词判断依据 1 看名词从句意义类别是事实/观点、疑问

11、还是 详细对象 2 看引导词在从句中作用 是否充当成份，充当 什么成份 3 类别相同且作用相同时看引导词意思是人还是 物，或者是时间、地点、原因、方式还是程度 4 表详细对象时看是特指还是泛指 5 看从句意思与主句相关部分意义匹配 It is no wonder (that) he has failed the exam. Hes addicted to video games. It is a question whether he will achieve anything. 第6页1. 事实或观点类名词性从句1大家都知道中国人口最多。 Its known to all _.2 你看我们有

12、必要当真吗？ Do you think it necessary _? 3 当战争暴发消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。 When the news came _, he decided to serve in the army. (辽宁) 4 当代科技提供了充分证据证实吸烟可能引发许多疾病。 Modern science has given clear evidence _ _. (天津) that China has the largest population that we take it seriously that the war broke out that smoking can

13、lead to many diseases曹 逊王婧怡朱明浩陈小蝶 从句本身不缺基本成份主语、宾语、表语和宾补；整个从句陈说一个事实或一个观点。 表示事实或观点名词后同位语从句用that引导: belief, news, fact, decision, hope, evidence, possibility, promise, suggestion, request, proposal, ability, anxiety, answer, order, report, wish, no doubt, message, reply等等。第7页5 房价将要下跌这一消息使得很多人低价卖房。 The

14、news _ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (湖北) 6 近年来地球正在逐步变暖，很多科学家已经为此担忧。 The fact has worried many scientists _ _. (09江西) 7 从学校办公室传来消息说王林被北京大学录用。 News came from the school office _ _. (09四川) 8 对学生来说显著是他们应该为其未来作好准备。 It is obvious to the students _ _. (09天津) 9 我们应该考虑下学生们要求：学

15、校图书馆多提供些关于科普方 面书。 We should consider the students request _ _. (09重庆) that the housing price will fall that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years that Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University that they should get well prepared for their future that the school library provide mo

16、re books on popular science 高开华汤佩玲王子鸣吴剑淳刘 颖 注意：用感叹句表示事实时不用that而用how或what引导： Parents are taught to understand how important education is to their childrens future.第8页惯用that引导主语从句句型 Its + adj. (likely / possible / important / necessary / clear, etc. ) that 很可能 / 主要是 / 必要/ 很清楚 Its + 过去分词 (said / report

17、ed, believed, etc.) that 听说/据报道/据信 变体：Its been + 过去分词 ( announced / declared,etc. ) that 已经通知 / 宣告 It + vi. (seems / appears / happens, etc. ) that 显然、显著、恰巧. Its + n. (no wonder, a pity, a fact / common knowledge, an honor, etc.) that 难怪/可惜/事实是； 是常识。第9页2. 表普通疑问名词性从句1我们提供给她了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接收。 Weve off

18、ered her the job, but I dont know _ _. (山东) 2 起先他讨厌这个新工作, 但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否 好转。 At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _. (09北京) 3 他是否去那儿不知道。 It is not known _. whether/ if shell accept itwhether it got any better if / whether he will go there张 煜吴剑淳晏 航 从句本身不缺基本成份

19、主语、宾语、表语和宾补；整个从句表示一个普通疑问，但用陈说语序。 注意：以下情况下表示普通疑问时名词从句引导词用whether (不用if)：1. 从句在句首作主语 2. 从句作介词宾语3. 从句作表语 4. 从句作同位语5. 后接不定式第10页3. 表特殊疑问名词性从句1 他写东西非常混乱，难以搞清他想表示什么意思。 His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _. (安徽) 2 一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去, 不论是他 朋友还是亲戚。 How much one enjoys himself travel

20、ling depends largely on _, whether his friends or relatives. (四川) 3 作为一名外交官, 他经常考虑着怎样在这么场所表现得更 得体。 As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ _ on such occasions. ( 上海) 4变换车道时，司机应该用转向灯来让其它司机知道自己在 进入哪条车道。 When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. (上海) 5 我们还

21、没有讨论把我们新家俱放在哪里。 We havent discussed yet _ _. (全国) what he is trying to expresswho he goes with how he can react more appropriately 李 州徐帧媚王 哲which lane he is entering where we are going to place our new furniture 李心怡晏 源 整个从句表示一个特殊疑问；从句本身缺基本成份时用疑问代词引导；不缺基本成份时用疑问副词引导；用陈说语序。 what在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语，从句表示人(

22、性格或职业) 和“非人” (事、物、时间、地点、原因等)；how在从句中除了作状语修饰全句和修饰动词表示方式外还能修饰形容词和副词，表示对形容词、副词程度作感叹。第11页6 冰雪封路。我不明白他们为何坚持乘摩托车去。 The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ _. ( 全国I) 7 尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药品, 不过, 它会带来什 么副作用还不确定。 It is uncertain _, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (浙江) 8当被问到他们最需要什么时

23、, 孩子们说他们想感觉到他们是 主要并是有些人爱。 When asked _, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (08湖南) 9 明天是汤姆生日。你知道生日集会在哪里举行吗？ Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ _? (08陕西) what they needed most where the party is to be held why they insist on going by motorbike what side effect the m

24、edicine will bring about 只能表示疑问。瞿 琛毛刚柔雷浩洋方 蝶第12页4-1. 表人、物/事、时间、地点、原因等详细对象(特 指关系分句) 1 巴巴拉琼斯展现给她歌迷东西是老实和高兴。 _ is honesty and happiness. (北京卷) 2 你试图经过言语表示意思或许恰恰跟他人实际了解意思相反。 The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _. (上海) 3 而当我们抵达看上去像一个大市场地方时我没看到王平。 However, I lost si

25、ght of Wang Ping when we reached _ _. 4村民们已经知道我们将要做事情是重建这座桥。 The villagers have already known (that) _ is to rebuild the bridge. (江西) What Barbara Jones offers to her fans what others actually understand what looked like a large marketwhat well do 王婧怡刘 颖丰润煕王子鸣 Meanwhile you have to prepare the next

26、question depending on what the person says. (采访人所讲内容) Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. （我么现在知道是加州地方） Now have a really good idea of what the citys like.(城市面貌) After what seemed a very long time (似乎是很久时间), I opened my eyes and found myself

27、in bed. He is not what he was a few years ago (几年前样子). Our income is now double what it was ten years ago (十年前数目). The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thought was a dangerous speed. (我认为是危险速度速度) 从句表示一个特定人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式、速度等等；从句本身缺基本成份时用连接代词what引导(可指人或物、事、时间、地点、速度等)；不缺基

28、本成份时用连接副词引导。第13页5 这名男子没有早点汇报这次事故原因根本没有搞清楚。 It was never clear _ _. (江苏) 6 作为一名新外交官, 他经常考虑着在这么场所表现得更 得体方法。 As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _ _. (09上海) 7 上一次我们玩得非常开心时间是我们游览水上公园时。 The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. (08天津) 8 你书看完了吗？ 没有，我读到了孩子们发觉秘密洞穴地方。 Have you f

29、inished the book? No, Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. (全国) why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner 4-1. 表人、物、时间、地点、原因等详细对象(特 指) how he can react more appropriately on such occasions whenwhere第14页4-2. 表人、物、时间、地点、原因等详细对象 ( 泛 指关系分句：只能用连接代词 + ever )1 这个周末野营怎么样, 来点新鲜？ 好啊, 按

30、你意思吧 (不论你想做什么都行)。 How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK, _. (浙江) 2 她对我们来说非常宝贵, 我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她生命。 She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. (09湖南) 3 我能够和负责国际销售人谈谈吗？ Could I speak to _ please? (09全国I, 07山东) 4 这本入门书对于想做这种工作任何人都可能有益。 The how-to book

31、 can be of help to _ _. (09陕西) whatever you want whateverwhoever is in charge of International Sales whoever wants to do the job 从句表示一个泛指人、物、事等(whoever可特指，如句3)；从句本身缺基本成份；用连接代词+ever引导。类 别连 接 代 词连 接 副 词特 指whatwhen, where, why, how泛 指whoever, whomever, whatever, whicheverwh-连接副词+ever不能引导名词从句第15页5. 表感叹

32、（事实变体）1令人震惊消息使我意识到我们面临多么可怕问题。 The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.(北京卷) 2 你想象不到实现我们目标多难。 You cannot imagine _ difficult it was for us to achieve our goal. whathow 表示感叹名词从句假如不表感叹就是事实或观点，所以属于事实类变体。引导词在从句中相当于名词或限定词作主语、宾语、表语和定语时用what；在从句中相当于副词作状语修饰动词或形容词、副词时用how。第16页which

33、和what引导名词从句辨析 I read about it in some book or another, but what I dont know is which (book) it is. Do you know which of them is more fit for the post? The twins are so alike I can never tell which is which. It is unknown which team will win in the final. Who can predict what painting styles there wi

34、ll be in the future? People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years. What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. What other people thought was not the most important thing. (U5 B7)引导词用 法which特殊疑问：限定范围选择“哪个/些(人、物)”what特殊疑问：没限定范围选择“什么(事、物)”特指

35、对象：人、物、事、时间、地点等等第17页名词从句与定语从句比较 有引导词除引导名词从句外，还能引导其它从句。学习和使用时要细心比较，掌握其异同。e. g. Its believed that more exercise will result in better health. (名从) Its the first time that he has been abroad. (定从) Wuhan is the last city that he has visited. (定从) He worked so hard that he made rapid progress. (状从) It wa

36、s not in the accident that he was killed. (强调句型) When he will recover from the injury is not clear. (名从) In the year when he graduated from college his father died. (定从) Ill take care of your baby when Im not occupied. (状从) It was 7 oclock when he got off work. (状从) What can you see from where you a

37、re? (名从) The factory where these products are manufactured will close. (定从) Stay where you are or youll be found. (状从) 一个从句终究是名词从句还是定语从句或状语从句当然取决于它在整个句子中所充当成份： 从句充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时，整个从句作用相当于一个名词，属于名词从句； 从句充当定语限定或补充说明名词、代词或先行句时，其作用相当于一个形容词，称形容词从句或定语从句； 从句修饰动词，说明动作发生或状态存在时间、地点、原因、方式、结果、目标、条件等等时，其作用相当于一个副

38、词，称副词从句或状语从句。 之所以要搞清从句类别，是因为有引导词引导不一样种类从句时，使用方法不一样：从句类别that引导词使用方法名词从句在从句中不充当成份定语从句在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语甚至状语状语从句在从句中不充当成份类 别不充当成份作主、宾、表、定状 语名词从句that, whether, if who, what, which, whom, whosewhen, where, why, how定语从句that, who, which, whom, whose, aswhen, where, why第18页that定语从句Is that the book that you boug

39、ht last week? 名词性从句I didnt know that you are so stubborn.能引导定语从句和名词性从句引导词使用方法比较that 引导定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，前有先行词, 从句对先行词进行限定使其指代明确 引导名词性从句时在从句中不充当成份，除非作同位语，不然无先行词，从句是一个事实或观点表示：他不知道他捐钱如此有用。 He doesnt know that the money (that) he has donated is of such help. 第19页能引导定语从句和名词性从句引导词使用方法比较who定语从句He who laug

40、hs last laughs best.名词性从句Its not clear who will be elected chairman.who 引导定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，前有指人先行词, 从句对先行词进行限定或补充说明 引导名词性从句本身不完整(who充当主语、宾语或表语等基本成份)，若非作同位语则无先行词，从句是一个问询人特殊疑问 “谁”表示：你知道被选为主席人是谁吗？Do you know who the person that has been elected chairman is?第20页能引导定语从句和名词性从句引导词使用方法比较which定语从句 The buil

41、ding which is being built is another teaching building.名词性从句 There were so many presents to choose from that he didnt know which he should choose.which 引导定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，前有指物或事先行词或先行句, 从句对先行词或先行句进行限定或补充说明 引导名词性从句本身不完整(which充当主语、宾语、表语或定语)，若非作同位语则无先行词，从句本身是一个表示在限定范围中选择特殊疑问“哪个、哪些”表示：所买礼品中哪一件送给她还不

42、清楚。 Its not clear which of the presents that have been bought will be given to her?第21页when定语从句 Do you still remember the time when you first went to school?名词性从句 Its still a question when they will get married. The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.能引导定语从句和名词性从句引

43、导词使用方法比较when 引导定语从句时在从句中作时间状语，前有指时间先行词, 从句对先行词进行限定或补充说明 引导名词性从句本身不缺基本成份(when充当状语)，若不是作表示疑问同位语则无先行词，从句本身要么是一个问询时间特殊疑问（什么时候）要么表示一个详细对象“时间、时候”表示：他吃苦时间是他当工人时候。 The time when he suffered hardships was (the time) when he was a worker.第22页where定语从句He grew up in the village where he was born.名词性从句I wonder w

44、here he is from.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are.能引导定语从句和名词性从句引导词使用方法比较where 引导定语从句时在从句中作地点状语，前有指地点先行词, 从句对先行词进行限定或补充说明 引导名词性从句本身不缺基本成份(where充当状语)，若不是作表示疑问同位语则无先行词，从句本身要么是一个问询地点特殊疑问（什么地方）要么表示一个详细对象“地点”表示：大城市是房价最高地方。 Big cities are (the places) where housing prices a

45、re the highest.第23页why定语从句 He didnt explain the reason why he had quitted his job.名词性从句 Why he divorced his wife remains a mystery. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.能引导定语从句和名词性从句引导词使用方法比较why 引导定语从句时在从句中作原因状语，前有the reason作先行词, 从句对先行词进行限定 引导名词性从句本身不

46、缺基本成份(why充当状语)，若不是作表示疑问同位语则无先行词，从句本身要么是一个问询原因特殊疑问（为何）或要么表示一个详细对象“原因”表示：你没到达要求是你没有被录用原因。 That you havent met the requirements is (the reason) why you havent been admitted.第24页同一引导词引导定语从句和名词性从句比较能引导定语从句但不引导名词性从句引导词as引导名词性从句但不引导定语从句引导词 what, how, if, whether; whoever, whatever, whichever; as if, as tho

47、ughwhat定语从句 名词性从句 I dont know what he said to his girlfriend. What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.what不能引导定语从句 引导名词性从句可能缺基本成份(what充当主语、宾语、表语或定语)，若不是作表示疑问同位语则无先行词，从句本身要么是一个特殊疑问（什么）要么是一个详细对象“东西、话、事”第25页同一引导词引导定语从句和名词性从句比较how定语从句 名词性从句 Do you know how the universe cam

48、e into being? How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.how不能引导定语从句 引导名词性从句不缺基本成份(how充当状语表示从句中动词发生方式或从句形容词、副词程度)，若不是作表示疑问同位语则无先行词，从句本身要么是一个问询方式或程度特殊疑问（怎样、怎样；多么）要么表示一个详细对象“方式、方法”表示：我不知道他是怎样在那么短时间完成任务？ I dont know how he has completed the task in such a short time.第26页部分名词性从句与定语从句转换 特

49、指名词性从句定语从句例 句whatthe person(s) / thing(s) that He is not what he was when I first met him. (= the person that he was) What he says and does dont agree. (= The things that he says and does)whenthe + 时间名词 + when The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. (= the time when

50、we were visiting the Water Park)wherethe + 地点名词 + where Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are. (= the place where the best jobs are)whythe reason + why I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(= the reason why he never finish

51、es anything)howthe way that How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (= The way that we understand things)第27页部分名词性从句与定语从句转换 泛指名词性从句定语从句例 句whateveranything that Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.(= Anything that you do)who(m)everthe person who / anyo

52、ne who Whoever told you about it was lying. (= The person who told you about it) Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(= Anyone who breaks the law)whicheverany one who / any one that Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. (= Any one of you who breaks the window) As many

53、 as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. (= any one that suits you best)第28页 若主句谓语动词为现在时或现在未来时，宾语从句谓语动词依据需要用任何一个时态。 The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock y

54、esterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been wrote had been 若主句谓语动词为过去时，宾语从句谓语动词要用某种过去时(宾语从句内容为客观真理时依然用普通现在时)。宾语从句中时态第29页What引导名词性从句作主语主谓一致 What